Mycoses最新文献

{"title":"Candida albicans skin infection in diabetic patients: An updated review of pathogenesis and management.","authors":"Sakina Shahabudin, Nina Suhaity Azmi, Mohd Nizam Lani, Muhammad Mukhtar, Md Sanower Hossain","doi":"10.1111/myc.13753","DOIUrl":"10.1111/myc.13753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Candida species, commensal residents of human skin, are recognized as the cause of cutaneous candidiasis across various body surfaces. Individuals with weakened immune systems, particularly those with immunosuppressive conditions, are significantly more susceptible to this infection. Diabetes mellitus, a major metabolic disorder, has emerged as a critical factor inducing immunosuppression, thereby facilitating Candida colonization and subsequent skin infections. This comprehensive review examines the prevalence of different types of Candida albicans-induced cutaneous candidiasis in diabetic patients. It explores the underlying mechanisms of pathogenicity and offers insights into recommended preventive measures and treatment strategies. Diabetes notably increases vulnerability to oral and oesophageal candidiasis. Additionally, it can precipitate vulvovaginal candidiasis in females, Candida balanitis in males, and diaper candidiasis in young children with diabetes. Diabetic individuals may also experience candidal infections on their nails, hands and feet. Notably, diabetes appears to be a risk factor for intertrigo syndrome in obese individuals and periodontal disorders in denture wearers. In conclusion, the intricate relationship between diabetes and cutaneous candidiasis necessitates a comprehensive understanding to strategize effective management planning. Further investigation and interdisciplinary collaborative efforts are crucial to address this multifaceted challenge and uncover novel approaches for the treatment, management and prevention of both health conditions, including the development of safer and more effective antifungal agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":18797,"journal":{"name":"Mycoses","volume":"67 6","pages":"e13753"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141321255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of the clarus Aspergillus galactomannan enzyme immunoassay prototype for the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in serum.","authors":"Johannes Boyer, Sarah Sedik, Matthias Egger, Karl Dichtl, Juergen Prattes, Lisa Kriegl, Robert Krause, Florian Prüller, Martin Hoenigl","doi":"10.1111/myc.13756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.13756","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Serum galactomannan (GM) testing is essential for diagnosing invasive aspergillosis (IA), particularly in immunocompromised individuals. The global lack of on-site GM testing capacities necessitates cost-effective alternatives, such as .the clarus Aspergillus GM enzyme immunoassay prototype (clarus AGM prototype).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-centre, cross-sectional study compared the diagnostic performance of the clarus AGM prototype (IMMY, Norman, Oklahoma) with the serological gold standard (=Platelia AGM assay; Bio-Rad, Marnes-la-Cocquette, France). IA was classified according to modified 2020 EORTC/MSG consensus and 2024 FUNDICU criteria. In total, 300 prospectively (May-Dec 2023) and retrospectively (2012-2015) collected samples were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 300 samples from 232 patients, 49 (16%) were classified as proven (n = 1) or probable IA (n = 48). In non-IA cases (n = 250), one patient was classified as possible IA. With the manufacturer recommended cut-off of ≥0.2, sensitivity and specificity of the clarus AGM prototype were 27% (13/49; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 15%-41%) and 99% (248/250; 95% CI: 97%-100%), respectively, while sensitivity and specificity were 78% and 79% when using the optimised Youden's cut-off of 0.0045 ODI. ROC curve analysis demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.829 (95% CI: 0.760-0.898) for the clarus AGM prototype in distinguishing between proven/probable IA and non-IA. The AUC for the Platelia AGM was 0.951 (95% CI: 0.909-994). Spearman's correlation analysis showed a weak correlation between the two assays (0.382; p < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The weak correlation between the clarus AGM prototype and Platelia AGM highlights the need for further investigation into the clinical performance of the clarus AGM prototype, giving the different antigen epitopes addressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":18797,"journal":{"name":"Mycoses","volume":"67 6","pages":"e13756"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141419901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fusarium keratitis in a Brazilian tropical semi‐arid area: Clinical–epidemiological features, molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility","authors":"Edlâny Pinho Romão Milanez, Pedro de Freitas Santos Manzi de Souza, Ruan Campos Monteiro, Lívia Maria Galdino Pereira, Paulo Henrique Soares Peixoto, Denis Francisco Gonçalves de Oliveira, Pedro Paulo Rodrigues Colares, Raielly Furtado Teixeira, Marília de Freitas Chaves e Andrade, Jailton Vieira Silva, Anderson Messias Rodrigues, Débora Castelo Branco de Souza Collares Maia, Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro","doi":"10.1111/myc.13728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.13728","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundFungal keratitis is a severe eye infection that can result in blindness and visual impairment, particularly in developing countries. <jats:italic>Fusarium</jats:italic> spp. are the primary causative agents of this condition. Diagnosis of <jats:italic>Fusarium</jats:italic> keratitis (FK) is challenging, and delayed treatment can lead to serious complications. However, there is limited epidemiological data on FK, especially in tropical areas.ObjectivesThis study aimed to describe the clinical, laboratorial and epidemiological characteristics of FK in a tropical semi‐arid region of Brazil.Patients/MethodsAdult patients with laboratory‐confirmed FK diagnosed between October 2019 and March 2022 were evaluated. <jats:italic>Fusarium</jats:italic> isolates were characterized at molecular level and evaluated regarding antifungal susceptibility.ResultsA total of 226 clinical samples from patients suspected of keratitis were evaluated; fungal growth was detected in 50 samples (22.12%); out of which 42 were suggestive of <jats:italic>Fusarium</jats:italic> spp. (84%). Molecular analysis of a randomly selected set of 27 isolates identified <jats:italic>F. solani</jats:italic> species complex (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 14); <jats:italic>F. fujikuroi</jats:italic> sensu lato (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 6) and <jats:italic>F. dimerum</jats:italic> sensu lato (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 7); a total of 10 haplotypes were identified among the strains. All but one <jats:italic>Fusarium</jats:italic> strains were inhibited by amphotericin B, natamycin and fluconazole. Most patients were male (71.42%; 30 out of 42), aged from 27 to 73 years old. Trauma was the most important risk factor for FK (40.47%; 17 out of 42). Patients were treated with antifungals, corticoids and antibiotics; keratoplasty and eye enucleation were also performed.ConclusionsThe study provided insights into the characteristics of FK in tropical regions and emphasized the importance of enhanced surveillance and management strategies.","PeriodicalId":18797,"journal":{"name":"Mycoses","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140838568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel indirect ELISA for serodiagnosis of mucormycosis using antigens from Rhizopus arrhizus.","authors":"Hansraj Choudhary, Harsimran Kaur, Shreya Singh, Rachna Singh, Valliappan Muthu, Roshan Verma, Shivaprakash M Rudramurthy, Ritesh Agarwal, Sanjay Jain, Amanjit Bal, Anup K Ghosh, Arunaloke Chakrabarti","doi":"10.1111/myc.13730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.13730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Due to a delay in diagnosis by conventional techniques and high mortality, the development of a standardised and rapid non-culture-based technique is an unmet need in pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and disseminated forms of mucormycosis. Though limited studies have been conducted for molecular diagnosis, there are no established serologic tests for this highly fatal infection.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop and evaluate an indirect in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) utilising antigens of Rhizopus arrhizus for detecting anti-Rhizopus antibodies (IgG and IgM) in sera of patients with mucormycosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We extracted both secretory and mycelial Rhizopus antigens using standardised protocols. Bradford assay was used for protein quantification. We then standardised an indirect ELISA using R. arrhizus mycelial and secretory antigens (10.0 μg/mL in bicarbonate buffer pH 9.2) for detecting anti-Rhizopus IgG and IgM antibodies in patient sera. We included patients with mucormycosis, other fungal infections, and healthy controls. Antibody index value (E-value) was calculated for each patient sample.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Asparagine broth culture filtrate utilising 85% ammonium sulphate salt fractionation and mycelial homogenate grown in yeast extract peptone dextrose (YPD) broth precipitated with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) yielded a large amount of good-quality protein for the assay. We included 55 patients with mucormycosis (rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis [ROCM, n = 39], pulmonary [n = 15], gastrointestinal [n = 1]), 24 with other fungal infections (probable aspergillosis [n = 14], candidiasis [n = 10]), and healthy controls (n = 16). The sensitivity of the antibody test for diagnosing mucormycosis ranged from 83.6-92.7% for IgG and 72.7-87.3% for IgM, with a specificity of 91.7-92.5% for IgG and 80-82.5% for IgM. The sera from patients with other fungal infections and healthy individuals did not show significant cross-reactivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The detection of anti-Rhizopus IgG antibody performed significantly better in comparison to IgM-based ELISA for diagnosing both ROCM (sensitivity of 84.6% vs. 69.2%) and pulmonary cases (86.6% vs. 80.0%). More extensive studies are required to confirm our findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":18797,"journal":{"name":"Mycoses","volume":"67 5","pages":"e13730"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140867688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to Nd:YAG 1064 nm laser treatment for onychomycosis-Is it really effective? A prospective assessment for efficiency and factors contributing to response.","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/myc.13731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.13731","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18797,"journal":{"name":"Mycoses","volume":"67 5","pages":"e13731"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140891968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifungal activity of aminopyrrolnitrin against Trichophyton verrucosum in a guinea pig model of dermatophytosis.","authors":"Han Gyu Lee, Eun-Yeong Bok, Young-Hun Jung, Tai-Young Hur, Young-Ok Kim, Hee Jeong Kong, Dong-Gyun Kim, Young-Sam Kim, Jae Ku Oem","doi":"10.1111/myc.13748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.13748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dermatophytosis is a common and major public health concern worldwide. Despite the increasing availability of antifungal drugs, relapses and untreated cases of dermatophyte infections are reported. Therefore, novel antifungal agents are required. Aminopyrrolnitrin (APRN) shows promise for dermatophytosis treatment because of its antifungal activity.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to assess the antifungal properties of APRN against Trichophyton verrucosum (T. verrucosum), in both laboratory settings and a guinea pig model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of APRN and enilconazole against T. verrucosum were determined according to the CLSI M38 method. The skins of 16 male guinea pigs were infected with 1.0 × 10⁸ conidia of T. verrucosum and the animals were grouped into sets of four: negative control group (NC) received normal saline; positive control group (PC) received 2 μg/mL of enilconazole; and APRN4 and APRN8 received 4 and 8 μg/mL of APRN, respectively. Clinical, mycological and histological efficacies were measured after 10 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MIC₉₀ of APRN and enilconazole against T. verrucosum was 4 and 2 μg/mL, respectively. The clinical scores of PC, APRN4, and APRN8 were significantly lower than those of NC. Clinical and mycological efficacies were higher for APRN8, APRN4 and PC. No fungi were observed in the skin tissues of APRN4 and APRN8, while fungi were observed in 50% of the PC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>APRN showed antifungal activity against T. verrucosum in vitro and in vivo and is a potential candidate for the treatment of dermatophytosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18797,"journal":{"name":"Mycoses","volume":"67 5","pages":"e13748"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141087861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First detection of triazole-resistant aspergillus fumigatus harbouring the TR34/L98H Cyp51A mutation in Burkina Faso.","authors":"Isidore W Yerbanga, Katrien Lagrou, Rita Merckx, Seydou Nakanabo Diallo, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Aymeric Delabarre, Olivier Denis, Hector Rodriguez-Villalobos, Isabel Montesinos, Sanata Bamba","doi":"10.1111/myc.13732","DOIUrl":"10.1111/myc.13732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Triazole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus (TRAF) isolates are a growing public health problem with worldwide distribution. Epidemiological data on TRAF is limited in Africa, particularly in West Africa.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to screen for the environmental presence of TRAF isolates in the indoor air of two hospitals in Burkina Faso.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Air samples were collected in wards housing patients at risk for invasive aspergillosis, namely infectious diseases ward, internal medicine ward, nephrology ward, pulmonology ward, medical emergency ward and paediatric ward. Sabouraud Dextrose Agar supplemented with triazoles was used to screen the suspected TRAF isolates and EUCAST method to confirm the resistance of suspected isolates. Sequencing of cyp51A gene was used to identify the resistance mechanism of confirmed TRAF isolates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 198 samples collected and analysed, 67 showed growth of A. fumigatus isolates. The prevalence of TRAF isolates was 3.23% (4/124). One TRAF isolate exhibited a pan-triazole resistance. Sequencing of cyp51A gene identified the TR34/L98H mutation for this pan-triazole resistant isolate. This study showed for the first time the circulation of the pan-azole resistant isolate harbouring the TR34/L98H mutation in Burkina Faso.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings emphasise the need to map these TRAF isolates in all parts of Burkina Faso and to establish local and national continuous surveillance of environmental and clinical TRAF isolates in this country.</p>","PeriodicalId":18797,"journal":{"name":"Mycoses","volume":"67 5","pages":"e13732"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140850695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis incidence in newly detected pulmonary tuberculosis cases during follow-up.","authors":"Dhouli Jha, Umesh Kumar, Ved Prakash Meena, Prayas Sethi, Amandeep Singh, Neeraj Nischal, Pankaj Jorwal, Surabhi Vyas, Gagandeep Singh, Immaculata Xess, Urvashi B Singh, Sanjeev Sinha, Anant Mohan, Naveet Wig, Sushil Kumar Kabra, Animesh Ray","doi":"10.1111/myc.13747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.13747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is known to complicate patients with post-tubercular lung disease. However, some evidence suggests that CPA might co-exist in patients with newly-diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis (P.TB) at diagnosis and also develop during therapy. The objective of this study was to confirm the presence of CPA in newly diagnosed P.TB at baseline and at the end-of-TB-therapy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This prospective longitudinal study included newly diagnosed P.TB patients, followed up at third month and end-of-TB-therapy with symptom assessment, anti-Aspergillus IgG antibody and imaging of chest for diagnosing CPA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We recruited 255 patients at baseline out of which 158 (62%) completed their follow-up. Anti-Aspergillus IgG was positive in 11.1% at baseline and 27.8% at end-of-TB-therapy. Overall, proven CPA was diagnosed in 7% at baseline and 14.5% at the end-of-TB-therapy. Around 6% patients had evidence of aspergilloma in CT chest at the end-of-TB-therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CPA can be present in newly diagnosed P.TB patients at diagnosis and also develop during anti-tubercular treatment. Patients with persistent symptoms or developing new symptoms during treatment for P.TB should be evaluated for CPA. Whether patients with concomitant P.TB and CPA, while receiving antitubercular therapy, need additional antifungal therapy, needs to be evaluated in future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18797,"journal":{"name":"Mycoses","volume":"67 5","pages":"e13747"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141087862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of co-existent COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) and its impact on early mortality in patients with COVID-19-associated pulmonary mucormycosis (CAPM).","authors":"Valliappan Muthu, Ritesh Agarwal, Shivaprakash Mandya Rudramurthy, Deepak Thangaraju, Manoj Radhakishan Shevkani, Atul K Patel, Prakash Srinivas Shastri, Ashwini Tayade, Sudhir Bhandari, Vishwanath Gella, Jayanthi Savio, Surabhi Madan, Vinaykumar Hallur, Venkata Nagarjuna Maturu, Arjun Srinivasan, Nandini Sethuraman, Raminder Pal Singh Sibia, Sanjay Pujari, Ravindra Mehta, Tanu Singhal, Puneet Saxena, Varsha Gupta, Vasant Nagvekar, Parikshit Prayag, Dharmesh Patel, Immaculata Xess, Pratik Savaj, Inderpaul Singh Sehgal, Naresh Panda, Gayathri Devi Rajagopal, Riya Sandeep Parwani, Kamlesh Patel, Anuradha Deshmukh, Aruna Vyas, Raghava Rao Gandra, Srinivas Kishore Sistla, Priyadarshini A Padaki, Dharshni Ramar, Manoj Kumar Panigrahi, Saurav Sarkar, Bharani Rachagulla, Pattabhiraman Vallandaramam, Krishna Prabha Premachandran, Sunil Pawar, Piyush Gugale, Pradeep Hosamani, Sunil Narayan Dutt, Satish Nair, Hariprasad Kalpakkam, Sanjiv Badhwar, Kiran Kumar Kompella, Nidhi Singla, Milind Navlakhe, Amrita Prayag, Gagandeep Singh, Poorvesh Dhakecha, Arunaloke Chakrabarti","doi":"10.1111/myc.13745","DOIUrl":"10.1111/myc.13745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Data on mixed mould infection with COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) and COVID-19-associated pulmonary mucormycosis (CAPM) are sparse.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To ascertain the prevalence of co-existent CAPA in CAPM (mixed mould infection) and whether mixed mould infection is associated with early mortality (≤7 days of diagnosis).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analysed the data collected from 25 centres across India on COVID-19-associated mucormycosis. We included only CAPM and excluded subjects with disseminated or rhino-orbital mucormycosis. We defined co-existent CAPA if a respiratory specimen showed septate hyphae on smear, histopathology or culture grew Aspergillus spp. We also compare the demography, predisposing factors, severity of COVID-19, and management of CAPM patients with and without CAPA. Using a case-control design, we assess whether mixed mould infection (primary exposure) were associated with early mortality in CAPM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 105 patients with CAPM. The prevalence of mixed mould infection was 20% (21/105). Patients with mixed mould infection experienced early mortality (9/21 [42.9%] vs. 15/84 [17.9%]; p = 0.02) and poorer survival at 6 weeks (7/21 [33.3] vs. 46/77 [59.7%]; p = 0.03) than CAPM alone. On imaging, consolidation was more commonly encountered with mixed mould infections than CAPM. Co-existent CAPA (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 19.1 [2.62-139.1]) was independently associated with early mortality in CAPM after adjusting for hypoxemia during COVID-19 and other factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Coinfection of CAPA and CAPM was not uncommon in our CAPM patients and portends a worse prognosis. Prospective studies from different countries are required to know the impact of mixed mould infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":18797,"journal":{"name":"Mycoses","volume":"67 5","pages":"e13745"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141065530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innate and adaptive immune responses in subjects with CPA secondary to post-pulmonary tuberculosis lung abnormalities.","authors":"Naresh Kumar Chirumamilla, Kanika Arora, Mandeep Kaur, Ritesh Agarwal, Valliappan Muthu, Amit Rawat, Sahajal Dhooria, Kuruswamy Thurai Prasad, Ashutosh Nath Aggarwal, Shivaprakash M Rudramurthy, Arunaloke Chakrabarti, Hansraj Choudhary, Arnab Pal, Inderpaul Singh Sehgal","doi":"10.1111/myc.13746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.13746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Post-tuberculosis lung abnormality (PTLA) is the most common risk factor for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA), and 14%-25% of the subjects with PTLA develop CPA. The pathogenesis and the host immune response in subjects with PTLA who develop CPA need to be better understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We prospectively compared the innate and adaptive immune responses mounted by patients of PTLA with or without CPA (controls). We studied the neutrophil oxidative burst (by dihydrorhodamine 123 test), classic (serum C3 and C4 levels) and alternative (mannose-binding lectin [MBL] protein levels) complement pathway, serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM and IgA), B and T lymphocytes and their subsets in subjects with PTLA with or without CPA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 111 subjects (58 CPA and 53 controls) in the current study. The mean ± SD age of the study population was 42.6 ± 15.7 years. The cases and controls were matched for age, gender distribution and body weight. Subjects with CPA had impaired neutrophil oxidative burst, lower memory T lymphocytes and impaired Th-1 immune response (lower Th-1 lymphocytes) than controls. We found no significant difference between the two groups in the serum complement levels, MBL levels, B-cell subsets and other T lymphocyte subsets.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Subjects with CPA secondary to PTLA have impaired neutrophil oxidative burst and a lower Th-1 response than controls.</p>","PeriodicalId":18797,"journal":{"name":"Mycoses","volume":"67 5","pages":"e13746"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141065520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}