{"title":"Preliminary exploration on the ectomycorrhizal status of a wild edible <i>Gomphus</i> species from Southwest China.","authors":"Yangyang Geng, Shixin Zhang, Ningxian Yang, Likang Qin","doi":"10.47371/mycosci.2022.12.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47371/mycosci.2022.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A wild edible <i>Gomphus</i> species was discovered at local wild mushroom markets from May to November in Southwest China, where it was eaten for hundreds of years. However, litter information on the taxonomy is available. Whether <i>Gomphus</i> is a saprotrophic, parasitic, or ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungus is unclear. In the present study, field investigation, fungi isolation, optimum medium, morphological description, molecular analyses, and preliminary exploration on mycorrhizal synthesis were carried out. The morphological and molecular analyses showed that the same species between <i>Gomphus</i> <i>matijun</i> and <i>Gomphus</i> sp. (zituoluo) might be the related species of <i>Gomphus purpuraceus</i>. Moreover, the root dry weight and first-lateral root number of inoculated seedlings were significantly enhanced by evaluating <i>Pinus massoniana</i> seedlings inoculated with <i>G. matijun</i>. Meanwhile, the levels of nine phytohormones, including five new phytohormones, in the roots of inoculated seedlings were upregulated. This study explored the mycorrhizal synthesis of the wild edible <i>Gomphus</i> species from Southwest China with <i>P. massoniana</i> Lamb. We concluded that <i>G. matijun</i> might be an ECM fungus. The mycorrhizal synthesis of <i>G. matijun</i> under pure culture conditions provided the basis for the next inoculation under controlled soil conditions, making the conservation and cultivation of <i>G. matijun</i> feasible in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":18780,"journal":{"name":"Mycoscience","volume":"64 2","pages":"83-95"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/49/fb/MYC-64-083.PMC10165173.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9452438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MycosciencePub Date : 2022-12-26eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2022.09.004
Hiroki Sato, Sayaka Ban, Tsuyoshi Hosoya
{"title":"Reassessment of type specimens of <i>Cordyceps</i> and its allies, described by Dr. Yosio Kobayasi and preserved in the mycological herbarium of the National Museum of Nature and Science. Part 4. <i>Cordyceps</i> s. l. on Lepidoptera.","authors":"Hiroki Sato, Sayaka Ban, Tsuyoshi Hosoya","doi":"10.47371/mycosci.2022.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.47371/mycosci.2022.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dr. Kobayasi and Mr. Shimizu described 31 species of <i>Cordyceps</i> infecting <i>Lepidoptera</i>. Holotype specimens of 14 species and two authentic specimens of one of the 31 species were rediscovered from a herbarium of the National Museum of Nature and Science (TNS). Registration numbers (TNS-F-number) were given to these 16 specimens, and one was lectotypified as follows. Holotypes: <i>Metarhizium indigoticum</i> TNS-F-230337; <i>Yosiokobayasia kusanagiensis</i> TNS-F-197994 (<i>Clavicipitaceae</i>); <i>Beauveria hepialidicola</i> (Kobayasi & Shimizu) Hirok. Sato, S. Ban & Hosoya, comb. nov. TNS-F-197986; <i>Cordyceps ampullacea</i> TNS-F-197981, <i>Cordyceps militaris</i> f. <i>alba</i> TNS-F-230340, <i>Cordyceps ochraceostromata</i> TNS-F-195471, and <i>Cordyceps rosea</i> TNS-F-197972 (<i>Cordyceps</i> sensu stricto, <i>Cordycipitaceae</i>); <i>Ophiocordyceps aurantia</i> TNS-F-195485, <i>Ophiocordyceps cochlidiicola</i> TNS-F-195470, and <i>Ophiocordyceps hiugensis</i> TNS-F-197978 (<i>Ophiocordy-cipitaceae</i>); and <i>Cordyceps changpaishanensis</i> TNS-F-195501, <i>Cordyceps ootakiensis</i> TNS-F-197976, <i>Cordyceps shimizui</i> TNS-F-197995, and <i>Cordyceps sulfurea</i> TNS-F-197974 (<i>Cordyceps</i> sensu lato). Lectotype: <i>Cordyceps bulolensis</i> TNS-F-230327 (<i>Cordyceps</i> sensu lato). A new combination <i>Beauveria hepialidicola</i> comb. nov., is proposed for <i>Cordyceps hepialidicola</i> based on morphological observations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18780,"journal":{"name":"Mycoscience","volume":"64 1","pages":"40-46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/46/63/MYC-64-040.PMC10025073.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9443825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"North-to-South diversity of lipomycetaceous yeasts in soils evaluated with a cultivation-based approach from 11 locations in Japan.","authors":"Atsushi Yamazaki, Wanlapa Lorliam, Masataka Uchino, Ken-Ichiro Suzuki, Hiroko Kawasaki","doi":"10.47371/mycosci.2022.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.47371/mycosci.2022.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To understand the species distribution, diversity, and density of lipomycetaceous yeasts in soil based on their north-to-south location in Japan, 1146 strains were isolated from soil samples at 11 locations from Hokkaido to Okinawa Prefecture and taxonomically characterized. Lipomycetaceous yeast strains were isolated efficiently from soil by selecting watery mucoid-like colonies on agar plates with nitrogen-depleted medium. Twenty-four (80%) of the 30 known species of the genus <i>Lipomyces</i> were isolated from the soil samples collected in Japan, including species recently proposed. Among the species isolated, <i>L. starkeyi</i> was the most predominant in Japan, except on Iriomote Island, Okinawa, and accounted for 60-98% of the isolated strains. <i>Lipomyces yarrowii</i> was the dominant species on Iriomote Island (64%). The second most dominant species were <i>L. chichibuensis</i> in Saitama Prefecture and <i>L. doorenjongii</i> from Yamaguchi to Okinawa Prefecture. The species diversity of lipomycetaceous yeasts was in Japan and the significant correlation with the latitude of the sampling sites was revealed.</p>","PeriodicalId":18780,"journal":{"name":"Mycoscience","volume":"64 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1a/33/MYC-64-001.PMC10025075.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9443826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New findings on the fungal species <i>Tricholoma matsutake</i> from Ukraine, and revision of its taxonomy and biogeography based on multilocus phylogenetic analyses.","authors":"Wataru Aoki, Niclas Bergius, Serhii Kozlan, Fuminori Fukuzawa, Hitomi Okuda, Hitoshi Murata, Takahide A Ishida, Lu-Min Vaario, Hisayasu Kobayashi, Erbil Kalmiş, Toshimitsu Fukiharu, Seiki Gisusi, Ken-Ichi Matsushima, Yoshie Terashima, Maki Narimatsu, Norihisa Matsushita, Kang-Hyeon Ka, Fuqiang Yu, Takashi Yamanaka, Masaki Fukuda, Akiyoshi Yamada","doi":"10.47371/mycosci.2022.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.47371/mycosci.2022.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Matsutake mushrooms are among the best-known edible wild mushroom taxa worldwide. The representative <i>Tricholoma matsutake</i> is from East Asia and the northern and central regions of Europe. Here, we report the existence of <i>T. matsutake</i> under fir trees in Eastern Europe (i.e., Ukraine), as confirmed by phylogenetic analysis of nine loci on the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. All specimens from Japan, Bhutan, China, North Korea, South Korea, Sweden, Finland, and Ukraine formed a <i>T. matsutake</i> clade according to the phylogeny of the internal transcribed spacer region. The European population of <i>T. matsutake</i> was clustered based on the β2 tubulin gene, with a moderate bootstrap value. In contrast, based on analyses of three loci, i.e., <i>rpb</i>2, <i>tef</i>1, and the β2 tubulin gene, <i>T. matsutake</i> specimens sampled from Bhutan and China belonged to a clade independent of the other specimens of this species, implying a genetically isolated population. As biologically available type specimens of <i>T. matsutake</i> have not been designated since its description as a new species from Japan in 1925, we established an epitype of this fungus, sampled in a <i>Pinus densiflora</i> forest in Nagano, Japan.</p>","PeriodicalId":18780,"journal":{"name":"Mycoscience","volume":"63 5","pages":"197-214"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4a/d3/MYC-63-197.PMC10033251.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9387572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MycosciencePub Date : 2022-09-20eCollection Date: 2022-01-01DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2022.08.004
Akiyoshi Yamada
{"title":"Cultivation studies of edible ectomycorrhizal mushrooms: successful establishment of ectomycorrhizal associations <i>in vitro</i> and efficient production of fruiting bodies.","authors":"Akiyoshi Yamada","doi":"10.47371/mycosci.2022.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.47371/mycosci.2022.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most edible ectomycorrhizal mushrooms are harvested in forests or controlled tree plantations; examples include truffles, chanterelles, porcinis, saffron milk caps, and matsutake. This study explored recent advances in <i>in vitro</i> ectomycorrhizal cultivation of chanterelles and matsutakes for successful ectomycorrhizal seedling establishment and the subsequent manipulation of these seedlings for efficient fruiting body production. Chanterelle cultivation studies have been limited due to the difficulty of establishing pure cultures. However, once pure cultures were established in the Japanese yellow chanterelle (<i>Cantharellus anzutake</i>), its ectomycorrhizal manipulation produced fruiting bodies under controlled laboratory conditions. As <i>C. anzutake</i> strains have fruited repeatedly under ectomycorrhizal symbiosis with pine and oak seedlings, mating tests for the cross breeding are ongoing issues. As one of the established strains C-23 has full-genome sequence, its application for various type of ectomycorrhizal studies is also expected. By contrast, <i>Tricholoma matsutake</i> fruiting bodies have not yet been produced under controlled conditions, despite successful establishment of ectomycorrhizal seedlings. At present, the shiro structure of ≈1L in volume can be provided in two y incubation with pine hosts under controlled environmental conditions. Therefore, further studies that provides larger shiro on the host root system are desired for the outplantation trial and fruiting.</p>","PeriodicalId":18780,"journal":{"name":"Mycoscience","volume":"63 6","pages":"235-246"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/86/72/MYC-63-236.PMC10043572.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9740631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MycosciencePub Date : 2022-08-11eCollection Date: 2022-01-01DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2022.07.003
Hiyori Itagaki, Tsuyoshi Hosoya
{"title":"<i>Pyrenopeziza orientalipetiolaris</i> sp. nov. in Japan and morphological and genetic comparison with its relevant species <i>P. petiolaris</i> in Europe.","authors":"Hiyori Itagaki, Tsuyoshi Hosoya","doi":"10.47371/mycosci.2022.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.47371/mycosci.2022.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Some Asian fungi are morphologically very similar to European species but belong to different species. A fungus that resembles <i>Pyrenopeziza petiolaris</i>, which commonly occurs on the petioles of <i>Acer pseudoplatanus</i> in Europe, was found on the petioles of <i>Acer</i> spp. and other tree leaves in Japan. The apothecia of this fungus were smaller than those of <i>P. petiolaris</i>, suggesting that it is a different species. To examine this possibility, specimens of this fungus were collected from various hosts in Japan. A detailed morphological examination elucidated that this fungus differed from <i>P. petiolaris</i> in smaller apothecia, marginal cells of the ectal excipulum, and conidia. The ITS sequence difference between this fungus and <i>P. petiolaris</i> was 3.3-4.3%, and they formed distinct clades in the phylogenetic analysis, supporting that they are different species. Consequently, a new species, <i>P. orientalipetiolaris</i> is described. Since an undescribed phialophora-state was observed in the cultures of <i>P. petiolaris</i> for the first time, the morphology under culture is also reported in detail.</p>","PeriodicalId":18780,"journal":{"name":"Mycoscience","volume":"63 5","pages":"181-188"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6b/44/MYC-63-181.PMC10012338.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9756151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of sodium chloride on basidiospore germination and vegetative mycelial growth of the ectomycorrhizal fungus <i>Rhizopogon roseolus</i>.","authors":"Shota Nakano, Qi Gao, Tadanori Aimi, Norihiro Shimomura","doi":"10.47371/mycosci.2022.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.47371/mycosci.2022.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Rhizopogon roseolus</i> is a basidiomycetous ectomycorrhizal fungus that inhabits mainly coastal areas. Understanding the response of this fungus to salinity at each stage of its life cycle will lead to elucidation of the strategies for its propagation. This study examined the effect of sodium chloride (NaCl) on basidiospore germination and mycelial growth of both homokaryotic and heterokaryotic strains of <i>R. roseolus</i>, on nutrient agar media with varying concentrations of NaCl (0, 50, 150, and 300 mM). Regardless of the presence of NaCl, <i>R. roseolus</i> basidiospores germinated and the germlings grew, forming compatible fusions. In addition, all multispore strains, including homokaryons and heterokaryons, grew under these NaCl conditions. Most of these strains had an effective concentration inhibiting mycelial growth by 50% value greater than 300 mM of NaCl. These results indicate that <i>R. roseolus</i> can germinate, grow, and mate in the presence of NaCl, allowing it to propagate in saline habitats.</p>","PeriodicalId":18780,"journal":{"name":"Mycoscience","volume":"63 3","pages":"96-101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/37/a5/MYC-63-096.PMC10042318.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9387052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MycosciencePub Date : 2022-01-20eCollection Date: 2022-01-01DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2021.11.002
Keisuke Obase
{"title":"Morphological characteristics of ectomycorrhizas formed by <i>in vitro</i> synthesis between conifer seedlings and <i>Tuber</i> mycelial strains of the Puberulum clade isolated in Japan.","authors":"Keisuke Obase","doi":"10.47371/mycosci.2021.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.47371/mycosci.2021.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seedlings of <i>Pinus densiflora</i> and <i>Abies sachalinensis</i> were inoculated with <i>Tuber</i> mycelial strains of the Puberulum clade <i>in vitro</i> to examine the morphological characteristics of their ectomycorrhizas. Axenically germinated seedlings were inoculated with the mycelia of five taxa from the Puberulum clade and grown in glass jars for 4 mo in an illuminated incubator. The seedlings were successfully colonized by the inoculated <i>Tuber</i> strains, as confirmed by the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer barcoding of the synthesized ectomycorrhizas. The ectomycorrhizas were characterized by a pale yellow to brown color, short needle-shaped cystidia, and net-like hyphal arrangement, and epidermoid cells on the mantle surface; notably, these features are similar to the ectomycorrhizas of various Puberulum clade members. As the ectomycorrhizas of different <i>Tuber</i> species are indistinguishable by morphological characters, molecular techniques are necessary to identify ectomycorrhizas formed by <i>Tuber</i> species within the Puberulum clade.</p>","PeriodicalId":18780,"journal":{"name":"Mycoscience","volume":"63 1","pages":"39-44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d4/4b/MYC-63-039.PMC10045830.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9742127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MycosciencePub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2022.01.003
Junta Sugiyama, Tsuyoshi Hosoya
{"title":"<i>Euantennaria pleioblasti</i> sp. nov. (<i>Euantennariaceae</i>) and <i>Metacapnodium</i> cf. <i>quinqueseptatum</i> (<i>Metacapnodiaceae</i>), two mixed sooty moulds in subicula on <i>Pleioblastus</i> sp. in Taiwan.","authors":"Junta Sugiyama, Tsuyoshi Hosoya","doi":"10.47371/mycosci.2022.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47371/mycosci.2022.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Black subicula, comprising a mixture of two sooty moulds of <i>Euantennariaceae</i> and <i>Metacapnodiaceae</i>, on <i>Pleioblastus</i> were collected in Batongguan, alt. ca. 2800 m, Nantou County, Taiwan in 1984. The former sooty mould is described and illustrated as <i>Euantennaria pleioblasti</i> sp. nov., an asexually typified species of the genus, as currently circumscribed with the application of the single name nomenclature for pleomorphic fungi. It is characterized by cylindrical, finely to coarsely roughened hyphae and black synnemata bearing massive fusiform, straight, mostly 11-14-septate phragmoconidia in a subglobose to obovoid head; its reliable sexual morph is obscure. The latter was identified as <i>Metacapnodium</i> cf. <i>quinqueseptatum</i>. It features the capnobotrys- and capnophialophora-like asexual morphs, in addition to the sexual morph with 5-7-septate ascospores. These sooty mould taxa are newly added to the mycobiota of Taiwan.</p>","PeriodicalId":18780,"journal":{"name":"Mycoscience","volume":"63 2","pages":"58-64"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d5/a2/MYC-63-058.PMC9999086.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9388706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}