Mycologia最新文献

{"title":"Molecular insights into fungal diversity reveal three novel species of <i>Leucocoprinus</i> from southern Punjab, Pakistan.","authors":"Muhammad Asif, Malka Saba, Mubashar Raza, Else C Vellinga","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2351769","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2351769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three novel species of the genus <i>Leucocoprinus</i>, named <i>Lc. cinnamomeodiscus, Lc. dahranwalanus</i>, and <i>Lc. iqbalii</i>, are described from unexplored regions of southern Punjab, Pakistan, based on comprehensive analyses of morphoanatomical characteristics and molecular phylogenetic data. We provide illustrations of freshly collected basidiomata and detailed line drawings highlighting key anatomical features. The molecular phylogenetic analyses, which are based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and combined ITS-28S sequences, consistently position these newly described species within the genus <i>Leucocoprinus</i>. Additionally, this study also introduces new taxonomic combinations for previously reported <i>Leucoagaricus</i> species.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"601-620"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141284247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Divergent <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> corn population is composed of prolific conidium producers: Implications for saprophytic disease cycle.","authors":"Rebecca R Sweany, Brian M Mack, Solomon T Gebru, Mark K Mammel, Jeffrey W Cary, Geromy G Moore, Matthew D Lebar, Carol H Carter-Wientjes, Matthew K Gilbert","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2343645","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2343645","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ascomycete fungus <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> infects and contaminates corn, peanuts, cottonseed, and tree nuts with toxic and carcinogenic aflatoxins. Subdivision between soil and host plant populations suggests that certain <i>A. flavus</i> strains are specialized to infect peanut, cotton, and corn despite having a broad host range. In this study, the ability of strains isolated from corn and/or soil in 11 Louisiana fields to produce conidia (field inoculum and male gamete) and sclerotia (resting bodies and female gamete) was assessed and compared with genotypic single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) differences between whole genomes. Corn strains produced upward of 47× more conidia than strains restricted to soil. Conversely, corn strains produced as much as 3000× fewer sclerotia than soil strains. <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> strains, typified by sclerotium diameter (small S-strains, <400 μm; large L-strains, >400 μm), belonged to separate clades. Several strains produced a mixture (M) of S and L sclerotia, and an intermediate number of conidia and sclerotia, compared with typical S-strains (minimal conidia, copious sclerotia) and L-strains (copious conidia, minimal sclerotia). They also belonged to a unique phylogenetic mixed (M) clade. Migration from soil to corn positively correlated with conidium production and negatively correlated with sclerotium production. Genetic differences correlated with differences in conidium and sclerotium production. Opposite skews in female (sclerotia) or male (conidia) gametic production by soil or corn strains, respectively, resulted in reduced effective breeding population sizes when comparing male:female gamete ratio with mating type distribution. Combining both soil and corn populations increased the effective breeding population, presumably due to contribution of male gametes from corn, which fertilize sclerotia on the soil surface. Incongruencies between aflatoxin clusters, strain morphotype designation, and whole genome phylogenies suggest a history of sexual reproduction within this Louisiana population, demonstrating the importance of conidium production, as infectious propagules and as fertilizers of the <i>A. flavus</i> soil population.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"536-557"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140899106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical characterization of purified phytase produced from <i>Aspergillus awamori</i> AFE1 associated with the gastrointestinal tract of longhorn beetle (<i>Cerambycidae latreille</i>).","authors":"Olusola T Lawal, Christian Onuegbu, Ayoola E Afe, Isaac A Olopoda, Festus O Igbe, Funmillayo M Ojo, David M Sanni","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2350337","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2350337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The need for industrially and biotechnologically significant enzymes, such as phytase, is expanding daily as a result of the increased use of these enzymes in a variety of operations, including the manufacture of food, animal feed, and poultry feed. This study sought to characterize purified phytase from <i>A. awamori</i> AFE1 isolated from longhorn beetle for its prospect in industrial applications. Ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, and gel-filtration chromatography were used to purify the crude enzyme obtained from submerged fermentation using phytase-producing media, and its physicochemical characteristics were examined. The homogenous 46.8-kDa phytase showed an 8.1-fold purification and 40.7% recovery. At 70 C and pH 7, the optimum phytase activity was noted. At acidic pH 4-6 and alkaline pH 8-10, it likewise demonstrated relative activity of 88-95% and 67-88%, respectively. It showed 67-70% residual activity between 30 and 70 C after 40 min, and 68-94% residual activity between pH 2 and 12 after 2 h. The presence of Hg⁺, Mg²⁺, and Al³⁺ significantly decreased the enzymatic activity, whereas Ca²⁺ and Cu²⁺ enhanced it. Ascorbic acid increased the activity of the purified enzyme, whereas ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and mercaptoethanol inhibited it. The calculated values for K_m and V_max were 55.4 mM and1.99 μmol/min/mL respectively. <i>A. awamori</i> phytase, which was isolated from a new source, showed unique and remarkable qualities that may find use in industrial operations such as feed pelleting and food processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"477-486"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141184205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In memoriam: Lorelei Louise Norvell, September 6, 1943-August 4, 2023.","authors":"Joe Ammirati, Scott A Redhead","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2341442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2024.2341442","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Austropuccinia licaniae</i>, first congeneric with the myrtle rust pathogen <i>A. psidii</i>.","authors":"Malte Ebinghaus, Luadir Gasparotto, João M T Martins, Maria D M Dos Santos, Dauri J Tessman, Karine B Barros-Cordeiro, Danilo B Pinho, José C Dianese","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2322903","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2322903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 1895 and 2001, rust fungi affecting <i>Licania</i> trees (Chrysobalanchaceae) in Brazil were described as <i>Uredo licaniae</i> by Hennings in the state of Goiás and as <i>Phakopsora tomentosae</i> by Ferreira et al. in the state of Amazonas, respectively. Recently, a <i>Licania</i> rust fungus collected close to the Amazonian type location sharing symptoms with the former two species was subjected to morphological examinations and molecular phylogenetic analyses using 28S nuc rDNA (ITS2-28S) and cytochrome <i>c</i> oxidase subunit III (CO3) gene sequences. Since the original type specimen of <i>Ph. tomentosae</i> is considered lost, we carefully reviewed the type description and questioned the identity of the telium, which justified the description of the fungus as a <i>Phakopsora</i> species. Furthermore, the additional revision of the type material described by Hennings revealed that <i>Ph. tomentosae</i> is a synonym of <i>U. licaniae</i>. Based on the morphological examinations, disease symptoms, and shared hosts, we concluded that the newly collected material is conspecific with <i>U. licaniae</i>. However, the phylogenetic analyses rejected allocation in <i>Phakopsora</i> and instead assigned the <i>Licania</i> rust fungus in a sister relationship with <i>Austropuccinia psidii</i> (Sphaerophragmiaceae), the causal agent of the globally invasive myrtle rust pathogen. We therefore favored a recombination of <i>U. licaniae</i> (syn. <i>Ph. tomentosae</i>) into <i>Austropuccinia</i> and proposed the new name <i>Austropuccina licaniae</i> for the second species now identified for this genus. The fungus shares conspicuous symptoms with <i>A. psidii</i>, causing often severe infections of growing leaves and shoots that lead to leaf necrosis, leaf shedding, and eventually to the dieback of entire shoots. In view of the very similar symptoms of its aggressively invasive sister species, we briefly discuss the current state of knowledge about <i>A. licaniae</i> and the potential risks, and the opportunity of its identification.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"418-430"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140288559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of oil contaminants on antioxidant responses and antioxidant properties of <i>Pleurotus florida</i> (P. Kumm).","authors":"Farzaneh Roshandel, Sara Saadatmand, Alireza Iranbakhsh, Zahra Oraghi Ardebili","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2324250","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2324250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research investigated the antioxidant responses of <i>Pleurotus florida</i> at different concentrations of gas oil [0% (control), 2.5%, 5%, and 10% (<i>v:v</i>)] for 30 days. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes decreased in responses to the gas oil presence by an average of 83% and 49%, respectively. In contrast, the activities of the ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes displayed an upward trend in the groups cultured in oil-contaminated media. The gas oil contaminant increased total phenol and flavonoid accumulation, reflecting the variation in secondary metabolism. According to the 1,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, the 2.5% gas oil treatment resulted in the highest antioxidant activity (48 μg mL^-1). The highest scavenging activity of nitric oxide radicals (IC₅₀ = 272 μg mL^-1) was observed in the treatment with the highest gas oil concentration (10%). Also, this treatment showed an excellent ability to chelate Fe⁺² ions (IC₅₀ = 205 μg mL^-1). The IC₅₀ values of methanolic extract for nitric oxide scavenging activity and metal chelating ability were significantly reduced by increasing gas oil concentration in the treatments. With increasing the gas oil concentration, malondialdehyde content as a criterion measure of lipid peroxidation level showed significant reduction. These results show that <i>P. florida</i> is resistant to and a compatible mushroom with oil pollutants. Also, the activity of glutathione peroxidase and the ascorbate-glutathione cycle detoxify nitric oxide radicals and products of reactive oxygen species-induced lipid peroxidation in the gas oil treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"370-380"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140318745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A revised phylogeny of Boletaceae using whole genome sequences.","authors":"Keaton Tremble, Terry Henkel, Alexander Bradshaw, Colin Domnauer, Lyda M Brown, Lê Xuân Thám, Guliana Furci, M Catherine Aime, Jean-Marc Moncalvo, Bryn Dentinger","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2314963","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2314963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The porcini mushroom family Boletaceae is a diverse, widespread group of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) mushroom-forming fungi that so far has eluded intrafamilial phylogenetic resolution based on morphology and multilocus data sets. In this study, we present a genome-wide molecular data set of 1764 single-copy gene families from a global sampling of 418 Boletaceae specimens. The resulting phylogenetic analysis has strong statistical support for most branches of the tree, including the first statistically robust backbone. The enigmatic <i>Phylloboletellus chloephorus</i> from non-ECM Argentinian subtropical forests was recovered as a new subfamily sister to the core Boletaceae. Time-calibrated branch lengths estimate that the family first arose in the early to mid-Cretaceous and underwent a rapid radiation in the Eocene, possibly when the ECM nutritional mode arose with the emergence and diversification of ECM angiosperms. Biogeographic reconstructions reveal a complex history of vicariance and episodic long-distance dispersal correlated with historical geologic events, including Gondwanan origins and inferred vicariance associated with its disarticulation. Together, this study represents the most comprehensively sampled, data-rich molecular phylogeny of the Boletaceae to date, establishing a foundation for future robust inferences of biogeography in the group.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"392-408"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140318744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteomic characterization of <i>Pseudogymnoascus</i> spp. isolates from polar and temperate regions.","authors":"Nurlizah Abu Bakar, Benjamin Lau Yii Chung, Jerzy Smykla, Saiful Anuar Karsani, Siti Aisyah Alias","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2313429","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2313429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Proteomics has been used extensively in the field of mycology, mainly in trying to understand the complex network of protein-protein interactions that has been implicated in the molecular functions of fungi. It is also a useful tool to compare metabolic differences within a genus. Species of <i>Pseudogymnoascus</i>, a genus under the phyla Ascomycota, have been shown to play an important role in the soil environment. They have been found in both polar and temperate regions and are a known producer of many extracellular hydrolases that contribute to soil decomposition. Despite the apparent importance of <i>Pseudogymnoascus</i> spp. in the soil ecosystem, investigations into their molecular functions are still very limited. In the present study, proteomic characterization of six <i>Pseudogymnoascus</i> spp. isolated from three biogeographic regions (the Arctic, Antarctic, and temperate regions) was carried out using tandem mass spectrometry. Prior to proteomic analysis, the optimization for protein extraction was carried out. Trichloroacetic acid‑acetone‑phenol was found to be the best extraction method to be used for proteomic profiling of <i>Pseudogymnoascus</i> spp. The proteomic analysis identified 2003 proteins that were successfully mapped to the UniProtKB database. The identified proteins were clustered according to their biological processes and molecular functions. The shared proteins found in all <i>Pseudogymnoascus</i> spp. (1201 proteins) showed a significantly close relationship in their basic cellular functions, despite differences in morphological structures. Analysis of <i>Pseudogymnoascus</i> spp. proteome also identified proteins that were unique to each region. However, a high number of these proteins belonged to protein families of similar molecular functions, namely, transferases and hydrolases. Our proteomic data can be used as a reference for <i>Pseudogymnoascus</i> spp. across different global regions and a foundation for future soil ecosystem function research.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"449-463"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140131921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triple quadrupole liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-mediated evaluation of vitamin D₂ accumulation potential, antioxidant capacities, and total polyphenol content of white jelly mushroom (<i>Tremella fuciformis</i> Berk.).","authors":"Marium Begum, Ratul Saikia, Siddhartha Proteem Saikia","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2313435","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2313435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Tremella fuciformis</i> Berk. (<i>TF</i>), or the white jelly mushroom, is well known for its myriad of pharmacological properties, such as immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antitumor, and antioxidant activities, and hypocholesterolemic and hepatoprotective effects that boost human health. Most of the studies of <i>TF</i> are concentrated on its polysaccharide (glucuronoxylomannan) composition, which is responsible for its pharmacological as well as rheological properties. It is well established that mushrooms are a great source of dietary vitamin D due to the presence of ergosterol in their cell membrane. There is a lack of published data on <i>TF</i> as a source of vitamin D₂. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the vitamin D₂ composition of the fruiting bodies of <i>TF</i> using triple quadrupole liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/QQQ). The results showed highest vitamin D₂ content (292.02 µg/g dry weight) in the sample irradiated with ultraviolet B (UVB; 310 nm) for 180 min as compared with the control group (52.47 µg/g dry weight) (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.001). The results showed higher accumulation potential of vitamin D₂ in <i>TF</i> as compared with published data available for other extensively studied culinary mushrooms, such as <i>Agaricus bisporus, Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Cordiceps militaris</i>, and <i>Calocybe indica</i>. Moreover, the impact of UV treatment on antioxidant capacities and total polyphenol content of <i>TF</i> was also studied. The accumulation potential of vitamin D in <i>TF</i> reveals a novel commercial source for this nutrient.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"464-474"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140137033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2342752","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2342752","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":"116 3","pages":"475"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140852228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}