Mycologia最新文献

{"title":"Diversity of <i>Colletotrichum</i> species associated with torch ginger anthracnose.","authors":"Ingrid Gomes Duarte, Ana Gabriele Gurgel Amaral, Willie Anderson Dos Santos Vieira, Josiene Silva Veloso, Anthony Carlos da Silva, Christiana de Fátima Bruce da Silva, Valdir de Queiroz Balbino, Lisa A Castlebury, Marcos Paz Saraiva Câmara","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2023.2227747","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2023.2227747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anthracnose caused by <i>Colletotrichum</i> species is one of the most important diseases of torch ginger. The disease leads to loss of aesthetic and commercial value of torch ginger stems. This study aimed to characterize <i>Colletotrichum</i> species associated with torch ginger anthracnose in the production areas of Pernambuco and Ceará. A total of 48 <i>Colletotrichum</i> isolates were identified using molecular techniques. Pathogenicity tests were performed on torch ginger with representative isolates. Phylogenetic analyses based on seven loci-DNA lyase (<i>APN</i>2), intergenic spacer between DNA lyase and the mating-type locus <i>MAT1-2-1</i> (<i>APN</i>2/<i>MAT</i>-IGS), calmodulin (<i>CAL</i>), intergenic spacer between glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (<i>GAPDH</i>) and a hypothetical protein (<i>GAP</i>2-IGS), glutamine synthetase (<i>GS</i>), and β-tubulin (<i>TUB</i>2)-revealed that they belong to five known <i>Colletotrichum</i> species, namely, <i>C. chrysophilum, C. fructicola, C. siamense, C. theobromicola</i>, and <i>C. tropicale</i>, and three newly discovered species, described here as <i>C. atlanticum, C. floscerae</i>, and <i>C. zingibericola</i>. Of these, <i>C. atlanticum</i> was the most dominant. Pathogenicity assays showed that all isolates were pathogenic to torch ginger bracts. All species are reported for the first time associated with torch ginger in Brazil. The present study contributes to the current understanding of the diversity of <i>Colletotrichum</i> species associated with anthracnose on torch ginger and demonstrates the importance of accurate species identification for effective disease management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10575184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Larger presence of ectomycorrhizae detected from pygmy pine ecotype in the fire-frequent pine barrens ecosystem.","authors":"Jing Luo, Emily Walsh, Glen Groben, Brandon Justiniano, Ning Zhang","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2023.2234269","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2023.2234269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pine barrens ecosystem has acidic, sandy, and nutrient-poor soil and is prone to drought and fire. In the New Jersey Pine Barrens, the predominant pitch pine (<i>Pinus rigida</i>) consists of two ecotypes: the regular pitch pines with heights of 4.6-12 m, and the pygmy pines of low stature (1.2-1.8 m) in the New Jersey Pine Plains. Previous ecological studies suggested that the dwarf pines in the Pine Plains that are embedded within the Pine Barrens were an evolutionary adaptation to frequent fire. Pines are obligate ectomycorrhizal (EcM) mutualists, and their root mycobiota may contribute to stress protection and plant health. However, information on the mycobiota associated with plants in the pine barrens ecosystem is lacking. To have a holistic understanding of the evolution and adaptation in this stressed environment, we used both culture-independent metabarcoding and culture-based method to characterize the mycobiota from soil and root of the two ecotypes and to identify core mycobiota. We found that Agaricomycetes, Leotiomycetes, and Mucoromycotina are predominant fungi in the New Jersey Pine Barrens ecosystem, which is rich in root mutualistic fungi. We observed that the pygmy pine roots had significantly higher density of EcM tips than the regular pine roots. This was corroborated by our metabarcoding analysis, which showed that the pygmy pine trees had higher ratio of ectomycorrhiza-forming fungi than the regular-statured pines. We hypothesize that symbiotrophic EcM fungi associated with pygmy pines are capable of mitigating high fire stress in the Pine Plains.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10199699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of basidiocarp growth in oak mazegill (<i>Daedalea quercina</i>, Polyporales) revealed by experimental and natural perturbations.","authors":"Bjarke Jensen","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2023.2227553","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2023.2227553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Polyporales, the pore field immediately behind the basidiocarp margin may configure the hymenophore. Basidiocarp growth is not restricted to the margin, however. Here, the importance of the pore field was assessed from two years' of observations on naturally occurring oak mazegill (<i>Daedalea quercina</i>, Polyporales) basidiocarps and tested by experimental perturbations in natural habitats. Oak mazegill was chosen because the formed hymenophore has a unique and stable combination of poroid and lamellate features. Whether the pore field is required for basidiocarp growth was tested in 10 basidiocarps in which one side was resected. New growth was observed in six basidiocarps, and it occurred equally from the cut hymenophore and the intact pore field. New formation of hymenophore and pileus even occurred in seven out of 10 basidiocarps that had the entire pore field resected. Whether the hymenophore is configured permanently was tested on 54 basidiocarps on 10 trunks that were turned upside down. A new hymenophore grew through the old pileus, often far from the pore field, and its hymenophore configuration was invariably poroid despite the old hymenophore had lamellate features. In 48 experimentally banded basidiocarps, new hymenophore grew in the insertion hole of the band despite this being far from the pore field. The banded basidiocarps grew at an average rate of 5 mm per year. In conclusion, the capacity to configure the hymenophore is not confined to the pore field and it could be broadly present in the basidiocarp, possibly due to ubiquitous hyphal totipotency.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10208717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungicolous <i>Mucor</i> on mushrooms: One novel species and six host records from southwest China and northern Thailand.","authors":"Achala J Gajanayake, Samantha C Karunarathna, Ruvishika S Jayawardena, Thatsanee Luangharn, Abhaya Balasuriya","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2023.2220166","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2023.2220166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Mucor</i> species are a group of common soil-borne fungi, known to cause infections on humans and animals, interfere in food production, and act as useful agents in biotechnological applications. This study reports one new <i>Mucor</i> species, <i>M. yunnanensis</i>, which was found to be fungicolous on an <i>Armillaria</i> sp. from southwest China. Further, <i>M. circinelloides</i> on <i>Phlebopus</i> sp., <i>M. hiemalis</i> on <i>Ramaria</i> sp. and <i>Boletus</i> sp., <i>M. irregularis</i> on <i>Pleurotus</i> sp., <i>M. nederlandicus</i> on <i>Russula</i> sp., and <i>M. yunnanensis</i> on <i>Boletus</i> sp. are reported as new host records. <i>Mucor yunnanensis</i> and <i>M. hiemalis</i> have been collected from Yunnan Province in China, whereas <i>M. circinelloides, M. irregularis</i>, and <i>M. nederlandicus</i> have been collected from Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai Provinces in Thailand. All the <i>Mucor</i> taxa reported herein were identified based on both morphology and phylogenetic analyses of a combined nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) and partial nuc 28S rDNA (28S) sequence matrix. Comprehensive descriptions, illustrations, and a phylogenetic tree are provided for all the taxa reported in the study to show the placements of taxa, and the new taxon is compared with its sister taxa.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10558818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A contribution to the knowledge of the genus <i>Infundibulicybe</i> (Tricholomatineae, Agaricales) in China: Two new species and five redescribed taxa.","authors":"Zheng-Mi He, Zhu L Yang","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2023.2226893","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2023.2226893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In China, species of the genus <i>Infundibulicybe</i> are often confused with other taxa and misdetermined. Here we describe two newly discovered species, <i>I. bispora</i> and <i>I. ellipsospora</i>, and redescribe five known taxa of this genus present in China. These identifications are supported by both morphological and DNA-based phylogenetic evidence. Additionally, a key to all known species of <i>Infundibulicybe</i> is provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10208720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seeing double on <i>Cannabis</i>: Haploids and heteroploids of <i>Bipolaris gigantea</i> on hemp and other dicots.","authors":"Desiree Szarka, Nicole A Gauthier, Mostafa Rahnama, Christopher L Schardl","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2023.2224699","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2023.2224699","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Bipolaris gigantea</i> (= <i>Drechslera gigantea</i>) causes Bipolaris leaf spot (BLS), a devastating and widespread disease on industrial hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i>). An investigation of relationships of isolates from hemp and other plants indicated variation in ploidy that has not previously been reported for <i>Bipolaris</i>. Isolates were obtained from BLS lesions on hemp and nearby weeds in 11 Kentucky counties and were similar to each other in morphology and growth characteristics. In total, 23 isolates were analyzed by multilocus phylogenetics, of which seven were also chosen for whole genome shotgun sequencing. Genes for RNA polymerase II subunit 2 (<i>RPB2</i>), translation elongation factor 1-α (<i>TEF1</i>), and mating type (<i>MAT1</i>) indicated that 13 of the isolates were haploid with only a single allele each of <i>RPB2</i> and <i>TEF1</i> and either the <i>MAT1-1</i> or <i>MAT1-2</i> idiomorph, whereas 10 were apparently \"heteroploid\" with two alleles each of <i>RPB2</i> and <i>TEF1</i> and both <i>MAT1</i> idiomorphs. Haploids all had identical <i>RPB2</i> alleles except for a 1-bp difference in two isolates, identical <i>TEF1</i> alleles, and (if present) identical <i>MAT1-2</i> alleles. Those alleles were also present in each heteroploid along with either of two related but distinct alleles for each gene. In contrast, haploids and heteroploids shared allelic variation of <i>MAT1-1</i>. In total, four haploid and two heteroploid genotypes were identified. Genome sequence data assembled to 30-32 Mb for each of four haploid isolates, but 10-31 Mb larger sizes for each of three heteroploids depending on sequencing platform and assembly program. The haploids and heteroploids caused similar disease on hemp.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10207345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Five new species of <i>Gloeandromyces</i> (Fungi, Laboulbeniales) from tropical American bat flies (Diptera, Streblidae), revealed by morphology and phylogenetic reconstruction.","authors":"Warre Van Caenegem, Aimée Blondelle, Iris Dumolein, Brianna Santamaria, Carl W Dick, Thomas Hiller, Jingyu Liu, C Alisha Quandt, Rosa V Villarreal Saucedo, Annemieke Verbeken, Danny Haelewaters","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2023.2230114","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2023.2230114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper describes and illustrates five new species of <i>Gloeandromyces</i> (Ascomycota, Laboulbeniales) associated with tropical American bat flies (Diptera, Streblidae). These are <i>Gloeandromyces cusucoensis</i> sp. nov. from <i>Trichobius uniformis</i> in Costa Rica and Honduras, <i>G. diversiformis</i> sp. nov. from <i>Strebla wiedemanni</i> in Costa Rica, <i>G. plesiosaurus</i> sp. nov. from <i>Trichobius yunkeri</i> in Panama, <i>G. pseudodickii</i> sp. nov. from <i>Trichobius longipes</i> in Ecuador and Panama, and <i>G. verbekeniae</i> sp. nov. from <i>Strebla galindoi</i> in Ecuador and Panama. The description of these five species doubles the number of known species in the genus. Morphological characteristics, host association, and a three-locus (18S nuc rDNA, 28S nuc rDNA, <i>TEF1</i>) phylogenetic reconstruction support placement of these taxa in the genus <i>Gloeandromyces</i>. Three of the new species are polymorphic; they have multiple morphotypes that grow in specific positions on the host integument: <i>G. diversiformis</i> f. <i>diversiformis</i>, f. <i>musiformis</i>, and f. <i>vanillicarpiformis; G. plesiosaurus</i> f. <i>asymmetricus</i> and f. <i>plesiosaurus</i>; and <i>G. verbekeniae</i> f. <i>verbekeniae</i> and f. <i>inflexus</i>. Finally, a dichotomous key to all species and morphotypes is presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10209840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential carbohydrate-active enzymes and secondary metabolite production by the grapevine trunk pathogen <i>Neofusicoccum parvum</i> Bt-67 grown on host and non-host biomass.","authors":"Julián D Restrepo-Leal, Marie Belair, Jochen Fischer, Nicolas Richet, Florence Fontaine, Caroline Rémond, Olivier Fernandez, Ludovic Besaury","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2023.2216122","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2023.2216122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Neofusicoccum parvum</i> is one of the most aggressive Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with grapevine trunk diseases. This species may secrete enzymes capable of overcoming the plant barriers, leading to wood colonization. In addition to their roles in pathogenicity, there is an interest in taking advantage of <i>N. parvum</i> carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), related to plant cell wall degradation, for lignocellulose biorefining. Furthermore, <i>N. parvum</i> produces toxic secondary metabolites that may contribute to its virulence. In order to increase knowledge on the mechanisms underlying pathogenicity and virulence, as well as the exploration of its metabolism and CAZymes for lignocellulose biorefining, we evaluated the <i>N. parvum</i> strain Bt-67 capacity in producing lignocellulolytic enzymes and secondary metabolites when grown in vitro with two lignocellulosic biomasses: grapevine canes (GP) and wheat straw (WS). For this purpose, a multiphasic study combining enzymology, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses was performed. Enzyme assays showed higher xylanase, xylosidase, arabinofuranosidase, and glucosidase activities when the fungus was grown with WS. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the lignocellulosic biomass degradation caused by the secreted enzymes. Transcriptomics indicated that the <i>N. parvum</i> Bt-67 gene expression profiles in the presence of both biomasses were similar. In total, 134 genes coding CAZymes were up-regulated, where 94 of them were expressed in both biomass growth conditions. Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs), glucosidases, and endoglucanases were the most represented CAZymes and correlated with the enzymatic activities obtained. The secondary metabolite production, analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet/visible spectophotometry-mass spectrometry (HPLC-UV/Vis-MS), was variable depending on the carbon source. The diversity of differentially produced metabolites was higher when <i>N. parvum</i> Bt-67 was grown with GP. Overall, these results provide insight into the influence of lignocellulosic biomass on virulence factor expressions. Moreover, this study opens the possibility of optimizing the enzyme production from <i>N. parvum</i> with potential use for lignocellulose biorefining.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10557865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using fimbrin to quantify the endocytic subapical collar during polarized growth in three filamentous fungi.","authors":"Joseph G Vasselli,&nbsp;Ellen Kainer,&nbsp;Brian D Shaw","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2023.2202689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2023.2202689","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Filamentous fungi produce specialized cells called hyphae. These cells grow by polarized extension at their apex, which is maintained by the balance of endocytosis and exocytosis at the apex. Although endocytosis has been well characterized in other organisms, the details of endocytosis and its role in maintaining polarity during hyphal growth in filamentous fungi is comparatively sparsely studied. In recent years, a concentrated region of protein activity that trails the growing apex of hyphal cells has been discovered. This region, dubbed the “endocytic collar” (EC), is a dynamic 3-dimensional region of concentrated endocytic activity, the disruption of which results in the loss of hyphal polarity. Here, fluorescent protein–tagged fimbrin was used as a marker to map the collar during growth of hyphae in three fungi: Aspergillus nidulans, Colletotrichum graminicola, and Neurospora crassa. Advanced microscopy techniques and novel quantification strategies were then utilized to quantify the spatiotemporal localization and recovery rates of fimbrin in the EC during hyphal growth. Correlating these variables with hyphal growth rate revealed that the strongest observed relationship with hyphal growth is the distance by which the EC trails the apex, and that measured endocytic rate does not correlate strongly with hyphal growth rate. This supports the hypothesis that endocytic influence on hyphal growth rate is better explained by spatiotemporal regulation of the EC than by the raw rate of endocytosis.","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9682334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population structure and genetic diversity of <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> from southwestern Russia and the Russian Far East as compared with northern Europe and North America.","authors":"Tapani Yli-Mattila,&nbsp;Joseph Opoku,&nbsp;Todd J Ward","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2023.2198927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2023.2198927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genetic variation at variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) markers was used to assess population structure and diversity among 296 <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> isolates from northern Europe (Finland, northwestern Russia, and Norway), southern Europe (southwestern and western Russia), and Asia (Siberia and the Russian Far East). We identified at least two highly differentiated and geographically structured genetic populations (E1 and E2) in Eurasia (Φ_PT = 0.35). Isolates from northern Europe were almost exclusively from the E1 population (95.6%) and had the 3ADON (3-acetyldeoxynivalenol) trichothecene genotype (97.3%). In contrast, all isolates from southern Europe were from the E2 population and 94.4% had the 15ADON (15-acetyldeoxynivalenol) genotype. The E2 population also predominated in the Asian sampling locations (92.7%) where 3ADON and 15ADON genotypes occurred at nearly equal frequencies. Southern European isolates were more closely related to those from Asia (Φ_PT= 0.06) than to geographically closer populations from northern Europe (Φ_PT ≥ 0.31). Northern European populations also harbored substantially less genetic diversity (<i>Ne</i> ≤ 2.1) than populations in southern Europe or Asia (<i>Ne</i> ≥ 3.4), indicative of a selective sweep or recent introduction and subsequent range expansion in northern Europe. Bayesian analyses incorporating previously described genetic populations from North America (NA1 and NA2) surprisingly identified NA2 and E2 as a single genetic population, consistent with hypotheses of a recent Eurasian origin for NA2. Additionally, more than 10% of the isolates from Asia and southern Europe were assigned to the NA1 population, indicating recent introductions of NA1 into parts of Eurasia. Collectively, these results demonstrate that there are at least three genetic populations of <i>F. graminearum</i> in the Northern Hemisphere and indicate that population-level diversity in Eurasia and North America has been shaped by recent transcontinental introductions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9689207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}