Molecular Biology Reports最新文献

{"title":"Conservation genetics of a freshwater turtle (Trachemys hartwegi) in a threatened riverine ecosystem.","authors":"Ernesto Becerra, Bruno Rodríguez López, Miguel Borja, Yessica Rico","doi":"10.1007/s11033-025-10858-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11033-025-10858-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Freshwater ecosystems face unprecedented degradation due to habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change, necessitating urgent conservation actions to protect vulnerable freshwater species. Freshwater turtles are among the most threatened vertebrates globally, with their survival constrained by thermal sensitivity and aquatic habitat requirements. The Mexican Plateau Slider (Trachemys hartwegi) is a vulnerable freshwater turtle restricted to riverine areas in the arid regions of northern Mexico, which faces critical threats from habitat loss, fragmentation, and illegal pet trade collection, compromising population viability across its limited range.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Using 13 microsatellite loci, we genotyped 148 T. hartwegi individuals from 10 sampling sites spanning three dam-divided sections of Durango Nazas River to examine genetic diversity, structure, and estimate demographic parameters, as well as to identify suitable habitats under current and future climatic scenarios. Our results showed low levels of genetic diversity compared to other Mexican Trachemys species. Despite the presence of two dams along the Nazas River, we found no significant genetic structure. The estimated effective population size was relatively low (Ne = 307), a finding that cannot be attributed to contemporary population declines, as no evidence of recent bottlenecks was detected. Our models under climate change scenarios for 2040 and 2060 projected a decline of 73 to 76% in available habitats, with dam sites representing future refugia in the Nazas River.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings reveal critical conservation challenges for T. hartwegi. A low effective population size may not be sufficient to ensure long-term population viability, while ENMs predicted dramatic habitat loss under current climate trends. This study highlights the critical need for adaptive management balancing competing demands for human water resources, while preserving the riverine habitat connectivity, which influences ecosystem integrity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18755,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology Reports","volume":"52 1","pages":"761"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144718192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A narrative overview of Staphylococcus haemolyticus: resistance traits, virulence factors, and health impact.","authors":"U Meenatchi, A Sridevi, A E Harish Vikas, Piyush Jagdish Balgote, Jayanthi Sivaraman","doi":"10.1007/s11033-025-10773-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11033-025-10773-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Staphylococcus haemolyticus (S. haemolyticus) is a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacterium emerging as a significant nosocomial pathogen, particularly in neonatal intensive care units. It primarily affects immunocompromised individuals and exhibits high levels of antibiotic resistance among coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), underscores its global public health relevance. Advances in sequencing technologies have provided genomic insights into its pathogenicity, including biofilm formation and secretion of virulence factors. The organism is implicated in device-associated meningitis and neonatal central nervous system (CNS) infections. Current therapeutic challenges necessitate alternative treatment strategies, such as phage-derived endolysins and linezolid, especially when conventional options fail. This review outlines a comprehensive understanding of S. haemolyticus, focusing on its antibiotic resistance, virulence determinants, and the need for innovative approaches to combat healthcare-associated infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":18755,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology Reports","volume":"52 1","pages":"760"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association of RAGE gene polymorphisms with inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in diabetic kidney disease patients.","authors":"Wijdan Abdullameer Kamel, Mehdi Haghi, Hamid Tayebi Khosroshahi, Gholamreza Dehghan","doi":"10.1007/s11033-025-10846-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11033-025-10846-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) plays a significant role in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) complications.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study examined the association between RAGE gene polymorphisms (rs2070600 and rs184003) and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in DKD. Fifty DKD patients and fifty healthy controls were enrolled.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For the rs2070600 variant, the CC genotype and C allele frequencies were 64% and 82% in DKD patients, respectively, while the TT genotype was more prevalent in controls (P = 0.002). The A allele homozygous genotype of rs184003 was more common in controls than in DKD patients (P = 0.037). Furthermore, haplotype association and linkage disequilibrium (LD) analyses were performed, and the findings revealed that the C-C and A-T haplotypes were significantly more frequent in DKD patients and healthy controls, respectively. In DKD patients, a significant increase in myeloperoxidase (MPO) and catalase (CAT) activities and a decrease in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were observed (P < 0.001). Serum concentrations of IL-6 (13.63 ± 5.89 pg/mL vs. 4.93 ± 1.74 pg/mL; P < 0.001) and TNF-α (58.19 ± 26.48 pg/mL vs. 12.69 ± 5.71 pg/mL; P < 0.001) were significantly elevated in the DKD group. For rs184003, the A allele and AA genotype were more common in controls, suggesting a reduced DKD risk. In individuals with the CC and CT genotypes for rs2070600 and the CC, CA, and AA genotypes for rs184003, elevated malondialdehyde, IL-6, TNF-α, and MPO activity were observed, alongside reduced CAT and GPx activities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RAGE polymorphisms may contribute to increased oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant capacity in DKD, underscoring their role in the disease's pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18755,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology Reports","volume":"52 1","pages":"759"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and neurodegeneration: mechanistic insights into oxidative stress, inflammation, and neuronal survival pathways.","authors":"Akansha Pal, Vashu Bhardwaj, Falguni Goel, Vipin Kumar Garg","doi":"10.1007/s11033-025-10840-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11033-025-10840-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease are hallmarked by neuronal loss with the pathogenic impetus of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and perturbed cell survival signaling. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa), a flavonoid-, saponin-, and phytoestrogen-rich bioactive legume, has been under the spotlight due to its presumed neuroprotective activity. This review discusses the function of Alfalfa in sustaining oxidative stress control, neuroinflammation reduction, and regulation of crucial molecular processes of neuronal survival and apoptosis. We detail how Alfalfa antioxidants inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS) and amplify endogenous processes for preventing oxidative damage. We also discuss anti-inflammatory actions of the plant by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and pathways like NF-κB and MAPK. Furthermore, we present novel evidence for Alfalfa's role in neuronal survival pathways such as PI3K/Akt, Nrf2/ARE, and BDNF signaling. By combining data from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies, this review tries to outline the therapeutic potential of Alfalfa in neurodegeneration and provide a basis for future studies on its possible application as a neuroprotective agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":18755,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology Reports","volume":"52 1","pages":"758"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144718191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curcumin promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury by enhancing autophagic flux and attenuating apoptosis.","authors":"Ghufran Lutfi Ismaeel, Haider Kamil Zaidan, Ayoob Murtadha Alshaikh Faqri, Tariq J Al-Musawi, Mustafa Mudhafar, Hasan Ali Alsailawi","doi":"10.1007/s11033-025-10869-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11033-025-10869-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of curcumin on apoptosis and autophagy regulation following spinal cord injury (SCI) in a rat model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adult male rats were randomly assigned to three groups: sham, SCI, and SCI + curcumin (100 mg/kg/day, i.p. for 14 days). SCI was induced using a standardized contusion model at T9. Locomotor recovery was evaluated using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) score over 28 days post-injury. Histopathological assessment was performed on spinal cord sections using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Nissl staining. Apoptosis was assessed using the TUNEL assay, counterstained with DAPI. Immunofluorescence staining for LC3 and p62 and Western blotting for LC3-I/II, Beclin-1, and p62 were used to evaluate autophagic responses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Curcumin significantly improved locomotor function in SCI rats, as indicated by higher BBB scores. Histological analysis revealed reduced cavitation and preserved neuronal architecture in the SCI + curcumin group. The percentage of TUNEL-positive cells was significantly reduced in the curcumin-treated group (30.47 ± 10.41%) compared to the SCI group (68.75 ± 12.25%, p < 0.01). Curcumin treatment enhanced autophagic activity by increasing LC3 puncta and reducing p62 aggregates. Western blot data confirmed upregulation of Beclin-1 and LC3-II, restoration of LC3-I, and suppression of p62 expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Curcumin exerts neuroprotective effects following SCI, potentially by attenuating apoptosis within spinal tissue and enhancing autophagic flux through modulation of key regulatory markers. These findings suggest that curcumin may be a promising therapeutic agent for SCI treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":18755,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology Reports","volume":"52 1","pages":"757"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence based molecular pathways, available drug targets, pre- clinical animal models and future disease modifying treatments of huntington's disease.","authors":"Falguni Goel, Vaishali Dobhal, Daksh Kumar, Sachchida Nand Rai, Dharmendra Kumar Yadav","doi":"10.1007/s11033-025-10852-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-025-10852-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Huntington's disease is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder of variable progression. Its major features are motor dysfunction, cognitive decline, and psychiatric disturbances. The onset of HD in a patient occurs because of a polyglutamine-expanding mutation within the HTT gene, which leads to the formation of mutant huntingtin protein that aggregates and disrupts neuronal function. Epidemiologically, HD afflicts about 5-10 people per 100,000 throughout the world. However, among populations of European descent, its prevalence is increased. Even after much study into the disorder, myths prevail relating to onset and inheritance of this disorder; including myths such as non-genetic transmission, along with myths such as variation in symptoms, the myths feed on stigma, contributing to a delay in diagnosis and management. Neurodegenerative level in HD affects the basal ganglia especially the striatum leading to impaired motor coordination, chorea, and cognitive deficits. Pathophysiology encompasses excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and impaired protein clearance mechanisms that end in neuronal loss. The future research areas in the management of HD include gene silencing techniques, stem cell therapy, and even advanced neuroprotective agents acting through a disease-modifying mechanism. The hope of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing is correction at the source level, and ASOs target reduction in the expression of the mutant huntingtin protein. The introduction of personalized medicine for discovery based on biomarkers could further buttress early diagnosis and effectiveness of treatment. The most revolutionary approach towards the treatment of HD can be a multi-disciplinary approach encompassing conventional therapies and novel genetic techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":18755,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology Reports","volume":"52 1","pages":"754"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of CYP3A4, CYP3A5 and MDR1 (ABCB1) single nucleotide polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine in Algerian stable renal transplant recipients.","authors":"Maya Bouafia, Mohamed El Amine Smaali, Souheila Zemmouchi, Ali Boumegoura, Selwa Bellara, Ayomide Victor Atoki, Raid Serrar, Khalid Bouhedjar, Mohammed Messaoudi, Noureddine Abadi, Mohamed Habib Belmahi","doi":"10.1007/s11033-025-10862-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-025-10862-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cyclosporine (CsA) is a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) commonly prescribed after organ transplantation to reduce the risk of graft rejection and prolong both graft and patient survival. However, its clinical use is often limited by a narrow therapeutic index and highly variable, unpredictable pharmacokinetics. Consequently, close therapeutic monitoring is essential to ensure effective immunosuppression. Genetic polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 3 A (CYP3A) enzymes and the multidrug resistance gene 1 (ABCB1) may influence CsA dose requirements and blood concentrations in renal transplant recipients.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the impact of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and ABCB1 genes in a cohort of Algerian renal transplant patients. Fifty stable kidney transplant recipients were enrolled. SNPs of CYP3A4, CYP3A5 and ABCB1 genes were detected with direct sequencing and associations between genotypes and CsA dose requirements, trough concentrations (C₀), 2 h post dose concentration (C₂) and dose-adjusted trough levels (C/D) were investigated. A significant decrease of CsA trough concentration C₀ and C₀/D ratio was observed in the carriers of the heterozygote genotype CYP3A5*1/3 against homozygote ones CYP3A53/*3 (43.86 ± 16.53 vs. 58.21 ± 24.31 ng/mL per mg per kg); p = 0.039. Moreover, the CYP3A5 *1/3 genotype was associated with significantly lower cholesterol levels compared to patients carrying the CYP3A53/*3 genotype (14.20 ± 10.66 vs. 33.11 ± 20.69); p = 0.0002. In contrast, the ABCB1 3435 C > T polymorphism (C/C, C/T, or T/T genotypes) showed no significant association with CsA pharmacokinetics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, the CYP3A5 A6986G (*3/*3) polymorphism is significantly associated with higher CsA trough levels and dose-adjusted concentrations, as well as increased cholesterol levels in stable renal transplant recipients even with similar doses. Conversely, variability in CsA pharmacokinetics does not appear to be significantly influenced by ABCB1 3435 C > T polymorphisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":18755,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology Reports","volume":"52 1","pages":"756"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene-ecological studies of critically isolated fern Pteris dentata Forssk.: genetic diversity, environmental adaptation, and future distribution modeling (SDM).","authors":"Masoud Sheidai, Maedeh Alaeifar, Fahimeh Koohdar, Raheleh Tabaripour","doi":"10.1007/s11033-025-10860-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-025-10860-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Understanding the ecological and genetic characteristics of narrowly distributed species like Pteris dentata is crucial for effective conservation planning. P. dentata, a narrowly distributed fern species that prefers moist, shaded environments, is threatened by habitat degradation associated with urban expansion, climate change, and invasive species-highlighting the urgent need for its conservation.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>This study investigated genetic diversity, landscape genetics, adaptive potential, and the landscape adaptive index in two northern Iranian populations of P. dentata. Despite overall low genetic diversity, the populations exhibited significant differentiation in genetic composition and morpho-anatomical traits, primarily shaped by spatial factors. Patterns of isolation by distance (IBD) and isolation by environment (IBE) were both detected. Variation in adaptive potential and the landscape adaptive index indicated population-specific responses to environmental and climatic stressors. Advanced modeling techniques, including Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Random Forest (RF), revealed complex relationships among environmental, climatic, edaphic, and genetic variables influencing adaptation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Species distribution modeling predicts a substantial decline in suitable habitat for P. dentata in Iran by 2050, driven by climate change-emphasizing the need for proactive conservation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18755,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology Reports","volume":"52 1","pages":"755"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into inflammatory gene expression in endometriosis: a comparative evaluation of tissue biopsy samples.","authors":"Leili Hafizi, Mona Jafari, Sanaz Ahmadi Ghezeldasht, Seyedeh Azam Pourhoseini, Shiva Ghayur","doi":"10.1007/s11033-025-10856-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-025-10856-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by ectopic growth of endometrial-like tissue. Cytokines play pivotal roles in coordinating tissue inflammation and immune responses. Therefore, some pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines may be involved or altered in endometriosis were assessed in this study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The expression levels of the reference gene ribosomal protein lateral stalk subunit P (RPLP) and interest genes, including interleukin 17 (IL-17), IL-23, IL-25, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and forkhead box P3 (FoxP3), were measured in the endometriotic tissues of 25 individuals with endometriosis and in the endometrial tissues of 25 control individuals. The cDNA was synthesized from the extracted RNAs, and these expression levels were analyzed using Real-time PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>VEGF and FoxP3 were not expressed in endometriotic tissues, while non-endometriotic tissues in control group showed significant levels (VEGF: 4.41 × 10³±1.38 × 10³, FoxP3: 12.3 × 10³±4.18 × 10³; both P = 0.001). IL-17, IL-23, and IL-25 were not detected in either group. The RPLP was only expressed, indicating the presence of some viable active cells in this tissue, which was significantly lower than in controls (P = 0.001). The undetectable level of VEGF in endometriosis suggests that there was no active angiogenesis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Accordingly, in endometriosis tissue, lymphocytes might be absent or not play a significant role, but the expression of the structural RPLP indicates the presence of some viable, active cells in this tissue. The roles of the immune system and angiogenesis are multidimensional, involved in different stages, from inflammation to immune tolerance. This underscores the importance of other growth factors, which require careful assessment and individualized treatment strategies to address each patient's specific needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":18755,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology Reports","volume":"52 1","pages":"753"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ponicidin attenuates Aβ_1-42-induced hippocampal cell injury through SIRT1 and PI3K/Akt pathways.","authors":"Cuihong Wang, Linzhao Wang, Xiaoqing Liu, Jiping Wang, Min Chen, Jiao Li","doi":"10.1007/s11033-025-10854-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-025-10854-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation that leads to synaptic dysfunction and neuronal death. Ponicidin, a natural diterpenoid, possesses anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. However, its potential effects on Aβ-induced neurotoxicity remain unclear. This study investigated whether ponicidin ameliorates Aβ_1-42-induced hippocampal neuronal injury by modulating SIRT1 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>HT22 cells were exposed to Aβ_1-42 to establish an in vitro AD model, followed by treatment with ponicidin. Cell viability, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses were assessed using MTT assay, flow cytometry, ROS detection, and ELISA. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were performed to evaluate the expression of SIRT1, the components of the PI3K/Akt pathway, and neuroinflammation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ponicidin significantly attenuated Aβ_1-42-induced cytotoxicity, reduced oxidative stress, and suppressed apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine release. Mechanistically, ponicidin upregulated SIRT1 expression and activated PI3K/Akt pathway. The protective effects of ponicidin were reversed by the PI3K/Akt inhibitor EX-527, confirming the involvement of this pathway.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that ponicidin exerts neuroprotective effects against Aβ_1-42-induced hippocampal injury by enhancing SIRT1 and activating PI3K/Akt signaling, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic candidate for AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":18755,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology Reports","volume":"52 1","pages":"752"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144699024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}