Molecular and biochemical parasitology最新文献

{"title":"Dynamics of parasite growth in genetically diverse Plasmodium falciparum isolates","authors":"Standwell C. Nkhoma,&nbsp;Amel O.A. Ahmed,&nbsp;Danielle Porier ,&nbsp;Sujatha Rashid,&nbsp;Rebecca Bradford,&nbsp;Robert E. Molestina,&nbsp;Timothy T. Stedman","doi":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Multiple parasite lineages with different proliferation rates or fitness may coexist within a clinical malaria isolate, resulting in complex growth interactions and variations in phenotype. To elucidate the dynamics of parasite growth in multiclonal isolates, we measured growth rates (GRs) of three <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> Cambodian isolates, including IPC_3445 (MRA-1236), IPC_5202 (MRA-1240), IPC_6403 (MRA-1285), and parasite lineages previously cloned from each of these isolates by limiting dilution. Following synchronization, <em>in vitro</em> cultures of each parasite line were maintained over four consecutive asexual cycles (192 h), with thin smears prepared at each 48-h cycle to estimate GR and fold change in parasitemia (FCP). Cell cycle time (CCT), the duration it takes for ring-stage parasites to develop into mature schizonts, was measured by monitoring the development of 0–3-h post-invasion rings for up to 52 h post-incubation. Laboratory lines 3D7 (MRA-102) and Dd2 (MRA-150) were used as controls. Significant differences in GR, FCP, and CCT were observed between parasite isolates and clonal lineages from each isolate. The parasite lines studied here have well-defined growth phenotypes and will facilitate basic malaria research and development of novel malaria interventions. These lines are available to malaria researchers through the MR4 collection of NIAID’s BEI Resources Program.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18721,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 111552"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10149587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9788367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity and natural selection of rif gene (PF3D7_1254800) in the Plasmodium falciparum global populations","authors":"Shao-Jie Xu ,&nbsp;Hai-Mo Shen ,&nbsp;Yan-Bing Cui ,&nbsp;Shen-Bo Chen ,&nbsp;Bin Xu ,&nbsp;Jun-Hu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To reveal the genetic characteristics of one member of the <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> repetitive interspersed family (<em>rif</em>), we sequenced the <em>rif</em> gene (PF3D7_1254800) in 53 field isolates collected from Ghana-imported cases into China and compared them with 350 publicly available <em>P. falciparum rif</em> sequences from global populations. In the Ghana-imported population, the nucleotide diversities were 0.05714 and 0.06616 for the full length and variable region of <em>rif</em> gene, respectively. Meanwhile, 22 and 20 haplotypes were identified for the full length and variable region of <em>rif</em> gene (<em>Hd</em> = 0.843 and 0.838, respectively). Diversity of <em>rif</em> gene in Ghana-imported population was higher than that observed in Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam, Myanmar, Mali, Ghana, and Senegal populations. In this analysis, we found high genetic diversity of <em>rif</em> gene in global <em>P. falciparum</em> populations and identified 158 haplotypes. Tajima's <span>D</span>-test shows that there are large differences in the direction of selection between the conserved and variable region of <em>rif</em> gene. Tajima's D value for the variable region was 0.20074, indicating that balancing selection existed in this region. We found that the variable region was the main target of selection for positive diversification, and most mutation sites were located in this region. The population structure suggested optimized cluster values of K = 6. The five groups in Ghana-imported population included a unique subpopulation. Our results reveal the dynamics of the <em>rif</em> gene (PF3D7_1254800) in <em>P. falciparum</em> populations, which can aid in the rational design of <em>P. falciparum rif</em>-based vaccines.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18721,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 111558"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9441096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro and in vivo evaluation of efficacy of berberine chloride: phyto-alternative approach against Trypanosoma evansi infection.","authors":"Snehil Gupta, S. Vohra, Khushboo Sethi, R. Rani, Surbhi Gupta, Surinder Kumar, Raj Kumar","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4379251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4379251","url":null,"abstract":"Current chemotherapy against the Surra organism, Trypanosoma evansi has several limitations in terms of efficacy, toxicity, availability and emerging resistance. These reasons make the search of new chemo-preventive and chemo-therapeutic agent with high potency and low toxicity. Alkaloid phyto-molecules, berberine has shown promising anti-kinetoplastid activity against T. cruzi, T. congolense, T. brucei, Leishmania donovani and L. tropica. However, till date, there is no investigation of therapeutic efficacy of berberine chloride (BC) against T. evansi. The IC50 value of BC for growth inhibition of T. evansi at 24h of culture was calculated as 12.15µM. The specific selectivity index (SSI) of BC was calculated as 19.01 and 10.43 against Vero cell line and Equine PBMC's, respectively. Thirteen drug target genes affecting various metabolic pathways were studied to investigate the mode of trypanocidal action of BC. In transcript analysis, the mRNA expression of arginine kinase 1 remained refractory to exposure with BC, which provides metabolic plasticity in adverse environmental conditions. In contrary, rest all the drug target gene were down-regulated, which indicates that drug severely affect DNA replication, cell proliferation, energy homeostasis, redox homeostasis and calcium homeostasis of T. evansi, leading to the death of parasite in low concentrations. It is the first attempt to investigate in vitro anti-trypanosomal activity of BC against T. evansi. These data imply that phytochemicals as alternative strategies can be explored in the future as an alternative treatment for Surra in animal.","PeriodicalId":18721,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology","volume":"45 1","pages":"111562"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78748675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural characterization of glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (GluRS) from Plasmodium falciparum","authors":"Vivek Kumar Sharma,&nbsp;Jyoti Chhibber-Goel,&nbsp;Manickam Yogavel,&nbsp;Amit Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2022.111530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2022.111530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are essential enzymes in </span>protein translation<span> machinery that provide the charged tRNAs needed for protein synthesis. Over the past decades, aaRSs have been studied as anti-parasitic, anti-bacterial, and anti-fungal drug targets. This study focused on the cytoplasmic glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (GluRS) from </span></span><span><em>Plasmodium falciparum</em></span><span>, which belongs to class Ib in aaRSs. GluRS unlike most other aaRSs requires tRNA to activate its cognate amino acid substrate </span><span>L</span>-Glutamate (<span>L</span>-Glu), and fails to form an intermediate adenylate complex in the absence of tRNA. The crystal structures of the Apo, ATP, and ADP-bound forms of <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (<em>Pf</em>GluRS) were solved at 2.1 Å, 2.2 Å, and 2.8 Å respectively. The structural comparison of the Apo- and ATP-bound holo-forms of <em>Pf</em><span>GluRS showed considerable conformational changes in the loop regions around the ATP-binding pocket of the enzyme. Biophysical characterization of the </span><em>Pf</em><span>GluRS showed binding of the enzyme substrates </span><span>L</span>-Gluand ATP.. The sequence and structural conservation were evident across GluRS compared to other species. The structural dissection of the <em>Pf</em><span>GluRS gives insight into the critical residues involved in the binding of ATP substrate, which can be harvested to develop new antimalarial drugs.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":18721,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 111530"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10735606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deficiency in TLR4 impairs regulatory B cells production induced by Schistosome soluble egg antigen","authors":"Fang Tian ,&nbsp;Kangwen Xian ,&nbsp;Bin Yang ,&nbsp;Qiufang Duan ,&nbsp;Li Qian ,&nbsp;Chanhong Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2022.111532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2022.111532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Regulatory B cells<span> (Bregs) producing IL-10 have negative regulatory function. Several studies have shown the important roles for Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), TLR4<span>, and TLR9 ligation in the development of Bregs. We have reported that </span></span></span><span><em>Schistosome</em></span><span> soluble egg antigen (SEA) induced the production of Bregs. However, it remains unclear whether such activation is via the TLR pathway. The present study showed that IL-10 and TLR4 mRNA expression in spleen B cells of significantly increased in C57BL/10 J mice spleen B cells following SEA stimulation. The level of secreted IL-10 and IL-10</span>⁺ B cell proportion decreased in spleen B cells derived from TLR4-deficient C57BL/10ScNJ (TLR4^-/^-<span>) mice following SEA or LPS stimulation compared with C57BL/10 J mice. The CD1d</span>^hiCD5⁺ B cells proportion decreased in spleen B cells of TLR4^-/^-<span> mice following SEA stimulation compared with control mice. NF-κB, ERK, p38MAPK<span><span> and JNK </span>signal transduction inhibitors significantly suppressed IL-10 secretion in CD1d</span></span>^hiCD5⁺<span> B cells induced by SEA or LPS. The phosphorylation levels of IκBα, p65, ERK, JNK and p38 were increased in CD1d</span>^hiCD5⁺<span> B cell of C57BL/10 J mice treated with LPS or SEA. In conclusion, this study suggests that TLR4 plays a critical role in Bregs activation induced by SEA. And the TLR4-triggered NF-κB and MAPK pathways activation in CD1d</span>^hiCD5⁺ B cells stimulated with SEA. The findings elucidated the mechanism of SEA induction of CD1d^hiCD5⁺<span> B cells and helped us to understand the immune regulation during </span><span><em>Schistosoma japonicum</em></span> infection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18721,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 111532"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10736101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The microbiota, the malarial parasite, and the mosquito [MMM] – A three-sided relationship","authors":"Sathishkumar Vinayagam ,&nbsp;Devianjana Rajendran ,&nbsp;Kathirvel Sekar ,&nbsp;Kaviyarasi Renu ,&nbsp;Kamaraj Sattu","doi":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The mosquito gut microbiota is vital to the proper functioning of the host organism. Mosquitoes may benefit from this microbiota in their guts because it promotes factors including blood digestion, fecundity, metamorphosis, and living habitat and inhibits malarial parasites (</span><em>Plasmodium</em><span>) growth or transmission. In this overview, we analyzed how mosquitoes acquire their gut microbiota, characterized those bacteria, and discussed the functions they provide. We also investigated the effects of microbiota on malaria vectors, with a focus on the mosquito species </span><span><em>Anopheles</em></span>, as well as the relationship between microbiota and <em>Plasmodium</em>, the aspects in which microbiota influences <em>Plasmodium</em><span> via immune response, metabolism, and redox mechanisms, and the strategies in which gut bacteria affect the life cycle of malaria vectors and provide the ability to resist insecticides. This article explores the difficulties in studying triadic interactions, such as the interplay between Mosquitoes, Malarial parasite, and the Microbiota that dwell in the mosquitoes' guts, and need additional research for a better understanding of these multiple connections to implement an exact vector control strategies using Gut microbiota in malaria control.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":18721,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 111543"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9296302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In silico analysis of two Haemonchus spp. serine protease peptides (S28) and their immunomodulatory activity in vitro","authors":"René Camas-Pereyra ,&nbsp;Génesis A. Bautista-García ,&nbsp;Guillermina Avila ,&nbsp;Yazmin Alcala-Canto ,&nbsp;Jocelyn Maza-Lopez ,&nbsp;David E. Reyes-Guerrero ,&nbsp;Rosa Isabel Higuera-Piedrahita ,&nbsp;María Eugenia López-Arellano","doi":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the <em>in vitro</em><span><span> immune modulation of two de novo peptides with hypothetical identity to the </span>serine protease family (S28) from </span><span><em>Haemonchus</em></span> spp. Expression of mRNAs encoding these peptides was confirmed by RT<img>qPCR in L₃ and adult stage parasites. Antibodies from serum samples collected from an <em>H. contortus</em><span>-infected lamb at 60 days post infection detected both peptides, as assessed by indirect ELISA<span>. Lamb peripheral blood mononuclear cells<span> (PBMCs) were exposed to each peptide, as well as to the peptide mixture, and cell proliferation assays were performed at 24, 48 and 72 h. The relative expression of the </span></span></span><em>IL4</em>, <em>IL5</em>, <em>IL6</em>, <em>IL13</em>, <em>CXCL8</em> and <em>FCεR1A</em> genes was quantified by RT<img>qPCR from lamb PBMCs exposed to the peptide mixture at 24 and 48 h. With respect to immune gene expression, 15- and 3-fold upregulation at 24 h was observed with <em>IL5</em> and <em>CXCL8</em>, respectively, and 2-fold upregulation of <em>CXCL8</em> at 48 h. In contrast, downregulation of <em>IL5</em><span> was stimulated at 48 h. These data suggest that these peptides (pep-hsp and pep-pcx), which show high identity with intestinal and excretion/secretion serine proteases, can trigger immunogenic activity, and suggest that they may be useful as potential parasite vaccines.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":18721,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 111545"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9281199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modular nanotheranostic agents for protistan parasitic diseases: Magic bullets with tracers","authors":"Sutherland Kester Maciver ,&nbsp;Sumayah Abdelnasir ,&nbsp;Ayaz Anwar ,&nbsp;Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui ,&nbsp;Naveed Ahmed Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2022.111541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2022.111541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Protistan parasitic infections contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality, causing more than 2 billion human infections annually. However, current treatments are often limited; due to ineffective drugs and drug resistance, thus better options are urgently required. In the present context, theranostics agents are those that offer simultaneous detection, diagnosis and even treatment of protistan parasitic diseases. “Nanotheranostics” is the term used to describe such agents, that are around 100 nm or less in size. Anti-parasitic activity of nanoparticles (NPs) has been reported, and many have useful intrinsic imaging properties, but it is perhaps their multifunctional nature that offers the greatest potential. NPs may be used as adapters onto which various subunits with different functions may be attached. These subunits may facilitate targeting parasites, coupled with toxins to eradicate parasites, and probe subunits for detection of particles and/or parasites. The modular nature of nano-platforms promises a “mix and match” approach for the construction of tailored agents by using combinations of these subunits against different protistan parasites. Even though many of the subunits have shown promise alone, these have not yet been put together convincingly enough to form working theranostics against protistan parasites. Although the clinical application of nanotheranostics to protistan parasitic infections in humans requires more research, we conclude that they offer not just a realisation of Paul Ehrlich’s long imagined “magic bullet” concept, but potentially are magic bullets combined with tracer bullets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18721,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 111541"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9296277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat shock protein 60 in parasitic helminths: A role in immune responses and therapeutic applications","authors":"Xuedong He ,&nbsp;Yue Sun ,&nbsp;Fang Yang ,&nbsp;Guanghui Zheng ,&nbsp;Rui Li ,&nbsp;Mengqi Liu ,&nbsp;Wanjing Li ,&nbsp;Dong-Hui Zhou ,&nbsp;Yadong Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) is an unique member of the heat shock protein family, being involved in parasite infections. To cope with harsh environments where parasites live, HSP60s are indispensable and involved in a variety of </span>biological processes<span>. HSP60s have relative low similarity among parasites, but their ATPase /Mg</span></span>²⁺<span> active sites are highly conserved. The interactions of HSP60s with signaling pathway<span><span> regulators in immune cells suggest a crucial role in immune responses, rendering them a potential therapeutic target. This paper reviews the current understandings of HSP60s in parasitic </span>helminths in aspects of molecular characteristics, immunoregulatory responses and HSP60-based therapeutics.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":18721,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 111544"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9296296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of γδTCR on myeloid cells from C57BL/6 mice with Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis infection","authors":"Dianhui Chen ,&nbsp;Feng Mo ,&nbsp;Meiling Liu ,&nbsp;Yongjing Ma ,&nbsp;Lin Liu ,&nbsp;Junmin Xing ,&nbsp;Feihu Shi ,&nbsp;Anqi Xie ,&nbsp;Hongyan Xie ,&nbsp;Xingfei Pan ,&nbsp;Xinhua Wang ,&nbsp;Jun Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2022.111540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2022.111540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><strong>Recently</strong>, there is a paucity of studies focus on the characteristics of myeloid cells which expressed γδTCR. The aim of this study was to observe the properties of γδTCR-expressing myeloid cells in the spleen of C57BL/6 mice infected by <em>P. yoelii nigeriensis</em> NSM<em>.</em><span> Haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe pathological changes in the spleens from infected mice. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the infection and control groups were analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA -seq). Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to evaluate the frequency of γδTCR</span>⁺ cells and the characteristics of γδTCR⁺ cells in <em>P. yoelii nigeriensis</em> NSM-infected mice. Obvious infiltration of inflammatory were observed in the spleens from infected C57BL/6 mouse. The proportions of γδTCR⁺ cells and CD11b⁺ γδTCR⁺ cells from infected group were higher than that from normal group. CD11b⁺ γδTCR⁺ cells expressed high levels of activated-mediated genes and inflammatory-mediated genes. The heterogeneous pathway activities among CD11b⁺ γδTCR⁺<span><span> cells from normal and infected group were characterized. The oxidative phosphorylation, respiratory </span>electron transport chain<span><span> and leukocyte activation involved in immune response pathways were up-regulated, while the alpha-beta </span>T cell<span> activation and myeloid leukocyte migration pathways were down-regulated in infected mice. Importantly, </span></span></span><em>Ly6c2</em> was higher expressed in CD11b⁺ γδTCR⁺ cells than <em>Ly6g</em>. Consistent with it, flow cytometry results revealed that a subset of Ly6C⁺ cells was higher than Ly6G⁺ cells in the spleen. Taken together, our data suggest the existence of a population of γδTCR-expressing myeloid cells and they might be multifunctional cells, which play a role in couse of <em>Plasmodium</em> infection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18721,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 111540"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10726093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}