Molecular and biochemical parasitology最新文献

{"title":"Mechanisms of adaptation and evolution in Toxoplasma gondii","authors":"Sergio O. Angel,&nbsp;Laura Vanagas,&nbsp;Andres M. Alonso","doi":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2024.111615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2024.111615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Toxoplasma</em> has high host flexibility, infecting all nucleated cells of mammals and birds. This implies that during its infective process the parasite must constantly adapt to different environmental situations, which in turn leads to modifications in its metabolism, regulation of gene transcription, translation of mRNAs and stage specific factors. There are conserved pathways that support these adaptations, which we aim to elucidate in this review. We begin by exploring the widespread epigenetic mechanisms and transcription regulators, continue with the supportive role of Heat Shock Proteins (Hsp), the translation regulation, stress granules, and finish with the emergence of contingency genes in highly variable genomic domains, such as subtelomeres. Within epigenetics, the discovery of a new histone variant of the H2B family (H2B.Z), contributing to <em>T. gondii</em> virulence and differentiation, but also gene expression regulation and its association with the metabolic state of the parasite, is highlighted. Associated with the regulation of gene expression are transcription factors (TFs). An overview of the main findings on TF and development is presented. We also emphasize the role of Hsp90 and Tgj1 in <em>T. gondii</em> metabolic fitness and the regulation of protein translation. Translation regulation is also highlighted as a mechanism for adaptation to conditions encountered by the parasite as well as stress granules containing mRNA and proteins generated in the extracellular tachyzoite. Another important aspect in evolution and adaptability are the subtelomeres because of their high variability and gene duplication rate. <em>Toxoplasma</em> possess multigene families of membrane proteins and contingency genes that are associated with different metabolic stresses. Among them parasite differentiation and environmental stresses stand out, including those that lead tachyzoite to bradyzoite conversion. Finally, we are interested in positioning protozoa as valuable evolution models, focusing on research related to the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis, based on models recently generated, such as extracellular adaptation and ex vivo cyst recrudescence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18721,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 111615"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139735616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis on the current status of anthelmintic resistance in equine nematodes: A global perspective","authors":"Enjia Cai ,&nbsp;Rongzheng Wu ,&nbsp;Yuhong Wu ,&nbsp;Yu Gao ,&nbsp;Yiping Zhu ,&nbsp;Jing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111600","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;The intensive application of anthelmintics in equine has led to considerable resistance in cyathostomins and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Parascaris equorum&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;. It has been well documented that benzimidazole (BZ) and pyrantel resistance is widespread in cyathostomins and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Parascaris equorum&lt;/em&gt;. Since no new classes of anthelmintic have been introduced in the last 40 years, it is critical to be aware of the current risk factors of anthelmintic application to avoid further resistance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;To review the factors affecting the level of anthelmintics resistance in equine around the world, type of anthelmintics, mode of application, dosage, nematode species, and location of anthelmintics application were evaluated and summarized.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Design/procedure&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;A systematic review and meta-analyses following the PRISMA Framework were conducted to identify, evaluate, and synthesize primary literature reporting the efficacy of anthelmintic drugs in equines. Information on the bibliographic data, anthelmintic drugs, animals, continents, parasite genera, type of anthelmintics, and dosage was collected. Nonparametric tests (Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney) were used in SPSS (v.27) to investigate the association between variables. Factors that have a significant impact on efficacy have been subjected to binary logistic regression. Six meta-analyses were conducted in Microsoft Excel (2021) to qualify current resistance issues of the three major anthelmintics classes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The final database was composed of 60 articles published between 1994 and 2022 with a total of 11835 animals. Anthelmintic class as well as anthelmintic active principle selection did have a significant effect on resistance (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt; 0.01), whilst no correlation of the type of anthelmintics, mode of application, and dosage with efficacy were found. Anthelmintics resistance in ascarid&lt;span&gt; was significantly more severe than in strongyle (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01). Macrocyclic lactone (ML) class and the benzimidazole and probenzimidazole (BP) class have the lowest efficacy against ascarid and strongyle, respectively (67.83% and 69.85%). The effect of location (by continent) also had a significant influence on the resistance of the ML class (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01). The resistance of the BP class which is the most prevalently applied was demonstrated in all six continents. Binary logistic regression revealed that parasite genera and drug class independently influenced the presence of drug resistance. The forest plots included in this study did not show a significant difference over time.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Current evidence indicated that anthelmintics resistance of ML and BP class were common in ascarid and strongyle. A combination of anthelmintics may reduce anthelmintics resistance, but multi-drug resistance may be a concern. Customerised a","PeriodicalId":18721,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 111600"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138460985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alterations in the metabolism of Pseudosuccinea columella (Mollusca: Gastropoda) caused by Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HP88 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae)","authors":"Victor Menezes Tunholi ,&nbsp;Natânia do Carmo Sperandio ,&nbsp;Vinícius Menezes Tunholi-Alves ,&nbsp;Lorena Souza Castro Altoé ,&nbsp;Melissa Carvalho Machado do Couto-Chambarelli ,&nbsp;Ludimila Santos Amaral ,&nbsp;Caio Márcio de Oliveira Monteiro ,&nbsp;Isabella Vilhena Freire Martins","doi":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The gastropod <em>Pseudosuccinea columella</em> participates in the dissemination of <span><em>Fasciola hepatica</em></span><span> in the environment, acting as the main intermediate host of this parasite in Brazil. The present study sought to elucidate the possible pathogenic effects of the entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) </span><em>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</em> on <em>P. columella</em><span>, by evaluating the influence of infection on alanine<span> aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), as well as the concentrations of total protein, uric acid, and urea in the snail's hemolymph. For this, the snails were exposed to EPNs for 24 and 48 h, and for each exposure time, 20 snails were dissected after 7, 14 and 21 days for hemolymph collection. The primary findings suggest a significant proteolysis alongside elevated levels of uric acid and urea in </span></span><em>P. columella</em> infected individuals. These findings reveal that <em>H. bacteriophora</em> HP88 infection induced serious changes in the snail's metabolism, triggering important deleterious effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18721,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 111599"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138434512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging of genomic loci in Trypanosoma brucei using an optimised LacO-LacI system","authors":"James Budzak ,&nbsp;Ione Goodwin,&nbsp;Calvin Tiengwe,&nbsp;Gloria Rudenko","doi":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Visualisation of genomic loci by microscopy is essential for understanding nuclear organisation, particularly at the single cell level. One powerful technique for studying the positioning of genomic loci is through the Lac Operator-Lac Repressor (LacO-LacI) system, in which LacO repeats introduced into a specific genomic locus can be visualised through expression of a LacI-protein fused to a fluorescent tag. First utilised in <em>Trypanosoma brucei</em> over 20 years ago, we have now optimised this system with short, stabilised LacO repeats of less than 2 kb paired with a constitutively expressed mNeongreen::LacI fusion protein to facilitate visualisation of genomic loci. We demonstrate the compatibility of this system with super-resolution microscopy and propose its suitability for multiplexing with inducible RNAi or protein over expression which will allow analysis of nuclear organisation after perturbation of gene expression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18721,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 111598"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166685123000567/pdfft?md5=e9c67fbe1d21abde51dc0c2e6a921670&pid=1-s2.0-S0166685123000567-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71483674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating the structure-function attributes of a trypanosomal arginyl-tRNA synthetase","authors":"Pratyasha Bhowal ,&nbsp;Bappaditya Roy ,&nbsp;Sayak Ganguli ,&nbsp;Gabor L. Igloi ,&nbsp;Rajat Banerjee","doi":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are fundamental components of the protein translation<span> machinery. In light of their pivotal role in protein synthesis and structural divergence among species, they have always been considered potential targets for the development of antimicrobial compounds. Arginyl-tRNA synthetase from </span></span><span><em>Trypanosoma cruzi</em></span> (<em>Tc</em><span><span>ArgRS), the parasite responsible for causing Chagas Disease, contains a 100-amino acid insertion that was found to be completely absent in the human counterpart of similar length, as ascertained from multiple </span>sequence alignment results. Thus, we were prompted to perform a preliminary characterization of </span><em>Tc</em>ArgRS using biophysical, biochemical, and bioinformatics tools. We expressed the protein in <em>E. coli</em><span><span> and validated its in-vitro enzymatic activity. Additionally, analysis of DTNB kinetics, </span>Circular dichroism<span> (CD) spectra, and ligand-binding studies using intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence measurements aided us to understand some structural features in the absence of available crystal structures. Our study indicates that </span></span><em>Tc</em>ArgRS can discriminate between <span>L</span>-arginine and its analogues. Among the many tested substrates, only <span>L</span>-canavanine and <span>L</span>-thioarginine, a synthetic arginine analogue exhibited notable activation. The binding of various substrates was also determined using in silico methods. This study may provide a viable foundation for studying small compounds that can be targeted against <em>Tc</em>ArgRS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18721,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 111597"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49679713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RNA editing catalytic complexes edit multiple mRNA sites non-processively in Trypanosoma brucei","authors":"Jason Carnes ,&nbsp;Suzanne M. McDermott ,&nbsp;Kenneth Stuart","doi":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>RNA editing generates mature mitochondrial mRNAs in <em>T. brucei</em> by extensive uridine insertion and deletion at numerous editing sites (ESs) as specified by guide RNAs (gRNAs). The editing is performed by three RNA Editing Catalytic Complexes (RECCs) which each have a different endonuclease in addition to 12 proteins in common resulting in RECC1 that is specific for deletion ESs and RECC2 and RECC3 that are specific for insertion ESs. Thus, different RECCs are required for editing of mRNA sequence regions where single gRNAs specify a combination of insertion and deletion ESs. We investigated how the three different RECCs might edit combinations of insertion and deletion ESs that are specified by single gRNAs by testing whether their endonuclease compositions are stable or dynamic during editing. We analyzed in vivo BirA* proximity labeling and found that the endonucleases remain associated with their set of common RECC proteins during editing when expressed at normal physiological levels. We also found that overexpression of endonuclease components resulted in minor effects on RECCs but did not affect growth. Thus, the protein stoichiometries that exist within each RECC can be altered by perturbations of RECC expression levels. These results indicate that editing of consecutive insertion and deletion ESs occurs by successive engagement and disengagement of RECCs, i.e., is non-processive, which is likely the case for consecutive pairs of insertion or deletion ESs. This clarifies the nature of the complex patterns of partially edited mRNAs that occur in vivo.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18721,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 111596"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41127749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Model nematodes as a practical innovation to promote high throughput screening of natural products for anthelmintics discovery in South Asia: Current challenges, proposed practical and conceptual solutions","authors":"Muntasir Kamal ,&nbsp;Suprabhat Mukherjee ,&nbsp;Bishnu Joshi ,&nbsp;Zia-ud-Din Sindhu ,&nbsp;Phurpa Wangchuk ,&nbsp;Shawkat Haider ,&nbsp;Nurnabi Ahmed ,&nbsp;Md. Hasanuzzaman Talukder ,&nbsp;Timothy G. Geary ,&nbsp;Arun K. Yadav","doi":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>With the increasing prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in animals recorded globally, and the threat of resistance in human helminths<span>, the need for novel anthelmintic drugs is greater than ever. Most research aimed at discovering novel anthelmintic leads relies on high throughput screening<span> (HTS) of large libraries of synthetic small molecules in industrial and academic settings in developed countries, even though it is the tropical countries that are most plagued by helminth infections. Tropical countries, however, have the advantage of possessing a rich flora that may yield natural products (NP) with promising </span></span></span>anthelmintic activity<span>. Focusing on South Asia, which produces one of the world’s highest research outputs in NP and NP-based anthelmintic discovery, we find that limited basic research and funding, a lack of awareness of the utility of model organisms, poor industry-academia partnerships and lack of technological innovations greatly limit anthelmintics research in the region. Here we propose that utilizing model organisms including the free-living nematode </span></span><span><em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em></span>, that can potentially allow rapid target identification of novel anthelmintics, and <em>Oscheius tipulae</em><span>, a closely related, free-living nematode which is found abundantly in soil in hotter temperatures, could be a much-needed innovation that can enable cost-effective and efficient HTS of NPs for discovering compounds with anthelmintic/antiparasitic potential in South Asia and other tropical regions that historically have devoted limited funding for such research. Additionally, increased collaborations at the national, regional and international level between parasitologists and pharmacologists/ethnobotanists, setting up government-industry-academia partnerships to fund academic research, creating a centralized, regional collection of plant extracts or purified NPs as a dereplication strategy and HTS library, and holding regional </span><em>C. elegans</em>/<em>O. tipulae</em>-based anthelmintics workshops and conferences to share knowledge and resources regarding model organisms may collectively promote and foster a NP-based anthelmintics landscape in South Asia and beyond.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18721,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 111594"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41146803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eimeria granulosa causes spots visible through the serous membrane of small intestine in sheep","authors":"Yuanyuan Chen ,&nbsp;Jing Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaolei Liu ,&nbsp;Qiaocheng Chang ,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Ma ,&nbsp;Qinwei Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Coccidiosis, also known as Eimeriosis, is a highly prevalent parasitic disease affecting sheep in nearly all sheep-rearing nations across the globe. Currently, there is a scarcity of literature documenting the specific lesions in sheep resulting from coccidia infection. This study aimed to investigate these characteristic lesions through necropsy, microscopic observation, and molecular biological techniques. As a result, </span><span><em>Eimeria</em><em> granulosa</em></span><span> was identified as the causative agent, which induced distinct pathological alterations in the small intestine of lambs as observed during necropsy. Notably, </span><em>E. granulosa</em><span> manifested as small scattered petechiae and white spots, visible through the serous membrane of the small intestine, akin to the pathology observed in </span><em>E. necatrix</em>. Therefore, this study provides valuable insights for the accurate diagnosis of coccidiosis in sheep.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18721,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 111595"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41136057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of autophagy in stress and drug-responsive cell death in Entamoeba histolytica and its cross-talk with apoptosis-inducing factor","authors":"Anwesha Bandyopadhyay,&nbsp;Sudip Kumar Ghosh","doi":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Cell death in unicellular protozoan parasite </span><span><em>Entamoeba histolytica</em></span> is not yet reported though it displays several features of autophagic cell death. Autophagic cell death was reported to take place in ancient protozoans under several stresses. Here we report the occurrence of autophagic cell death in the <em>Entamoeba histolytica</em><span> trophozoites under oxidative stress<span> as well as by the treatment with metronidazole, the most-widely-used drug for amoebiasis treatment and was shown to generate oxidative stress in the trophozoites. The autophagic flux increases during nutrient deprivation and metronidazole treatment and decreases upon oxidative stress. During oxidative stress the autophagy leads to nucleophagy that is ultimately destined to be digested within the lysosomal chamber. The formation of nucleophagosome depends on the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) that translocates to the nucleus from cytoplasm upon oxidative stress. It was experimentally proved that ATG8 (Autophagy-related protein 8) binds with the AIF in the nucleus of the trophozoites and helps in ATG8 recruitment and autophagy initiation overall suggesting that oxidative stress-driven AIF translocation to nucleus results in binding with ATG8 and initiates nucleophagy leading to cell death.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":18721,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 111593"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10609430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and validation of reference genes of circulating microRNAs for use as control in gestational toxoplasmosis","authors":"Ingrid de Siqueira Pereira ,&nbsp;Allecineia Bispo da Cruz ,&nbsp;Marta Marques Maia ,&nbsp;Francieli Marinho Carneiro ,&nbsp;Ricardo Gava ,&nbsp;Lígia Cosentino Junqueira Franco Spegiorin ,&nbsp;Cinara Cássia Brandão ,&nbsp;Ingrid Gomes de Campos Truzzi ,&nbsp;Geraldo Magela de Faria Junior ,&nbsp;Luiz Carlos de Mattos ,&nbsp;Vera Lucia Pereira-Chioccola ,&nbsp;Cristina Silva Meira-Strejevitch","doi":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Toxoplasmosis<span> causes serious harm to the fetus, as tachyzoite<span> dissemination, during pregnancy in women developing the primo-infection. The microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs, which have regulatory roles in cells by silencing messenger RNA. Circulating miRNA are promising biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of numerous diseases. The miRNAs levels are estimated by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), however, the relative quantification of each miRNA expression requires proper normalization methods using endogenous miRNAs as control. This study analyzed the expression of three endogenous miRNAs (miR-484, miR ‐423‐3p and miR-26b-5p) for use as normalizers in future studies of target miRNAs for gestational toxoplasmosis (GT). A total of 32 plasma samples were used in all assays divided in 21 from women with GT and 11 from healthy women. The stability of each endogenous miRNA was evaluated by the algorithm methods RefFinder that included GeNorm, Normfinder, BestKeeper and comparative delta-CT programs. The miR-484 was the most stably gene, and equivalently expressed in GT and NC groups. These results contribute to future studies of target miRNAs in clinical samples of women with gestational toxoplasmosis.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":18721,"journal":{"name":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 111592"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10261384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}