Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle最新文献

{"title":"Normative Reference Values and Cut-Off Points for Nutritional Ultrasound: The VALORES Study.","authors":"Carolina Moreno-Torres-Taboada, José M Romero-Márquez, María García-Olivares, María Novo-Rodríguez, Rocío Fernández-Jiménez, Isabel Vegas-Aguilar, Pedro Pablo García-Luna, Silvia García-Rey, José Manuel García-Almeida, Gabriel Olveira","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70344","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.70344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nutritional ultrasound (NU) enables direct assessment of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, yet population-based reference values and cut-offs remain scarce. We aimed to establish age- and sex-specific normative values for rectus femoris (RF) and abdominal adipose tissue NU measurements in apparently healthy adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Multicentre cross-sectional study of 1789 healthy blood donors (842 women, 947 men), aged 18-80 years (mean 41.5 ± 14.9). Standardised NU assessed RF cross-sectional area (CSA), circumference, transverse (X) and anteroposterior (Y) axes, and abdominal and thigh adipose tissue. Anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and handgrip strength (HGS) were obtained. Age- and sex-specific percentiles were generated across predefined age groups (18-30, 31-45, 46-60 and > 60 years). T-scores for RF parameters were derived from a young reference subgroup aged 18-45 years (n = 1001). Associations with sex, age, body mass index and physical activity were analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All NU parameters differed significantly by sex (all p < 0.001). Median RF-CSA was 4.60 cm² (IQR 3.83-5.58) in women and 6.77 cm² (5.55-7.91) in men; median RF-Y axis at rest was 1.56 cm (1.33-1.80) and 1.91 cm (1.65-2.17), and during contraction 1.97 cm (1.71-2.24) and 2.47 cm (2.15-2.78), respectively. Median total abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (T-SAT) was 1.77 cm (1.16-2.39) in women and 1.65 cm (1.13-2.22) in men. RF measurements correlated moderately-strongly with BIA-derived muscle mass (r = 0.45-0.65) and HGS (r = 0.49-0.58). T-SAT correlated with BIA fat mass and waist circumference (r = 0.45-0.65), whereas visceral adipose tissue showed weaker associations (r ≈ 0.33). RF-CSA and RF-Y axis increased across physical-activity categories (p < 0.05). Absolute RF values did not differ by BMI; however, when indexed to body weight, participants with BMI > 25 kg/m² had lower RF-CSA and RF-Y values (all p < 0.001). RF parameters followed a normal distribution, whereas adipose tissue measures did not. In the young reference group (18-45 years), mean ± SD RF-Y axis was 1.68 ± 0.33 cm in women and 2.05 ± 0.37 cm in men. When applying T-score criteria, the -2 standard deviation cut-off identified 1.4%-11.7% of adults aged ≥45 years as having low muscle mass.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides the first age- and sex-specific population-based reference values for nutritional ultrasound measurements in an apparently healthy adult Spanish population. These findings support the validity, clinical applicability, and standardisation of nutritional ultrasound for the assessment of muscle mass, with potential utility in the diagnosis of sarcopenia and malnutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"17 4","pages":"e70344"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13487697/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148786314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to 'A Prospective Observational Study of Anamorelin During Chemoimmunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With Cachexia (SPIRAL-ANA)'.","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70352","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.70352","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"17 4","pages":"e70352"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13437656/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148672787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscle and Bone Implications of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Fragility Fractures in Older Adults With Diabetes.","authors":"Joseph D Abraham, Andrew J S Coats, Stefan D Anker","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70371","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.70371","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"17 4","pages":"e70371"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waist-to-Body Mass Index Ratio and Risk of Musculoskeletal Disease in Type 2 Diabetes: A Cohort and PhIP-Seq Analysis.","authors":"Yongze Zhang, Luxi Lin, Lifeng Zheng, Xiaohuang Lin, Zhaowei Xu, Ximei Shen, Lingning Huang, Fengying Zhao, Sunjie Yan","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70336","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.70336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Musculoskeletal complications in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are inadequately captured by body mass index (BMI). Waist-to-BMI ratio (WBR) may better reflect adverse body composition. We examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between WBR and musculoskeletal disorders in T2DM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This two-phase study was conducted within an ongoing hospital-based cohort at the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University (Fuzhou, China). The cross-sectional analysis included 4157 adults with T2DM recruited between March 2012 and August 2023 (54.3% men; mean age 59.4 ± 10.3 years), using data from their first assessment. Associations of waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), BMI and WBR with osteopenia, sarcopenia, sarcopenic osteopenia (SOs), sarcopenic obesity (SOb) and fractures were evaluated. The prospective cohort comprised a longitudinal subset enrolled between March 2012 and June 2022, ensuring at least 1 year of follow-up prior to administrative censoring in August 2023. A total of 440 individuals (57.0% men; mean age 59.7 ± 9.7 years) were followed for a median of 34.0 months (20.0-57.0). Associations between time-dependent WBR and incident outcomes were assessed using Cox models. A nested exploratory analysis was conducted within the cohort. Thirty participants with extreme annualised WBR change (ΔWBR/yr) were selected. Baseline serum samples collected at enrolment, prior to outcome occurrence, were analysed using phage immunoprecipitation sequencing (PhIP-Seq).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cross-sectionally, WBR was negatively correlated with bone mineral density and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index and positively correlated with osteopenia, sarcopenia, SOs, SOb and fractures (all p < 0.01), whereas BMI, WC, WHtR and WHR showed weaker associations. After adjustment, higher WBR was independently associated with osteopenia (men: OR 1.723, 95% CI 1.614-1.840; women: OR 1.420, 1.348-1.495), sarcopenia (men: OR 4.779, 4.165-5.484; women: OR 2.991, 2.683-3.334), SOs (men: OR 6.261, 5.314-7.377; women: OR 4.336, 3.753-5.010), SOb (men: OR 4.737, 3.975-5.646; women: OR 4.652, 3.715-5.825) and fractures (men: OR 1.236, 1.093-1.397; women: OR 1.103, 1.003-1.213; all p < 0.05). Prospectively, higher time-dependent WBR predicted incident osteopenia (HR 1.365, 95% CI 1.024-1.820), sarcopenia (HR 1.282, 1.086-1.512), SOs (HR 1.408, 1.176-1.686), SOb (HR 1.634, 1.262-2.116) and fractures (HR 1.369, 1.029-1.821). PhIP-Seq analysis identified differential autoantibody reactivity related to muscle structural organisation and cytoskeletal regulation, while bone-related differences were enriched in Wnt signalling and hormone-related pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher WBR and longitudinal increases were independently associated with osteopenia, sarcopenia, sarcopenic phenotypes and fractures in individuals with T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"17 4","pages":"e70336"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13448775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148682878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerated Anthropometric Ageing Links Loss of Physical Function and Lower Extremity Body Mass.","authors":"Qu Tian, Suha Shin, Katie Bustin, Sarah Church, Amber B Courville, Kong Y Chen, Luigi Ferrucci","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70367","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.70367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ageing is associated with anthropometric changes that have been linked to functional limitations and disease risk. However, previous work is limited to a few anthropometric measures, such as body mass index or waist-to-height ratio. Current imaging technology allows a rapid, burden-free and simultaneous assessment of multidimensional anthropometry. What anthropometric measures can predict chronological age and whether the anthropometric age gap (AAG) further predicts health outcomes beyond chronological ageing have not been previously studied. The identification of age-related anthropometric measures could be used clinically to identify individuals who undergo accelerated anthropometric ageing and may be at risk of developing adverse health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 302 Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging participants, each participant had 171 body anthropometric measurements collected (mean: 71.7 ± 13.4 years [27-95], 58% women, 30% Black, mean body mass index: 27.4 ± 4.5 kg/m²) using a 3D body scanner (Vitus by Human Solutions GmbH, Kaiserslautern, Germany). We used a LASSO machine learning model to identify anthropometric measures that jointly predicted chronological age after adjusting for sex, race and total body height. We further used covariate-adjusted linear mixed-effects models to examine whether the gap between anthropometric-predicted age and chronological age (AAG) would predict concurrent cognitive/physical functions and body composition, as well as longitudinal changes over the past 20 years (mean follow-up: 13 ± 5 years).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The LASSO regression identified 22 anthropometric measures associated with chronological age (R² = 0.689, mean absolute error = 4.5 years), notably lower thigh girth, waist-to-buttock length and calf girth with older age. Greater AAG was cross-sectionally associated with lower cognitive scores related to motor planning, lower physical function and lower extremity body mass (all p < 0.05). Great AAG was also associated with accelerated declines in sensorimotor functions, including manual dexterity, balance and eccentric muscle strength, and greater loss of lower extremity lean and fat mass (all p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Accelerated anthropometric ageing, involving key age-related measures, is associated with longitudinal declines in sensorimotor and muscle function. Anthropometric features that change with ageing may indicate loss of motor control, mobility and muscle function. Future studies are warranted to understand the mechanistic underpinnings of the associations with health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"17 4","pages":"e70367"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13454547/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148700210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Epidemiology of Amputation-Related Disability From 1990 to 2021: Geographic Variation and Projections to 2050.","authors":"Xuhui Cuan, Jianguang Zhang, Zhuowen Lu, Fengyang Cui, Chenxi Zhao, Wenzhao Lu, Mengliang Luo, Song Xue, Chao Xie, Lei Jin, Meiling Shi, Jian Zhang, Meisong Zhu, Rongdong Liao, Xuanxuan Huang, Sikuan Zheng, Jianye Tan","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70356","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.70356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Amputation is a critical event leading to the permanent loss of limb function and long-term functional impairment, posing a substantial burden on global healthcare systems. However, the global burden, demographic patterns and future trajectory of amputation-related disability have not been comprehensively quantified.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data to assess the prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) for seven amputation subtypes (fingers, thumbs, toes, unilateral and bilateral upper and lower limbs) from 1990 to 2021. Projections to 2050 were made using the Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) modelling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2021, the global total number of amputation cases reached approximately 445 million (95% uncertainty intervals [UI]: 409-486 million), with an age-standardized rate (ASR) of 5330 (95% UI: 4890-5820) cases per 100 000 population. From 1990 to 2021, the overall global burden of amputation demonstrated a declining trend in ASR, although the absolute number of cases increased substantially. Among all amputation subtypes, finger amputation (AMP-F) had the highest prevalence, accounting for 50.3% of all cases, followed by thumb amputation (AMP-Th) at 22.4% and toe amputation (AMP-Toe) at 19.0%; these three subtypes alone accounted for over 91% of all cases. Regarding YLDs, unilateral lower limb amputation (AMP-LL1) contributed most significantly (20.8%), followed by bilateral upper limb amputation (AMP-UL2) at 18.9%, despite their relatively lower prevalence. In terms of the YLD burden, the age distribution exhibited a spindle-shaped pattern, peaking in the 30-59 age group overall, with notable subtype-specific variations (e.g., AMP-LL1 peaking at ≥ 95 years and bilateral lower limb amputation [AMP-LL2] prominent in middle-aged groups, particularly 50-64 years in certain regions). Additionally, the etiological profile shifted markedly, with conflict and terrorism rising sharply from the 8th to the 4th leading driver of amputation burden globally, exerting a particularly strong impact in North Africa and the Middle East. Projections indicate substantial future increases in both prevalence and YLDs associated with AMP-LL1, necessitating heightened vigilance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although the age-standardized prevalence of amputation slightly declined globally from 1990 to 2021, the absolute number of cases increased significantly, exhibiting pronounced demographic and geographic disparities. To mitigate this escalating burden, tailored strategies integrating prevention and long-term rehabilitation planning are urgently needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"17 4","pages":"e70356"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13448777/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148682902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of Overall Survival in Patients With Oesophageal Cancer Using AI-Based 3D CT Body Composition Analysis.","authors":"Christian Römer, Jens Hölzen, Andreas Pascher, Walter Heindel, Marc-David Künnemann, René Hosch, Katarzyna Borys, Gesa Helen Pöhler","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70363","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.70363","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Oesophageal cancer remains the sixth most lethal malignancy, with 5-year survival rates around 22%. CT-derived 2D body composition analysis has emerged as a promising prognostic tool, but conventional, often manually created single-slice L3 measurements are unsuited for future clinical implementation. We evaluated fully automated AI-derived volumetric body composition indices as prognostic parameters using conventional L3 and BMI measurements as reference.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This retrospective cohort study included patients with histologically confirmed oesophageal cancer treated between 2011 and 2024. Automated deep learning segmentation using the nnU-Net-based body and organ analysis pipeline quantified abdominal tissue volumes from staging CTs. Three normalized indices were calculated: sarcopenia index (SI, muscle/bone volume ratio), myosteatotic fat index (MFI, intramuscular/total adipose tissue volume ratio) and abdominal fat index (AFI, visceral/subcutaneous adipose tissue volume ratio). Cox proportional hazards models assessed prognostic value after sequential adjustment for age, sex, metastatic status, ECOG performance status, BMI and L3-derived indices. Kaplan-Meier analysis evaluated survival differences stratified by sex-specific median values.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The cohort comprised 563 patients (19.7% female), median age 65.4 years (IQR: 58.8-71.3); 10.1% (n = 57) had metastatic disease and 68.7% (n = 387) underwent surgery. Males had higher sarcopenia index (2.54 ± 0.41 vs. 2.24 ± 0.45, p &lt; 0.001) and abdominal fat index (median 0.72 vs. 0.36, p &lt; 0.001), whereas MFI showed no difference (p = 0.89). During median follow-up of 22 months, 367 deaths (65.9%) occurred. Median overall survival was 28.6 months (95% CI: 23.7-33.3); 1-year survival 70.7% (95% CI: 67.2%-74.8%) and 5-year survival 32.8% (95% CI: 29.6%-38.3%), with marked differences by metastatic status (M0 vs. M1 1-year survival: 73.4% vs. 46.4%). In the fully adjusted model incorporating all three volumetric indices alongside clinical covariates, BMI and L3-derived parameters (n = 532), only sarcopenia index retained independent significance (HR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.37-0.82, p = 0.003); all others showed p ≥ 0.26. Metastatic status (HR = 2.23, p &lt; 0.001) and ECOG (HR = 1.29, p &lt; 0.001) remained significant. All L3 indices lost significance alongside volumetric parameters (p &gt; 0.14). Male patients with high sarcopenia index showed longer survival compared with patients with low sarcopenia index (33.3 vs. 21.8 months, p &lt; 0.001); female patients showed larger descriptive contrasts (68.8 vs. 16.8 months, p &lt; 0.001) that were formally confirmed by a significant sex-SI Cox interaction (LRT p = 0.026).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Automatic AI-derived volumetric body composition parameters calculated from routine staging CTs predict overall survival in patients with oesophageal cancer and are associated with sex-relate","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"17 4","pages":"e70363"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13462676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148710671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroacupuncture Treatment on Sarcopenia in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Haemodialysis: An Effective Therapy","authors":"Ruoxin Chen, Qinqin Qian, Bin Wang, Ruoyang Chen, Liuping Zhang, Hui Jin, Jun Zhu, Zuolin Li, Jianyun Gao, Hong Liu","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.70345","url":null,"abstract":"Background Electroacupuncture (EA) treatment has been utilized for recovery from neuromuscular‐related diseases and may play a significant role in the treatment of sarcopenia. This interventional, randomized controlled clinical study aims to explore the efficacy of EA treatment in maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) patients with sarcopenia. Methods Thirty‐six participants with sarcopenia undergoing MHD were randomly divided into the control group and the EA group. The participants in the EA group received a total of 24 treatments, each lasting 30 min, and were administered three times per week. Participants in the control group were instructed to continue their current lifestyle and treatment plans. The assessments were conducted at baseline and after 8 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using two‐way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted according to gender and baseline values. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess EA effects, reporting main effects and the time × group interaction with partial eta squared (η <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> ) effect sizes. The primary outcome was 6‐m gait speed; the secondary outcomes were skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and handgrip strength. Fasting blood samples were collected, and serum metabolomics using the liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method was employed to reveal metabolic changes. Results One participant from the EA group dropped out, and 35 participants were included in the analysis, aged (59.06 ± 11.69) years, including 22 men and 13 women. After intervention, the 6‐m gait speed of the EA group increased (Δ = 0.10 ± 0.08; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), whereas that of the control group decreased (Δ = −0.06 ± 0.09; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.018). The handgrip strength of the EA group increased (Δ = 0.68 ± 0.98; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.011), whereas that of the control group decreased (Δ = −0.76 ± 1.19; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.015). The SMI in the EA group increased (Δ = 0.19 ± 0.22; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.003), although there was no significant difference in the control group. No serious adverse events were observed during the EA treatment. The results of serum metabolomics indicated that a total of 127 differentially expressed metabolites were identified ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05, VIP &gt; 1), including 35 up‐regulated metabolites and 92 down‐regulated metabolites. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that glycerophospholipid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism and other pathways related to lipid metabolism were significantly changed. Conclusions EA treatment was an effective therapy for sarcopenia in patients undergoing MHD. Its therapeutic effect may be related to the positive regulation of systemic metabolism (including amino acid and lipid profiles).","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148498736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer IDO1-Mediated Tryptophan-Kynurenine Metabolic Reprogramming to Drive Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Cachexia Acceleration.","authors":"Leng Han,Lingjie Jing,Xinting Zhu,Ciqin Li,Lu Bai,Yang Fang,Yuxuan Zhou,Dingyuan Bai,Jin Lu,Yonglong Han,Cheng Guo,Shumin Zhou,Quanjun Yang","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.70295","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDCancer cachexia is a debilitating syndrome characterized by severe skeletal muscle wasting, which significantly impairs patient quality of life and survival. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), a key enzyme in tryptophan (Trp) metabolism, is often upregulated in cancers, but its specific role in driving lung cancer-associated cachexia remains inadequately defined. This study investigated the mechanistic role of Ido1 in cancer cachexia and evaluated the therapeutic potential of its inhibition.METHODSWe established Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) models in C57BL/6 mice using wild-type, Ido1-overexpressing (Ido1-OE) and Ido1-knockout (Ido1-KO) cells. Muscle mass, tumour growth and metabolic changes were assessed in vivo. Transcriptomic and targeted metabolomic analyses were performed on muscle and serum samples. In vitro, we examined the effects of tumour-conditioned media, the Trp metabolite kynurenine (Kyn) and Trp supplementation on C2C12 myotube atrophy. In vivo experiments verified the efficacy of the Ido1 inhibitor palmatine hydrochloride (PAL). Molecular pathways were analysed via western blot and qPCR.RESULTSCompared to LLC mouse models, Ido1-OE significantly exacerbated tumour growth and cachexia, leading to a significant decrease in lean body weight, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscle weights (p &lt; 0.01, p &lt; 0.0001, p &lt; 0.001). Gastrocnemius muscle fibre cross-sectional area significantly decreased in the Ido1-OE group (p &lt; 0.0001). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that Ido1-OE activated pro-inflammatory and protein degradation pathways (upregulating MuRF1/Atrogin1, p &lt; 0.05) while suppressing anabolic signalling pathways (oestrogen pathways, p &lt; 0.01). Metabolomics analysis revealed unique metabolic signatures in Ido1-OE mice: Trp depletion and Kyn accumulation. In vitro experiments demonstrated that Ido1-OE enhanced LLC cell proliferation and migration capabilities (p &lt; 0.0001, p &lt; 0.0001). Tumour-conditioned medium (TCM) derived from Ido1-OE tumours significantly induced C2C12 myotube atrophy (p &lt; 0.01). Similarly, direct treatment with Kyn led to dose-dependent muscle fibre shrinkage, with significant atrophy observed at 30 μM (p &lt; 0.01) and 100 μM (p &lt; 0.0001). Notably, the myotube atrophy induced by Kyn was significantly reversed by the addition of supplemental Trp (p &lt; 0.0001). Compared with the Ido1-OE group, PAL treatment reduced gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior atrophy (p &lt; 0.01; p &lt; 0.05). Mechanistically, PAL inhibited the mRNA expression levels of MuRF1/Atrogin1 (p &lt; 0.0001, p &lt; 0.001), as well as their corresponding protein levels (p &lt; 0.0001, p &lt; 0.0001). Furthermore, PAL restored the phosphorylation level of mTOR (p &lt; 0.001), as well as the mRNA expression of myosin heavy chain (p &lt; 0.01).CONCLUSIONSOur findings demonstrate that Ido1 accelerates muscle atrophy and cancer cachexia by driving a metabolic reprogramming centred on the Trp-Kyn pathway. Pharmacological inhibition of Ido1 with PAL effectively miti","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"21 1","pages":"e70295"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147735439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Evaluation of Ultrafast Ultrasound Coupled With Phrenic Stimulation for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Diaphragm Dysfunction.","authors":"Axel Nierding, Annelyse Nardi, Thomas Similowski, Christian Straus, Jean-Luc Gennisson, Damien Bachasson","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70323","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.70323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diaphragm dysfunction is an important and often unrecognized cause of dyspnea. The current gold standard, transdiaphragmatic twitch pressure (Pdi,tw), requires oesophageal and gastric balloon catheters and is infrequently used in routine care. We evaluated whether ultrafast ultrasound descriptors of costal diaphragm during bilateral phrenic magnetic stimulation can provide a noninvasive alternative for assessing diaphragm contractility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty patients (19 men and 11 women) referred for suspected diaphragm dysfunction (median age 57 [42-63] years) underwent bilateral anterolateral magnetic stimulation with simultaneous ultrafast ultrasound and oesophageal/gastric pressure recordings. Peak diaphragm tissue velocity, acceleration and jerk were extracted. Associations with Pdi,tw were assessed using ridge regression. Diagnostic performance for detecting abnormal Pdi,tw (< 20 cmH₂O) was evaluated using Bayesian receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, including posterior mean AUC and 95% credible intervals. Agreement between predicted and measured Pdi,tw was assessed using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient and Passing-Bablok regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty four of 30 patients (80%) had abnormal Pdi,tw. Ultrafast ultrasound descriptors correlated with Pdi,tw (Spearman's ρ: velocity 0.77 [95% CI, 0.57-0.89], acceleration 0.70 [95% CI, 0.41-0.87], jerk 0.67 [95% CI, 0.43-0.85]; all p < 0.0001). The multivariable ridge model explained 66% of the variance in Pdi,tw and showed high agreement with measured values (Lin's concordance correlation coefficient = 0.87 [95% CI, 0.75-0.93]). Bayesian ROC analysis demonstrated strong discrimination of diaphragm dysfunction (AUC = 0.91; 95% credible interval [CrI], 0.76-0.98). Using the clinical threshold of 20 cmH₂O, model-predicted Pdi,tw yielded a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 100%. The optimal velocity threshold for discriminating abnormal Pdi,tw was 10.25 mm·ms^-1 (95% CrI, 6.12-18.58 mm·ms^-1). The corresponding thresholds for acceleration and jerk were 408.6 mm·ms^-2 (95% CrI, 122.6-952.4) and 3073 mm·ms^-3 (95% CrI, 1038.8-11541.4), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ultrafast ultrasound coupled with magnetic phrenic stimulation provides a feasible, noninvasive, nonvolitional assessment of diaphragm contractility. Diaphragm motion descriptors reliably predicted Pdi,tw and enabled accurate identification of diaphragm dysfunction. These findings support further clinical evaluation and warrant larger multicentre validation studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"17 3","pages":"e70323"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13275182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148269493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}