{"title":"Relationship between job challenge and job performance in the Korean Army: The mediating effect of learning agility and the moderating effect of job autonomy.","authors":"Soon-Won Choi, Ki-Seok Jeon","doi":"10.1080/08995605.2024.2376963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2024.2376963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to identify the relationship among job challenge, learning agility, job autonomy, and job performance based on job demand-resources model. In particular, this study examined the mediating role of learning agility in the relationship between Job challenge and job performance, which has rarely been conducted. Furthermore, the moderating effect of job autonomy as job resource was explored. The data collected were from army officers and noncommissioned officers (NCO) of the Korean Army (<i>N</i> = 425). We hypothesized that there is a positive relationship among Job challenge and learning agility, Job challenge and job performance, the mediating role of learning agility in the relationship between Job challenge and job performance, and the moderating role of job autonomy. As predicted, we found that Job challenge was positively related to learning agility and job performance. We also found a mediating effect of learning agility on the relationship between Job challenge and job performance. Furthermore, job autonomy moderated the positive relationship between Job challenge and learning agility, although the moderating effect of job autonomy between Job challenge and job performance was not significant. Finally, the indirect relationship between Job challenge and job performance, via learning agility, was stronger for the higher job autonomy group than for the lower job autonomy group. The, theoretical and practical contributions and suggestions for future studies on learning agility and job characteristics are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":18696,"journal":{"name":"Military Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141860274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andreas Bencker, Gerry Larsson, Maria Fors Brandebo, Urban Johnson, Andreas Ivarsson
{"title":"High-level military and sport leaders' everyday challenges and psychological skills: A cross-contextual repeated measures study.","authors":"Andreas Bencker, Gerry Larsson, Maria Fors Brandebo, Urban Johnson, Andreas Ivarsson","doi":"10.1080/08995605.2024.2376970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2024.2376970","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research shows that high-level military and sport leaders share a high-stress and high-stakes leader role due to similar experiences of demanding conditions mainly manifested in psychological burden. This raises research questions about leaders' psychological strategies to maintain their mental health and performance under demanding conditions. Thus, the current study investigated how experienced demanding conditions were related to self-rated leader performance level and mental health indicators among high-level military and sport leaders and whether the application of psychological skills by these leaders moderated these relationships. A composite questionnaire was used to collect data longitudinally, once a week for four consecutive weeks. Fifty-two Swedish high-ranking military officers and executives in elite team sport organizations completed the questionnaire. Multilevel analysis revealed no effect of demanding conditions on leader performance, but they harmed leader vitality and were associated with higher stress symptoms. Moreover, psychological skills did not moderate the relationship between demanding conditions and leader performance. However, motivational and instructional self-talk negatively moderated the relationship between demanding conditions and vitality. In contrast, emotional regulation, comprised of mindfulness and cognitive reappraisal, positively moderated vitality. Emphasizing the nuanced application of psychological skills is crucial while avoiding one-sided beliefs about their positive effects. Interventions are suggested to focus on vitality and related psychological skills to ensure leaders feel good while performing under demanding conditions. More cross-contextual leadership research, suggestively applied research, is needed to better understand the links between high-level military and sport leaders' psychological skills, leader performance, and mental health under demanding conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18696,"journal":{"name":"Military Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141860273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Should I stay or should I go? The collective effects of work, family, and mental health on military career intentions among active-duty and national guard and reserve soldiers.","authors":"Allison L Tidwell, Mallory Lucier-Greer","doi":"10.1080/08995605.2024.2376931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2024.2376931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined diverse predictors of military career intentions, specifically whether to stay in the military or leave, and differences based on duty status (i.e. active-duty versus National Guard or Reserve [NG/R] Service members). The combined perspectives of the personal choice model of military retention and family systems theory suggest that work factors (i.e. unit support, morale), family factors (i.e. work-family balance, romantic relationship quality), and mental health (i.e. depressive symptoms) simultaneously influence Service members' military career intentions. Understanding how these factors together impact different dimensions of retention, namely, intentions to stay and intentions to leave, and whether they have a similar impact based on duty status are needed next steps. With data from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience (Army STARRS; <i>N</i> = 3,506 Soldiers), path models examined the direct and indirect paths through which these factors contributed to Soldiers' intentions to remain and intentions to leave. Then, a multigroup mediation analysis explored possible model differences based on duty status. Unit support and work-family balance directly and indirectly contributed to intentions to remain and/or leave through romantic relationship quality, depressive symptoms, and morale. Few differences emerged between active-duty and NG/R Soldiers. In sum, work factors, family factors, and depressive symptoms worked together simultaneously to explain Soldiers' military career intentions. Military leadership, at multiple levels, is encouraged to promote supportive work environments and work-family balance. Practitioners may reinforce mental health resources to promote retention.</p>","PeriodicalId":18696,"journal":{"name":"Military Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141860275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gene M Alarcon, Joseph B Lyons, Roger C Mayer, Alexander J Barelka, Phil Bobko
{"title":"Why does one trust? A 360-degree perspective on the role of position power in weighting trustworthiness factors.","authors":"Gene M Alarcon, Joseph B Lyons, Roger C Mayer, Alexander J Barelka, Phil Bobko","doi":"10.1080/08995605.2024.2373576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2024.2373576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of the current paper is to explore the influence of the perceived trustworthiness factors of ability, benevolence and integrity on general and specific trust across supervisors, subordinates and peers with the same focal referent. This study used a 360-degree approach to examine how positional power asymmetries influence the relationship between trustworthiness and trust for a general and situation-specific referent. Data were obtained from military supervisors (<i>N</i> = 200), peers (<i>N</i> = 123), and subordinates (<i>N</i> = 85). Measures of trustworthiness and trust of a common military officer were obtained. Supervisors and subordinates differed in their relative weighting of trustworthiness factors (i.e. ability, benevolence, and integrity) when evaluating general and specific trust. Peers evidenced no difference in the relative weighting of trustworthiness factors. The relationship between benevolence and specific trust was stronger for subordinates than for supervisors. One implication of our findings is that trust can develop differently in bottom-up versus top-down organizational relationships. This study provides evidence that supervisors and subordinates emphasize different aspects of trustworthiness when evaluating their trust of a focal officer, and this process was different for general versus specific trust referents. The study also extends previous research by replicating previous findings across raters.</p>","PeriodicalId":18696,"journal":{"name":"Military Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141555221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Military PsychologyPub Date : 2024-07-03Epub Date: 2023-04-25DOI: 10.1080/08995605.2023.2197840
Ryan G Erbe, Peter Meindl, Elise M Dykhuis, Gabriela Boatright, Travis Tilman
{"title":"A reasoned action approach to meditation behavior among cadets at the United States Military Academy.","authors":"Ryan G Erbe, Peter Meindl, Elise M Dykhuis, Gabriela Boatright, Travis Tilman","doi":"10.1080/08995605.2023.2197840","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08995605.2023.2197840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Military members face emotion-regulation challenges due to the high-pressure nature of the profession as evidenced by rates of mental health issues within military populations. Identifying behaviors that are efficient and effective at promoting emotion-regulation and helping military members adopt them is essential. Recently, meditation has been shown to reduce stress, enhance attention control and emotion regulation, along with reducing military-related Post Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms. One way to promote this behavior in a military context is to enable future officers to adopt the behavior. We aimed to examine determinants of meditation intention and behavior among cadets at the United States Military Academy using the Reasoned Action Approach, a behavior framework used to explain and change behavior. By identifying these determinants, military practitioners can tailor meditation interventions to increase the likelihood that cadets will adopt the practice and eventually help soldiers under their command use meditation as well. We conducted a pilot study and a replication study that confirmed Reasoned Action Approach constructs were predictive of behavior and behavioral intention. Of significance was the perceived norm impact on meditation intention, specifically injunctive norms. Implications include the importance of authority figures within cadets' social context providing support for meditation's utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":18696,"journal":{"name":"Military Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"456-463"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11197910/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47493338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Military PsychologyPub Date : 2024-07-03Epub Date: 2023-03-15DOI: 10.1080/08995605.2023.2187165
Alison L Drew, Samantha J Gregus, Jake C Steggerda, Amy M Smith Slep, Carla Herrera, Timothy A Cavell, Renée Spencer
{"title":"Pre-existing parental stress and youth internalizing symptoms predict parent-reported COVID-related stress in military families.","authors":"Alison L Drew, Samantha J Gregus, Jake C Steggerda, Amy M Smith Slep, Carla Herrera, Timothy A Cavell, Renée Spencer","doi":"10.1080/08995605.2023.2187165","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08995605.2023.2187165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the extent to which youth and families experienced COVID-related stress requires accounting for prior levels of stress and other associated factors. This is especially important for military families, which experience unique stressors and may be reluctant to seek outside help. In this prospective study, we examined the role of pre-pandemic family factors in predicting parent and youth stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were 234 families with at least one active-duty parent and a 3<sup>rd</sup> or 5<sup>th</sup>-grade child. Findings revealed that preexisting factors predicted youth and family COVID-related stress. Specifically, heightened pre-pandemic parental stress and youth internalizing symptoms were significant predictors of COVID-related stress. Implications for mental health professionals and other organizations supporting military parents and families during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as other times of upheaval are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":18696,"journal":{"name":"Military Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"367-375"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11197913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49319448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Military PsychologyPub Date : 2024-07-03Epub Date: 2023-04-10DOI: 10.1080/08995605.2023.2195328
Amir Mohsen Rahnejat, Mohammadreza Ebrahimi, Seyed Hossein Salimi, Ali Fathi Ashtiani, Arsia Taghva, Tina Mohammadi, Haleh Shahed Hagh Ghadam, Hassan Shahmiri Barzoki
{"title":"Comparing the effect of prolonged exposure therapy (PET) and metacognitive therapy (MCT) on the quality of life among veterans with PTSD.","authors":"Amir Mohsen Rahnejat, Mohammadreza Ebrahimi, Seyed Hossein Salimi, Ali Fathi Ashtiani, Arsia Taghva, Tina Mohammadi, Haleh Shahed Hagh Ghadam, Hassan Shahmiri Barzoki","doi":"10.1080/08995605.2023.2195328","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08995605.2023.2195328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Veterans' quality of life (QoL) can be drastically affected by posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We compared prolonged exposure therapy (PET) with metacognitive therapy (MCT) in their effects on quality of life (QoL) among veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Overall, 57 veterans with PTSD were randomly assigned to three groups MCT (<i>N</i> = 17), PET (<i>N</i> = 17), and Control (<i>N</i> = 23). The 36-item short-form survey (SF-36) was used to evaluate QoL pretest, posttest, and after a 3-month follow-up. The MCT was based on the practice of detached mindfulness, controlling rumination/anxiety, and challenging negative beliefs about symptoms. The PET was based on in-vivo and imaginal exposure to trauma-related events, and discontinuation of avoidance-oriented coping strategies. Both MCT and PET groups significantly improved QoL at posttest and follow-up, compared with the control group (<i>P</i> < .001); however, the MCT and PET groups showed no significant difference at posttest (<i>P</i> = .644) or follow-up (<i>P</i> = .646). Our results support the efficacy of PET as the standard for PTSD treatment, while also signifying the effectiveness of MCT at increasing the QoL in war-related PTSD at a 3-month follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":18696,"journal":{"name":"Military Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"422-430"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11197894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46951952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Military PsychologyPub Date : 2024-07-03Epub Date: 2023-03-15DOI: 10.1080/08995605.2023.2189861
Rachel N Ward, Alexander J Erickson, Katie J Carlson, Matthew M Yalch
{"title":"The role of unit cohesion and perceived resilience in substance use disorder.","authors":"Rachel N Ward, Alexander J Erickson, Katie J Carlson, Matthew M Yalch","doi":"10.1080/08995605.2023.2189861","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08995605.2023.2189861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soldiers have high rates of substance use disorders (SUD), often in the aftermath of stressors experienced during military deployments. There are several factors that protect against SUD. For example, individual factors like perceived resilience and group factors such as unit cohesion may make someone less likely to abuse substances. However, there is little research on the differential influence of these resilience factors on SUD over and above deployment stressors. In this study, we examined the relative effects of perceived resilience, unit cohesion, and deployment stressors on SUD in a sample of 21,449 active duty and reserve soldiers from the U.S. Army (primarily White and male, mean age = 28.66, SD = 7.41) using structural equation modeling. We found that unit cohesion (ß = -.17) and perceived resilience (ß = -.16) had negative effects on SUD over and above deployment stressors. The study findings clarify research on resilience to SUD and have implications for addressing substance use in the military, specifically regarding the importance of building unit cohesion.</p>","PeriodicalId":18696,"journal":{"name":"Military Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"403-409"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11197915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42703395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Military PsychologyPub Date : 2024-07-03Epub Date: 2023-04-06DOI: 10.1080/08995605.2023.2195793
Maria José Chambel, Vânia Sofia Carvalho, Francisco Gomes, Carolina Rodrigues-Silveira
{"title":"Work-family boundary management profiles and well-being at work: A study with militaries on a humanitarian aid mission.","authors":"Maria José Chambel, Vânia Sofia Carvalho, Francisco Gomes, Carolina Rodrigues-Silveira","doi":"10.1080/08995605.2023.2195793","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08995605.2023.2195793","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to contribute to an analysis of the well-being of military personnel who are deployed on humanitarian aid missions, taking their work-family (personal life) boundary management into consideration by analyzing the relationship between their preferences and enacted boundaries and military personnel' well-being. Specifically, this study analyzed the boundary fit approach, positing that it is the adjustment between individuals' preferences and enacted boundaries that influences their well-being. Using a sample of 327 military personnel, boundary management profiles were performed, considering the fit between their segmentation preferences and enactment. Furthermore, the relationship between these profiles and the military personnel' well-being was established. The results indicated that misfit profiles were found where the soldiers enacted less segmentation than desired or, on the contrary, more integration than desired, and a profile with a fit between the work-family segmentation they desired and enacted. The military personnel in the fit profile had significantly higher levels of well-being (i.e.,less exhaustion and more work engagement) than those in the misfit profile, who enacted less segmentation than desired. The findings have implications for the design of boundary management literature and future military missions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18696,"journal":{"name":"Military Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"431-442"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11197895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10154961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Military PsychologyPub Date : 2024-07-03Epub Date: 2023-04-20DOI: 10.1080/08995605.2023.2192637
Alixandra Risi, Amy L Bird, Jocelyn Jackson, Judy A Pickard
{"title":"A qualitative examination of the reintegration experiences of Australian Defense Force families.","authors":"Alixandra Risi, Amy L Bird, Jocelyn Jackson, Judy A Pickard","doi":"10.1080/08995605.2023.2192637","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08995605.2023.2192637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The profound development that occurs during the first five years of a child's life may contribute to military families with young children facing unique challenges during reintegration. Yet, little is known about the reintegration experiences of military families with young children, and less so from the perspectives of non-deployed parents and families outside of the US. In this qualitative study, we explored the reintegration experiences of Australian Defense Force (ADF) families with young children (five years and younger). Through written responses to open-ended prompts, ADF service members (<i>n</i> = 9) and their non-deployed spouses (<i>n</i> = 38) reflected on periods of reintegration and discussed their family's adaption during this time. Using thematic analysis, six themes representing the reintegration experiences of these families were generated from the data. Four themes were generated from the combined experiences of service members and non-deployed parents, while a further two themes were generated from the experiences of non-deployed parents only. Relational and parenting challenges were at the forefront of reintegration experiences. These findings offer meaningful implications for practice and research to improve the quality of parent-child relationships and enhance outcomes for military families with young children during reintegration.</p>","PeriodicalId":18696,"journal":{"name":"Military Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":"410-421"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11197890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41559363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}