Kirsten M Verkamp, Caroline M Angel, Wesley F Richardson, Bertha E Flores, Marcos I Restrepo, Andrea E Berndt
{"title":"Psychosocial challenges and enrichment in post-9/11 Veteran reintegration: A multidimensional exploratory analysis.","authors":"Kirsten M Verkamp, Caroline M Angel, Wesley F Richardson, Bertha E Flores, Marcos I Restrepo, Andrea E Berndt","doi":"10.1080/08995605.2026.2659392","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08995605.2026.2659392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Military-civilian reintegration represents a multidimensional transition, with 47 to 75% of Veterans reporting reintegration challenges. Emerging research suggests that challenges related to purpose in life, social connection, and financial stability are associated with suicide risk and broader well-being outcomes among Veterans. Guided by a normative transitions theory framework integrating psychosocial challenges (M-CARM) and enrichment (ELS), this cross-sectional study examined reintegration among 410 post-9/11 Veterans. Secure housing loss and unmet mental health needs were associated with multiple reintegration outcomes including Genuine Relationships, Sense of Purpose, Resentment and Regret, and Mental Health. A higher VA disability rating was associated with lower Physical Health and Engaged Citizenship. Unmet mental health needs were inversely associated with seven of nine reintegration outcomes. These findings underscore the value of multidimensional assessment and highlight the importance of housing stability, mental health needs, and broader reintegration challenges. Longitudinal research is needed to clarify how psychosocial challenge and enrichment interact over time and how challenges and enrichment may inform reintegration support and suicide prevention efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":18696,"journal":{"name":"Military Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147817609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polly Ingram, Amanda Mele, Christina M Lazar, Kristin Mattocks, Megan Kelly, Marc I Rosen, Adrienne Weede, Steve Martino
{"title":"The influence of military service and separation on veterans' identities and reintegration experiences: A qualitative analysis.","authors":"Polly Ingram, Amanda Mele, Christina M Lazar, Kristin Mattocks, Megan Kelly, Marc I Rosen, Adrienne Weede, Steve Martino","doi":"10.1080/08995605.2026.2664974","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08995605.2026.2664974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Military service profoundly shapes identity, making separation a period of potential disruption. Veterans with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) may face a \"dual loss\" of military identity and physical capability that complicates reintegration. This qualitative study explored identity redefinition among 20 recently separated veterans with MSDs using semi-structured interviews and rapid qualitative analysis informed by Military Transition Theory and the Cognitive Developmental Model of Social Identity Integration. Four themes emerged: (1) Becoming the Job, reflecting deep identity fusion with military roles; (2) No Longer in Uniform, describing identity disruption and loss of purpose after separation; (3) What Gets in the Way, highlighting functional, psychological, and relational barriers to reintegration; and (4) Growth Beyond Service, showing efforts to rediscover self, values, roles, and community. Findings underscore that identity adaptation is central to reintegration and that interventions should address identity disruption challenges that shape post-military adjustment.</p>","PeriodicalId":18696,"journal":{"name":"Military Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hans-Christian Knevelsrud, Jørn Hetland, Arnold B Bakker, Tommy Krabberød, Henrik O Sørlie, Johannes Kibsgaard, Olav K Olsen
{"title":"Mission command: How daily empowering leadership enables proactive behavior.","authors":"Hans-Christian Knevelsrud, Jørn Hetland, Arnold B Bakker, Tommy Krabberød, Henrik O Sørlie, Johannes Kibsgaard, Olav K Olsen","doi":"10.1080/08995605.2026.2664945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2026.2664945","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Empowering leadership is central to mission command, the dominant leadership doctrine in modern militaries, which emphasizes decentralized decision-making, initiative, and adaptability in complex, high-pressure operations. Drawing on leadership and proactivity theories, this study examines how daily empowering leadership (i.e. autonomy support and development support) relates to work engagement and performance through personal initiative and strengths use. Using a 15-day diary study design, 261 Norwegian military cadets (3156 observations; 80.6% response rate) reported their daily experiences during a practice-oriented leadership development course. Multilevel analyses showed that leader autonomy support, but not development support, was positively related to daily engagement and task performance (as rated by others), and that these relationships were mediated by personal initiative and strengths use. Moreover, autonomy support had a stronger relationship with initiative on days when development support was high, amplifying its indirect links with engagement and performance. Controlling for directive leadership confirmed the unique value of autonomy support. Overall, the findings suggest that empowering leadership fosters proactive motivation and effectiveness in demanding military contexts, offering both theoretical insights and practical guidance for cultivating engaged, high-performing teams.</p>","PeriodicalId":18696,"journal":{"name":"Military Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Brain, personality, and leadership: A meta-analysis of performance predictors among West Point cadets.","authors":"Benjamin J Elliott, Nathan R Kuncel","doi":"10.1080/08995605.2026.2664940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2026.2664940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the determinants of success at the United States Military Academy (USMA) has been a topic of inquiry for numerous decades. However, until now, no comprehensive meta-analytic review has synthesized findings across studies examining predictors of cadet outcomes. Drawing on 116 effect sizes from 21 independent samples comprising 29,102 cadets from the West Point classes of 1949-2022, artifact-distribution meta-analyses were conducted to correct observed correlations for measurement unreliability and indirect range restriction in predictors, using individual-level corrections where artifact data were available. Our meta-analysis reveals that cognitive predictors are positively and strongly associated with academic performance and positively but more modestly associated with leadership performance. Additionally, the personality trait of conscientiousness emerged as the most robust non-cognitive predictor of leadership performance while also exhibiting moderate associations with both academic and physical outcomes. Grit, a related characteristic, had weaker associations with outcomes. These findings suggest that military organizations may benefit from incorporating conscientiousness-saturated measures into selection systems, providing incremental validity beyond traditional cognitive predictors in forecasting comprehensive candidate success.</p>","PeriodicalId":18696,"journal":{"name":"Military Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147776349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Whitney Wortham, Kathrine Sullivan, Yuhui Huang, Seonyeong Kim, Steven L Lancaster, David J Linkh, Stephanie Renno, Anthony M Hassan
{"title":"Factors associated with mental health discharge status among military-service members, veterans, and their adult family members.","authors":"Whitney Wortham, Kathrine Sullivan, Yuhui Huang, Seonyeong Kim, Steven L Lancaster, David J Linkh, Stephanie Renno, Anthony M Hassan","doi":"10.1080/08995605.2026.2659398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2026.2659398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Military service members, veterans, and their adult family members experience higher rates of mental health (MH) challenges than civilians. Despite seeking services, barriers impede access to care and contribute to dropout. This study examines factors associated with MH discharge status among military-connected populations seeking care outside VA/DoD systems. Data came from 15,900 episodes of care (service members <i>n</i> = 983; adult family members <i>n</i> = 6,878; veterans <i>n</i> = 9,066) at Cohen Veterans Network clinics (2016-2021). MH discharge status was conceptualized as positive (e.g. achievement of goals) or negative (e.g. premature termination, dropout, failure to achieve goals). Logistic regression explored relationships between clinical, military, demographic indicators, and MH discharge status. Over half (52.1%) of clients achieved a positive MH discharge status. Each additional therapy session was associated with 34% higher odds of positive discharge outcomes (<i>OR</i> = 1.34; <i>p</i> < .001). Adjustment disorder diagnosis increased the odds of positive discharge outcomes (<i>OR</i> = 1.23; <i>p</i> < .01), while PTSD (<i>OR</i> = 0.66; <i>p</i> < .001), bipolar disorder (<i>OR</i> = 0.74; <i>p</i> < .05), and spousal problems (<i>OR</i> = 0.61; <i>p</i> < .001) decreased odds. Black and Hispanic/Latino clients had lower odds of a positive MH discharge status compared to White clients (<i>OR</i> = 0.88; <i>p</i> < .05 and OR = 0.84; <i>p</i> < .01, respectively). Depression symptoms at baseline decreased the odds by 3% (<i>OR</i> = 0.97; <i>p</i> < .001). Results highlight the need for support for younger, Black, and Hispanic/Latino clients, and those diagnosed with PTSD, depression, or spousal problems. Findings can guide strategies to support the engagement of military-connected individuals seeking care.</p>","PeriodicalId":18696,"journal":{"name":"Military Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147776339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jelli Grace C Luzano, Imelu G Mordeno, Edmarie Zoe J Gonzaga
{"title":"Complex PTSD latent dimensions: The role of posttraumatic cognitions in an active-duty military and police combatant sample.","authors":"Jelli Grace C Luzano, Imelu G Mordeno, Edmarie Zoe J Gonzaga","doi":"10.1080/08995605.2026.2664944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2026.2664944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) is marked by core PTSD symptoms and disturbances in self-organization (DSO). While the ICD-11 defines CPTSD through two higher-order factors, emerging evidence supports alternative models to the traditional structure. The present study aimed to: (1) identify the best-fitting model of CPTSD symptoms in Filipino combat-exposed military and police combatants and (2) examine how posttraumatic cognitions contribute to the expression of these symptoms. Study 1 investigated competing models using confirmatory factor analysis. In Study 2, posttraumatic cognitions were tested as predictors of each CPTSD symptom cluster in the best-fitting model. The correlated six-factor model demonstrated superior fit compared to alternative models. Posttraumatic cognitions significantly predicted symptoms across both PTSD (intrusions, avoidance, threat) and DSO (affective dysregulation, negative self-concept, relational disturbance). While negative cognitions predicted DSO symptoms, significant associations with PTSD symptoms were also observed. These findings support the conceptual and empirical utility of the six-factor model and suggest that posttraumatic cognitions exert a differential but residual influence across CPTSD symptom clusters. Results align with the Memory & Identity (M&I) theory, which posits that trauma-related cognitions affect both trauma memory processing and self-identity, contributing uniquely to symptom expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":18696,"journal":{"name":"Military Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147776294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From flexible leaders to innovative followers: A multilevel study of leader cognitive flexibility, psychological empowerment, leader identification and innovative behavior.","authors":"Nicola Cangialosi, Carlo Odoardi","doi":"10.1080/08995605.2026.2664919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2026.2664919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines the role of leader cognitive flexibility in fostering followers' innovative work behavior (IWB). Drawing on social learning theory, we propose that cognitively flexible leaders create an environment that inspires followers to generate, promote, and implement innovative ideas. Additionally, we investigate the mediating role of psychological empowerment and the moderating role of leader identification in shaping this relationship. We conducted a three-wave, multilevel study involving 437 personnel nested within 74 teams in the Italian Air Force. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was used to test cross-level effects, while mediation and moderated mediation analyses were conducted using bootstrapped confidence intervals. Results indicate that leader cognitive flexibility positively influences followers' IWB, with empowerment fully mediating this relationship. Additionally, leader identification moderates the mediation effect, such that the positive influence of leader cognitive flexibility on empowerment, and subsequently on IWB, is stronger for followers who strongly identify with their leader. This study extends existing leadership research by shifting the focus from leader behaviors and styles to leader cognitive abilities, highlighting the critical role of cognitive flexibility in promoting innovation at the individual level. It also underscores the importance of psychological empowerment as a mechanism through which leader cognition influences innovation and identifies leader identification as a key boundary condition that strengthens this effect. These insights provide a novel contribution to leadership and innovation literature while offering practical implications for leadership development in military organizations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18696,"journal":{"name":"Military Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147776296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of a family-based intervention on depression, burnout, and hazardous drinking among Korean military officers and non-commissioned officers.","authors":"Shin Myoung Sung, Hyun Lee, Jae Yop Kim","doi":"10.1080/08995605.2026.2659387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2026.2659387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Junior military officers and noncommissioned officers (NCOs) in South Korea are exposed to high levels of occupational and relational stress, placing them at increased risk for depression, burnout, and hazardous drinking. This study examined the effects of a family-based emotional intervention on these psychological outcomes among military personnel. Participants consisted of 59 officers and NCOs who voluntarily enrolled following unit-level recruitment and were assigned to either a treatment group (<i>n</i> = 30) or a comparison group (<i>n</i> = 29) using a preference-based allocation procedure. The treatment group participated in the Thank-You - Sorry - Love (TSL) program, while the comparison group received no intervention. Depression, burnout, and hazardous drinking were assessed at pretest and posttest using validated Korean versions of the PHQ-9, MBI-GS, and AUDIT, respectively. Mixed-design analyses indicated significant time × group interaction effects across outcomes, with participants in the treatment group demonstrating greater reductions over time compared to the comparison group. These findings suggest that family-based emotional interventions may contribute to improvements in psychological well-being and reductions in maladaptive coping behaviors among military personnel.</p>","PeriodicalId":18696,"journal":{"name":"Military Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147691194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Rothman, Robert D Shura, Treven C Pickett, William C Walker, Paul B Perrin, Joseph M Dzierzewski, Scott D McDonald, Larry A Tupler
{"title":"Traumatic brain injury and posttraumatic stress disorder examined with the Behavioral Dyscontrol Scale-II in post-9/11 veterans.","authors":"David Rothman, Robert D Shura, Treven C Pickett, William C Walker, Paul B Perrin, Joseph M Dzierzewski, Scott D McDonald, Larry A Tupler","doi":"10.1080/08995605.2026.2651486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2026.2651486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Post 9/11-era veterans and service members are at high risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) exposures. However, symptom overlap between these conditions presents challenges in differential diagnosis and discriminating the relative contributions of each when co-occurring. Neurological soft signs (NSS) represent a potential diagnostic tool given demonstrated associations with PTSD, but to date there is limited research assessing a possible association with mTBI history. The current study sought to identify whether NSS can discriminate between PTSD, mTBI, and their co-occurrence via a neuropsychological test of complex motor functioning, the Behavioral Dyscontrol Scale-II (BDS-II). The study sample included 241 post-9/11 veterans. After adjusting for symptom and performance validity, study results indicated that NSS as measured by the BDS-II did not discriminate between the mTBI, PTSD, and co-occurring mTBI+PTSD groups. Additionally, in contrast to previous research, no association was observed between NSS and PTSD symptoms. Findings do not support NSS insofar as their utility in discrimination between mTBI and PTSD.</p>","PeriodicalId":18696,"journal":{"name":"Military Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147623492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Navy warfighter perspectives on mindfulness practices for combat readiness.","authors":"Leigh Ann Perry, Lisa M Kerr","doi":"10.1080/08995605.2026.2652729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2026.2652729","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mindfulness practices have been empirically linked to enhancements in cognitive performance, attention, emotion regulation, and resilience, all of which are essential capacities for military personnel engaged in sustained high-stress environments. However, little research has examined how U.S. Navy (USN) warfighters perceive the relevance and applicability of mindfulness practices for warfighter readiness. This study analyzes qualitative feedback from USN Sailors who participated in educational sessions introducing the science and practical application of mindfulness for warfighting readiness. Data were collected through a survey. Inductive thematic analysis revealed consistent themes related to the participants' perceived benefits of and barriers to incorporating mindfulness practices among the fleet as a part of enhancing Sailor readiness. Four themes related to the benefits of mindfulness practices for readiness emerged, including increasing focus for mission readiness, fostering resilience through adaptive readiness, promoting stress management and emotion regulation, and improving decision-making under stress. Three themes related to perceived barriers and their mitigation emerged, including operational demands and competing priorities, skepticism and lack of understanding, and institutional support and leadership integration. Findings suggest that mindfulness practices are viewed by USN warfighters as a meaningful, feasible, and relevant tool for strengthening cognitive fitness and psychological readiness for sustained combat.</p>","PeriodicalId":18696,"journal":{"name":"Military Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147609159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}