Microbiology and Immunology最新文献

Targeting Inflammatory Alarmin S100A9 Modulates Activation of Pro-Inflammatory Macrophage to Protect Nasal Epithelial Cells From LPS-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. 靶向炎性警报蛋白S100A9调节促炎巨噬细胞活化保护lps诱导的鼻上皮细胞向间质转化

IF 1.8 4区医学

Microbiology and Immunology Pub Date : 2026-05-06 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.70060

Yunxiang Ji, Jia Luan, Fang Yuan, Zhao Wang, Ran Wei, Guangbin Sun

{"title":"Targeting Inflammatory Alarmin S100A9 Modulates Activation of Pro-Inflammatory Macrophage to Protect Nasal Epithelial Cells From LPS-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition.","authors":"Yunxiang Ji, Jia Luan, Fang Yuan, Zhao Wang, Ran Wei, Guangbin Sun","doi":"10.1111/1348-0421.70060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1348-0421.70060","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) exhibits pronounced endotypic heterogeneity, with macrophages serving as key drivers of sustained mucosal inflammation. In this study, we identify S100A9 as a macrophage-derived alarmin that is markedly elevated in CRSwNP tissues. Integrative analyses of public bulk transcriptomic datasets and single-cell RNA-sequencing atlases demonstrated that S100A9 expression was predominantly enriched in macrophage clusters, where it showed strong co-expression with canonical M1-associated markers, while exhibiting limited expression in epithelial cell subsets. Spatial and correlation analyses further supported a close association between S100A9⁺ macrophages and epithelial barrier-related gene signatures. Functionally, shRNA-mediated silencing of S100A9 attenuated M1-like macrophage polarization, as evidenced by reduced expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and polarization markers, accompanied by a shift toward a less inflammatory macrophage phenotype. Conditioned media derived from S100A9-deficient macrophages significantly mitigated epithelial injury, leading to restoration of epithelial barrier integrity, as indicated by enhanced expression of tight junction proteins, including occludin and claudins. Importantly, S100A9 knockdown disrupted the pathogenic macrophage-epithelial inflammatory feedback loop, thereby dampening sustained inflammatory signaling and limiting epithelial barrier breakdown that perpetuates tissue damage in CRSwNP. Clinically, elevated S100A9 levels correlated with disease severity indices and effectively distinguished a macrophage-enriched inflammatory endotype of CRSwNP, highlighting S100A9 as both a mechanistic driver and a potential biomarker for disease stratification. Collectively, these findings position S100A9 as a mechanistic mediator and a promising therapeutic target for CRSwNP.","PeriodicalId":18679,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genetic Characterization of Avian Rotavirus A From Japanese Pigeons. 日本鸽子源禽A型轮状病毒的遗传特征。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Microbiology and Immunology Pub Date : 2026-05-04 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.70062

Masaji Mase, Tohru Suzuki

{"title":"Genetic Characterization of Avian Rotavirus A From Japanese Pigeons.","authors":"Masaji Mase, Tohru Suzuki","doi":"10.1111/1348-0421.70062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1348-0421.70062","url":null,"abstract":"Rotavirus A infects many animal species, including humans, and causes severe diarrhea and acute gastrointestinal diseases. This virus also infects various bird species including pigeons; however, information on avian rotavirus A (ARVA) infection in pigeon populations in Japan is limited. Here, we retrospectively report the genetic characterization based on whole-genome sequences of two Japanese ARVA isolates from pigeons in 2012. The isolates were obtained by inoculation into primary chicken kidney cell cultures and subsequently subjected to near-complete genome sequencing using an NGS system. The genotype constellation of the two ARVA isolates was G18-P[17]-I4-R4-C4-M4-A4-N4-T4-E19-H4, which were identical to those derived from several pigeons. Genetic analysis based on each segment revealed that the genomic sequences of all 11 genes from these ARVAs are closely related to those of ARVAs from foreign countries such as Germany, Italy, or China rather than those of the Japanese ARVAs in previous reports. These data suggest an ancestor common to the ARVA analyzed in this study might be distributed and maintained worldwide. This information will help researchers better understand the evolution and epidemiology of ARVA in feral birds.","PeriodicalId":18679,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147817572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Increased Levels of High Mobility Group Box 1 in the Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Murine Pneumococcal Pneumonia Model. 小鼠肺炎球菌肺炎模型支气管肺泡灌洗液高迁移率组1水平升高

IF 1.8 4区医学

Microbiology and Immunology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-20 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.70054

Fumio Takizawa, Hisanori Domon, Satoru Hirayama, Toshihito Isono, Rui Saito, Yoshihito Yasui, Mana Endo, Daisuke Yonezawa, Tomoki Maekawa, Koichi Tabeta, Yutaka Terao

引用次数: 0

Distribution of Lantibiotic Susceptibility and Its Association With Two-Component Regulatory Systems in Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates. 金黄色葡萄球菌临床分离株抗生素敏感性分布及其与双组分调控系统的关系

IF 1.8 4区医学

Microbiology and Immunology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-12 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.70056

Airi Odawara, Yujin Suzuki, Miki Kawada-Matsuo, Junzo Hisatsune, Chika Arai, Yo Sugawara, Motoyuki Sugai, Souichi Yanamoto, Hitoshi Komatsuzawa

{"title":"Distribution of Lantibiotic Susceptibility and Its Association With Two-Component Regulatory Systems in Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates.","authors":"Airi Odawara, Yujin Suzuki, Miki Kawada-Matsuo, Junzo Hisatsune, Chika Arai, Yo Sugawara, Motoyuki Sugai, Souichi Yanamoto, Hitoshi Komatsuzawa","doi":"10.1111/1348-0421.70056","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1348-0421.70056","url":null,"abstract":"Bacteriocins, antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria, are expected to be novel antimicrobial agents. Previous studies demonstrated that several two-component regulatory systems (TCSs) linked to the expression of lantibiotic transporters are involved in resistance to lantibiotics in Staphylococcus aureus. In this study, we examined the susceptibility to four Class Ia bacteriocins (lantibiotics) among clinical isolates of S. aureus and sought to reveal the mechanisms underlying differences in susceptibility among strains. A direct assay was performed using nisin A, Pep5, nukacin ISK-1, and epidermin-producing strains to examine the susceptibility of 149 S. aureus isolates isolated from nasal cavity or bloodstream infections. Among them, some strains showed significantly higher susceptibility to epidermin, nukacin ISK-1, and nisin A. These strains did not show the induction of transporter-encoded vraD expression in the presence of nisin A, suggesting impaired TCS BraRS function. Some strains harbored frameshifts or nonsense mutations in braR, braA, and braB or the absence of transporter-encoded vraDEH genes. In addition, strains with frameshifts in TCS GraR and transporter VraG genes showed increased susceptibility to nisin A, Pep5, and nukacin ISK-1. When comparing the susceptibility among MLST-defined clonal complexes (CCs), CC45 showed higher susceptibility to nisin A, Pep5, and nukacin ISK-1, while CC5 exhibited low susceptibility to them. CC45 also showed higher susceptibility within the BraRS-disrupted strains. The net negative charge of the cell surface did not vary significantly among CCs, suggesting the involvement of factors other than BraRS and GraRS. These findings provide important insights for evaluating bacteriocins as novel antimicrobial agents against S. aureus.","PeriodicalId":18679,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"268-279"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147675008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emergence and Genomic Characterization of a Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolate From a New Clone in Brazil. 巴西一个新克隆的高致病性肺炎克雷伯菌分离株的出现和基因组特征。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Microbiology and Immunology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-27 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.70052

Carlos Henrique Camargo, Ana Beatriz Nascimento Costa, Amanda Yaeko Yamada, Daniel de Sena Miranda, Pedro Smith Pereira Ferraro, Andreia Rodrigues de Souza, Amanda Maria de Jesus Bertani, Karoline Rodrigues Campos, Marlon Benedito Nascimento Santos, Rafaela Mastrangelo Rissetti, Carolina Lechinski de Paula, Patrik Júnior de Lima Paz, Maria Solange Duarte Soares, Christiane Salvador, Giovanna de Pinho Pieri, Jorge Siguemassa Higa, Daniela Dos Santos Souza, Márcio Garcia Ribeiro, Claudio Tavares Sacchi, Monique Ribeiro Tiba-Casas, Geraldine Madalosso, Denise Brandao de Assis

{"title":"Emergence and Genomic Characterization of a Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolate From a New Clone in Brazil.","authors":"Carlos Henrique Camargo, Ana Beatriz Nascimento Costa, Amanda Yaeko Yamada, Daniel de Sena Miranda, Pedro Smith Pereira Ferraro, Andreia Rodrigues de Souza, Amanda Maria de Jesus Bertani, Karoline Rodrigues Campos, Marlon Benedito Nascimento Santos, Rafaela Mastrangelo Rissetti, Carolina Lechinski de Paula, Patrik Júnior de Lima Paz, Maria Solange Duarte Soares, Christiane Salvador, Giovanna de Pinho Pieri, Jorge Siguemassa Higa, Daniela Dos Santos Souza, Márcio Garcia Ribeiro, Claudio Tavares Sacchi, Monique Ribeiro Tiba-Casas, Geraldine Madalosso, Denise Brandao de Assis","doi":"10.1111/1348-0421.70052","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1348-0421.70052","url":null,"abstract":"Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) has emerged globally as a major public health concern, often associated with severe community-acquired and healthcare-associated human infections. Despite alerts from PAHO/WHO on convergent hvKp strains with multidrug resistance in Latin America, comprehensive data from Brazil, the region's largest country, remain lacking. We performed a retrospective and prospective large-scale surveillance of clinical, veterinary, and community isolates to identify hypervirulent and resistant K. pneumoniae. Among 1,008 isolates screened, one strain (ID_074_25) met hvKp criteria, displaying key virulence loci. Whole-genome sequencing confirmed its genomic features, including a novel sequence type and a novel cluster in NCBI Pathogen Detection tool. This study underscores the need for national surveillance and capacity-building in reference laboratories.","PeriodicalId":18679,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"261-267"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13140776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147531024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Establishment and Evaluation of Human iPS Cell-Derived Myeloid Cell Lines Susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2易感人iPS细胞衍生髓系的建立与评价

IF 1.8 4区医学

Microbiology and Immunology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-10 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.70053

Takayuki Hishiki, Yuka Yoshimura, Rieko Suzuki, Ami Murakami, Yua Saito, Naomi Tanga, Jun Shimizu, Koichi Watashi, Tomohiko Takasaki, Kazuo Miyazaki

引用次数: 0

LC3-Associated Phagocytosis in Hepatitis C Virus-Induced Fibrosis. 丙型肝炎病毒诱导纤维化中lc3相关吞噬作用的研究

IF 1.8 4区医学

Microbiology and Immunology Pub Date : 2026-04-29 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.70058

Nermine Magdi Riad, Zainab Wafik Masoud, Yasmine Gaber, Rabab El Hawary, Ayman Yosry, Hend H Tamim, Naglaa Ali Zayed, Mariam Onsy F Hanna

{"title":"LC3-Associated Phagocytosis in Hepatitis C Virus-Induced Fibrosis.","authors":"Nermine Magdi Riad, Zainab Wafik Masoud, Yasmine Gaber, Rabab El Hawary, Ayman Yosry, Hend H Tamim, Naglaa Ali Zayed, Mariam Onsy F Hanna","doi":"10.1111/1348-0421.70058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1348-0421.70058","url":null,"abstract":"During LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP), a non-canonical form of autophagy, LC3 is recruited to pathogen and apoptotic cells containing phagosomes, where the phagocytosed cargo is degraded. Given the importance of LAP in host defense and the role of phagocytic cells in liver inflammation and fibrosis, this study assessed LAP in peripheral blood neutrophils and monocytes from patients with variable degrees of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis secondary to viral hepatitis C infection. LAP was quantified by flow cytometry using labeled zymosan as a stimulus to engage LAP and LC3 antibodies to detect LC3 recruitment. LAP engagement was evaluated as the integrated mean fluorescence intensity of LC3 in zymosan-positive cells. LAP was enhanced in patients with mild to moderate liver fibrosis (stages F1-F2) compared with patients with no fibrosis (F0) and severe fibrosis or cirrhosis (stages F3-F4). Furthermore, LAP in both neutrophils and monocytes correlated with the stage of fibrosis from F0 to F2, indicating that as the process of fibrosis progressed in the early stages, LAP activity increased. No differences in LAP were observed between treatment-naïve and those who received direct acting antiviral therapy and achieved sustained virologic response (SVR), suggesting that the process of fibrosis had a more significant impact on LAP, rather than the presence or absence of HCV infection. In conclusion, LAP is enhanced in circulating phagocytes during early stages of HCV-related fibrosis but declines in advanced disease, independent of treatment status and SVR.","PeriodicalId":18679,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147776137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a Novel Real-Time PCR Assay Differentiating Burkholderia mallei From Burkholderia pseudomallei. 马氏伯克氏菌与假马利氏伯克氏菌实时荧光定量PCR鉴别方法的建立。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Microbiology and Immunology Pub Date : 2026-04-29 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.70061

Ai Koshikawa, Yoshiki Ichikawa, Mitsuru Nakase, Apichai Tuanyok, Vannarat Saechan, Keisuke Aoshima, Hideaki Higashi, Chie Nakajima, Yasuhiko Suzuki, Vanaabaatar Batbaatar, Takashi Kimura

{"title":"Development of a Novel Real-Time PCR Assay Differentiating Burkholderia mallei From Burkholderia pseudomallei.","authors":"Ai Koshikawa, Yoshiki Ichikawa, Mitsuru Nakase, Apichai Tuanyok, Vannarat Saechan, Keisuke Aoshima, Hideaki Higashi, Chie Nakajima, Yasuhiko Suzuki, Vanaabaatar Batbaatar, Takashi Kimura","doi":"10.1111/1348-0421.70061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1348-0421.70061","url":null,"abstract":"Glanders is a zoonotic disease caused by Burkholderia mallei (Bm). Bm is phylogenetically similar to B. pseudomallei (Bp), the causative agent of melioidosis, making it difficult to differentiate between them. Recently, the PCR method recommended by the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) failed to detect a Kuwait strain of Bm, and the WOAH has cautioned that ongoing Bm evolution may lead to the emergence of variants that escape standard assays. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a novel real-time PCR method to discriminate between Bm and Bp. Local and web-based BLAST searches identified a 494-bp sequence conserved across Bm but absent from other bacterial genomes, including Bp, except for one B. thailandensis strain. The optimized probe-based real-time PCR targeting this sequence detected the genomes of five Bm isolates but did not amplify DNA from closely related Burkholderia species. In clinical specimens from Mongolia, this assay amplified Bm DNA at an equivalent detection rate to the WOAH-recommended real-time PCR method. These findings provide a novel, highly sensitive diagnostic method for differentiating glanders from melioidosis and suggest its potential use as an alternative method in clinical applications. Further verification using a large number of samples collected from various regions will be necessary in the future.","PeriodicalId":18679,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147776111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Short-Term Promotion of Beneficial Skin Commensal Staphylococcus Species Growth by PS-B1, a Postbiotic Composed of Lactic Acid Bacteria-Fermented Soy Milk. 乳酸菌-豆浆复合后生物PS-B1短期促进有益皮肤共生葡萄球菌生长

IF 1.8 4区医学

Microbiology and Immunology Pub Date : 2026-04-27 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.70057

Osamu Funatsu, Hiroko Ishii, Reiko Shimatsu, Yutaka Shimokawa, Akihiko Asahina, Itaru Dekio

{"title":"Short-Term Promotion of Beneficial Skin Commensal Staphylococcus Species Growth by PS-B1, a Postbiotic Composed of Lactic Acid Bacteria-Fermented Soy Milk.","authors":"Osamu Funatsu, Hiroko Ishii, Reiko Shimatsu, Yutaka Shimokawa, Akihiko Asahina, Itaru Dekio","doi":"10.1111/1348-0421.70057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1348-0421.70057","url":null,"abstract":"Postbiotics, defined as non-viable microbial cells, their components, or metabolites, are emerging functional ingredients that can modulate host health, including skin barrier function, immune responses, and microbial balance. The human skin microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining skin health, and the selective stimulation of beneficial commensals is of growing interest for cosmetic applications. PS-B1, a postbiotic derived from lactic acid bacteria during soy fermentation, is already used in beverages and cosmetics, but its direct effects on skin-resident bacteria have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the effects of preservative-containing and preservative-free PS-B1 on the growth of twelve Staphylococcus strains and seven Cutibacterium acnes strains in vitro. The preservative-containing PS-B1 showed strong growth inhibition for all strains at higher concentrations. In contrast, the preservative-free PS-B1 significantly promoted the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hominis, and Staphylococcus lugdunensis, while Staphylococcus warneri was the only strain exhibiting growth inhibition. Other species showed no notable changes. Additionally, all C. acnes strains displayed slight growth enhancement. These results indicate that preservative-free PS-B1 selectively stimulates beneficial skin commensals, particularly S. hominis, revealing a previously unrecognized potential of PS-B1 to support a balanced skin microbiome.","PeriodicalId":18679,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147776142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Conserved U14-Mediated NF-κB Activation in Human Herpesvirus 6A and 6B. 保守的u14介导的NF-κB在人疱疹病毒6A和6B中的活化

IF 1.8 4区医学

Microbiology and Immunology Pub Date : 2026-04-21 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.70059

Khoir Amaliin, Aila Gulijiahani, Mansaku Hirai, Yasuko Mori, Jun Arii

{"title":"Conserved U14-Mediated NF-κB Activation in Human Herpesvirus 6A and 6B.","authors":"Khoir Amaliin, Aila Gulijiahani, Mansaku Hirai, Yasuko Mori, Jun Arii","doi":"10.1111/1348-0421.70059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1348-0421.70059","url":null,"abstract":"Human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) is the most prevalent HHV-6 species in humans and is associated with roseola infantum, febrile seizures, and increased morbidity following reactivation in immunocompromised patients. Herpesviruses frequently modulate NF-κB, a central regulator of inflammatory gene expression, to promote viral gene expression and replication. The HHV-6A tegument protein U14 activates NF-κB, but whether this activity is conserved in HHV-6B and contributes to infection-associated outputs has remained unclear. Here, we evaluated HHV-6A and HHV-6B U14 in a transient NF-κB reporter assay and examined U14 function during HHV-6B infection using two independent U14-targeting shRNAs. Both U14 orthologs activated an NF-κB reporter. During HHV-6B infection in MT-4 cells, U14 knockdown reduced phosphorylation of p65 (Ser536) and was accompanied by decreased mRNA levels of the immediate-early viral gene IE2 and the early viral genes U27 and U38, as well as reduced release of viral genomes into culture supernatants. U14 knockdown also reduced IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8 transcript levels, consistent with attenuation of an NF-κB-linked cytokine transcriptional program. Together, these results extend U14-mediated NF-κB activation to HHV-6B and link U14 depletion to reduced viral gene expression and productive replication.","PeriodicalId":18679,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147776098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0