MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report最新文献

{"title":"Influenza, COVID-19, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination Coverage Among Adults - United States, Fall 2024.","authors":"Jennifer L Kriss, Carla L Black, Hilda Razzaghi, Mehreen Meghani, Ashley Tippins, Tammy A Santibanez, Shannon Stokley, Kevin Chatham-Stephens, Nicole F Dowling, Georgina Peacock, James A Singleton","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7346a1","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7346a1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends annual influenza and COVID-19 vaccination for all persons aged ≥6 months, including adults aged ≥18 years. ACIP also recommends a single lifetime dose of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine for adults aged ≥75 years and for those aged 60-74 years who are at increased risk for severe RSV disease. Data from the National Immunization Survey-Adult COVID Module, a random-digit-dialed cellular telephone survey of U.S. adults aged ≥18 years, are used to monitor influenza, COVID-19, and RSV vaccination coverage. By the week ending November 9, 2024, an estimated 34.7% of adults aged ≥18 years reported having received an influenza vaccine, and 17.9% reported having received a COVID-19 vaccine for the 2024-25 respiratory virus season; 39.7% of adults aged ≥75 years, and 31.6% of adults aged 60-74 years at increased risk for severe RSV, had ever received an RSV vaccine. Coverage varied by jurisdiction and demographic characteristics and was lowest among younger adults and those without health insurance. Although early season estimates indicate that many adults are unprotected from respiratory virus infections, many appeared open to vaccination: overall, approximately 35% and 41% of adults aged ≥18 years reported that they definitely or probably will receive or were unsure about receiving influenza and COVID-19 vaccines, respectively, and 40% of adults aged ≥75 years reported that they definitely or probably will receive or were unsure about receiving RSV vaccine. Health care providers and immunization programs still have time to expand outreach activities and promote vaccination to increase coverage in preparation for the height of the respiratory virus season. Using these data can help health care providers and immunization programs identify undervaccinated populations and understand vaccination patterns to guide planning, implementation, and evaluation of vaccination activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"73 46","pages":"1044-1051"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11581203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142687369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Real-Time Changes in Direction of COVID-19 Transmission Using National- and State-Level Epidemic Trends Based on R_t Estimates - United States Overall and New Mexico, April-October 2024.","authors":"Danielle M Richard, Zachary Susswein, Sarah Connolly, Adán Myers Y Gutiérrez, Roselyn Thalathara, Kelly Carey, Emily H Koumans, Diba Khan, Nina B Masters, Nathan McIntosh, Patrick Corbett, Isaac Ghinai, Rebecca Kahn, Adrienne Keen, Juliet Pulliam, Daniel Sosin, Katelyn Gostic","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7346a3","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7346a3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Public health practitioners rely on timely surveillance data for planning and decision-making; however, surveillance data are often subject to delays. Epidemic trend categories, based on time-varying effective reproductive number (R_t) estimates that use nowcasting methods, can mitigate reporting lags in surveillance data and detect changes in community transmission before reporting is completed. CDC analyzed the performance of epidemic trend categories for COVID-19 during summer 2024 in the United States and at the state level in New Mexico. COVID-19 epidemic trend categories were estimated and released in real time based on preliminary data, then retrospectively compared with final emergency department (ED) visit data to determine their ability to detect or confirm real-time changes in subsequent ED visits. Across the United States and in New Mexico, epidemic trend categories were an early indicator of increases in COVID-19 community transmission, signifying increases in COVID-19 community transmission in May, and a confirmatory indicator that decreasing COVID-19 ED visits reflected actual decreases in COVID-19 community transmission in September, rather than incomplete reporting. Public health decision-makers can use epidemic trend categories, in combination with other surveillance indicators, to understand whether COVID-19 community transmission and subsequent ED visits are increasing, decreasing, or not changing; this information can guide communications decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"73 46","pages":"1058-1063"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11581206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142687366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Underutilization of Influenza Antiviral Treatment Among Children and Adolescents at Higher Risk for Influenza-Associated Complications - United States, 2023-2024.","authors":"Aaron M Frutos, Haris M Ahmad, Dawud Ujamaa, Alissa C O'Halloran, Janet A Englund, Eileen J Klein, Danielle M Zerr, Melanie Crossland, Holly Staten, Julie A Boom, Leila C Sahni, Natasha B Halasa, Laura S Stewart, Olla Hamdan, Tess Stopczynski, William Schaffner, H Keipp Talbot, Marian G Michaels, John V Williams, Melissa Sutton, M Andraya Hendrick, Mary A Staat, Elizabeth P Schlaudecker, Brenda L Tesini, Christina B Felsen, Geoffrey A Weinberg, Peter G Szilagyi, Bridget J Anderson, Jemma V Rowlands, Murtada Khalifa, Marc Martinez, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Jennifer E Schuster, Ruth Lynfield, Melissa McMahon, Sue Kim, Val Tellez Nunez, Patricia A Ryan, Maya L Monroe, Yun F Wang, Kyle P Openo, James Meek, Kimberly Yousey-Hindes, Nisha B Alden, Isaac Armistead, Suchitra Rao, Shua J Chai, Pam Daily Kirley, Ariana P Toepfer, Fatimah S Dawood, Heidi L Moline, Timothy M Uyeki, Sascha Ellington, Shikha Garg, Catherine H Bozio, Samantha M Olson","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7345a2","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7345a2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Annually, tens of thousands of U.S. children and adolescents are hospitalized with seasonal influenza virus infection. Both influenza vaccination and early initiation of antiviral treatment can reduce complications of influenza. Using data from two U.S. influenza surveillance networks for children and adolescents aged <18 years with medically attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza for whom antiviral treatment is recommended, the percentage who received treatment was calculated. Trends in antiviral treatment of children and adolescents hospitalized with influenza from the 2017-18 to the 2023-2024 influenza seasons were also examined. Since 2017-18, when 70%-86% of hospitalized children and adolescents with influenza received antiviral treatment, the proportion receiving treatment notably declined. Among children and adolescents with influenza during the 2023-24 season, 52%-59% of those hospitalized received antiviral treatment. During the 2023-24 season, 31% of those at higher risk for influenza complications seen in the outpatient setting in one network were prescribed antiviral treatment. These findings demonstrate that influenza antiviral treatment is underutilized among children and adolescents who could benefit from treatment. All hospitalized children and adolescents, and those at higher risk for influenza complications in the outpatient setting, should receive antiviral treatment as soon as possible for suspected or confirmed influenza.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"73 45","pages":"1022-1029"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11576051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142623972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Rash Illness Outbreak with Initial Positive Measles Immunoglobulin M Antibody Test Results - American Samoa, March-July 2023.","authors":"Ruth Stefanos, Sabrina Schatzman, Brian Wakeman, Kelley Raines, Lakshmi Radhakrishnan, Thomas D Filardo, Stephen N Crooke, Bettina Bankamp, R Suzanne Beard, Terry Fei Fan Ng, Rachel L Marine, Suxiang Tong, Adam Konrote, Astrid M Johansson, Annette Fa'alevao Ilimaleota, Motusa Tuileama Nua, Sarah K Kemble, Edward Desmond, Paul A Rota, Janell A Routh, W Thane Hancock, David E Sugerman, Magele Scott Anesi","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7345a3","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7345a3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>On April 24, 2023, the American Samoa Department of Health (ASDoH) declared a public health emergency amid concern about a possible measles outbreak given low 2-dose vaccination coverage at the time. ASDoH had received two positive measles immunoglobulin (Ig) M test results after Flag Day festivities 1 week earlier from vaccinated children. ASDoH performed active case finding, took actions to mitigate transmission, and requested technical assistance from CDC. ASDoH implemented a vaccination campaign to improve suboptimal coverage. Confirmatory molecular testing of specimens from these initial persons under investigation (PUIs) was not possible, but subsequent testing of specimens from additional PUIs by Hawaii State Laboratories Division and CDC ruled out measles. In settings with low measles prevalence, measles antibody testing results have low positive predictive value and can lead to difficulties with interpreting results. Testing for additional pathogens revealed a variety of viruses known to cause common childhood viral exanthems. Both molecular and serologic testing should be performed for all suspected measles cases. To decrease the probability of false-positive IgM results, testing should be reserved for cases that meet the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists measles case definition, especially those in persons with no evidence of immunity and with a history of recent international travel. In addition, maintaining high measles vaccination coverage can prevent future outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"73 45","pages":"1030-1035"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11576048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142623961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nirsevimab Effectiveness Against Medically Attended Respiratory Syncytial Virus Illness and Hospitalization Among Alaska Native Children - Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta Region, Alaska, October 2023-June 2024.","authors":"Brian Lefferts, Sara Bressler, James W Keck, Christine Desnoyers, Ellen Hodges, Gerald January, Kristina Morris, Leslie Herrmann, Rosalyn Singleton, Sarah Aho, Julia Rogers, Katherine Newell, Elizabeth Ohlsen, Ruth Link-Gelles, Fatimah S Dawood, Dana Bruden, Marc Fischer, Joseph Klejka, Heather M Scobie","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7345a1","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7345a1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of hospitalization among young children. Historically, American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) children have experienced high rates of RSV-associated hospitalization. In August 2023, a preventive monoclonal antibody (nirsevimab) was recommended for all infants aged <8 months (born during or entering their first RSV season) and for children aged 8-19 months (entering their second RSV season) who have increased risk for severe RSV illness, including all AI/AN children. This evaluation in Alaska's Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta region estimated nirsevimab effectiveness among AI/AN children in their first or second RSV seasons during 2023-2024. Among 472 children with medically attended acute respiratory illness (ARI), 48% overall had received nirsevimab ≥7 days earlier (median = 91 days before the ARI-related visit). For children in their first RSV season (292), nirsevimab effectiveness was 76% (95% CI = 42%-90%) against medically attended RSV illness and 89% (95% CI = 32%-98%) against RSV hospitalization. For children in their second RSV season (180), effectiveness against medically attended RSV illness was 88% (95% CI = 48%-97%). Nirsevimab is effective for preventing severe RSV illness among infants entering their first RSV season and children entering their second season with increased risk for severe RSV, including all AI/AN children.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"73 45","pages":"1015-1021"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11576050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142623931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress Toward Measles Elimination - Worldwide, 2000-2023.","authors":"Anna A Minta, Matt Ferrari, Sebastien Antoni, Brian Lambert, Takudzwa S Sayi, Christopher H Hsu, Claudia Steulet, Marta Gacic-Dobo, Paul A Rota, Mick N Mulders, Alice Wimmer, Anindya Sekhar Bose, Patrick O'Connor, Natasha S Crowcroft","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7345a4","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7345a4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Measles vaccination effectively prevents measles, a highly contagious disease that can cause severe complications and death and requires high population immunity to interrupt transmission. This report describes measles elimination progress during 2000-2023. During 2000-2023, an estimated 60.3 million measles deaths were averted by vaccination. However, despite commitment from all six World Health Organization regions to eliminate measles, no region has successfully achieved and maintained measles elimination as of the end of 2023. During the COVID-19 pandemic, estimated global coverage with the first dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) declined to 81%, the lowest level since 2008. MCV1 coverage improved to 83% in 2022 but was unchanged in 2023. From 2022 to 2023, estimated measles cases increased 20% worldwide, from 8,645,000 to 10,341,000; the number of countries experiencing large or disruptive outbreaks increased from 36 to 57. Estimated measles deaths decreased 8%, from 116,800 in 2022 to 107,500 in 2023, primarily because an increased number of cases occurred in countries with lower risk for death. The stagnation in MCV1 coverage means millions of children remain unprotected, leading to increases in cases and outbreaks. Coverage with measles-containing vaccine (MCV) is lower, and measles incidence is higher, in low-income countries and countries experiencing fragile, conflict-affected, and vulnerable settings, which exacerbate inequities. Urgent and targeted efforts are needed to ensure that all children receive 2 MCV doses and that surveillance is strengthened to hasten progress toward measles elimination.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"73 45","pages":"1036-1042"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11576049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142623969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress Toward Global Dracunculiasis (Guinea Worm Disease) Eradication, January 2023-June 2024.","authors":"Donald R Hopkins, Adam J Weiss, Sarah Yerian, Yujing Zhao, Sarah G H Sapp, Vitaliano A Cama","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7344a1","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7344a1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effort to eradicate Dracunculus medinensis, the etiologic agent of dracunculiasis, or Guinea worm disease, began at CDC in 1980. In 1986, with an estimated 3.5 million global cases in 20 African and Asian countries, the World Health Assembly called for dracunculiasis elimination. The Guinea Worm Eradication Program (GWEP) was established to help countries with endemic dracunculiasis reach this goal. GWEP is led by The Carter Center and supported by partners, including the countries with endemic disease, CDC, UNICEF, and the World Health Organization. Since 2012, infections in dogs, cats, and baboons have posed a new challenge for GWEP, as have ongoing civil unrest and insecurity in some areas. As of June 2024, dracunculiasis remained endemic in five countries (Angola, Chad, Ethiopia, Mali, and South Sudan). Fourteen human cases and 886 animal infections occurred, including 407 dogs in Chad and 248 dogs in Cameroon, reported in 2023, and three human cases and 297 animal infections reported during January-June 2024. Animal infections, primarily in dogs in Cameroon and Chad, and impeded access due to civil unrest and insecurity in Mali, threaten the near-term possibility of global eradication. Nevertheless, countries appear poised to reach zero cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"73 44","pages":"991-998"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11542772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"QuickStats: Percentage* of Children and Adolescents Aged 12-17 Years Who Participated in 60 Minutes of Physical Activity Most Days or Every Day,^† by Daily Hours of Screen Time Use^§ - United States, July 2021-December 2023.","authors":"","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7344a5","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7344a5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"73 44","pages":"1013"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11542771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personal Protective Equipment Use by Dairy Farmworkers Exposed to Cows Infected with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Viruses - Colorado, 2024.","authors":"Kristen E Marshall, Cara C Drehoff, Nisha Alden, Sophia Montoya, Ginger Stringer, Allison Kohnen, Alexandra Mellis, Sascha Ellington, Jordan Singleton, Carrie Reed, Rachel Herlihy","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7344a2","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7344a2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The risk for transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus from dairy cows to humans is currently low; however, personal protective equipment (PPE) use during work activities on dairy farms has not been well described. PPE use can protect farmworkers when they are working with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1)-infected cows. The Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE) and the Colorado Department of Agriculture (CDA) offered PPE to all Colorado farms before or during an A(H5N1) outbreak in cows in 2024. CDPHE surveyed 83 dairy workers from three farms with a confirmed bovine A(H5N1) outbreak. Frequently reported farm worker activities included milking cows or working in the milking parlor (51%), cleaning cow manure (49%), and transporting cows (46%). Frequently reported PPE items available to workers before A(H5N1) outbreaks included gloves (88%), eye protection (e.g., safety glasses or goggles) (76%), rubber boots or boot covers (71%), and head covers (69%). N95 respirator use was low among workers who were exposed to ill cows after detection of A(H5N1) virus (26%). PPE use while working with ill cows increased a mean of 28% after detection of A(H5N1) virus on surveyed farms; use of eye protection while milking cows increased the most (40%). Public health PPE distribution, education, and collaboration with CDA might have increased PPE use on dairy farms with A(H5N1) virus-infected cows and mitigated risk for farmworkers acquiring A(H5N1) virus.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"73 44","pages":"999-1003"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11542769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serologic Evidence of Recent Infection with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5) Virus Among Dairy Workers - Michigan and Colorado, June-August 2024.","authors":"Alexandra M Mellis, Joseph Coyle, Kristen E Marshall, Aaron M Frutos, Jordan Singleton, Cara Drehoff, Angiezel Merced-Morales, H Pamela Pagano, Rachel O Alade, Elizabeth B White, Emma K Noble, Crystal Holiday, Feng Liu, Stacie Jefferson, Zhu-Nan Li, F Liani Gross, Sonja J Olsen, Vivien G Dugan, Carrie Reed, Sascha Ellington, Sophia Montoya, Allison Kohnen, Ginger Stringer, Nisha Alden, Peter Blank, Derick Chia, Natasha Bagdasarian, Rachel Herlihy, Sarah Lyon-Callo, Min Z Levine","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7344a3","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7344a3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since April 2024, sporadic infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) viruses have been detected among dairy farm workers in the United States. To date, infections have mostly been detected through worker monitoring, and have been mild despite the possibility of more severe illness. During June-August 2024, CDC collaborated with the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services and the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment to implement cross-sectional serologic surveys to ascertain the prevalence of recent infection with HPAI A(H5) virus among dairy workers. In both states, a convenience sample of persons who work in dairies was interviewed, and blood specimens were collected. Among 115 persons, eight (7%; 95% CI = 3.6%-13.1%) had serologic evidence of recent infection with A(H5) virus; all reported milking cows or cleaning the milking parlor. Among persons with serologic evidence of infection, four recalled being ill around the time cows were ill; symptoms began before or within a few days of A(H5) virus detections among cows. This finding supports the need to identify and implement strategies to prevent transmission among dairy cattle to reduce worker exposures and for education and outreach to dairy workers concerning prevention, symptoms, and where to seek medical care if the workers develop symptoms. Timely identification of infected herds can support rapid initiation of monitoring, testing, and treatment for human illness, including mild illness, among exposed dairy workers.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"73 44","pages":"1004-1009"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11542770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}