Modern Chemistry & Applications最新文献_第9页

Anodic Oxidation of Chlorinated Pesticides on BDD and PbO2 Electrodes: Kinetics, Influential Factors and Mechanism Determination 氯化农药在BDD和PbO2电极上的阳极氧化:动力学、影响因素及机理测定

Modern Chemistry & Applications Pub Date : 2017-11-04 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6798.1000234

Nejmeddine Rabaaoui, Sabrine ben Kacem, E. Mohamed, K. Saad, Elimame Elaloui, Y. Moussaoui

{"title":"Anodic Oxidation of Chlorinated Pesticides on BDD and PbO2 Electrodes: Kinetics, Influential Factors and Mechanism Determination","authors":"Nejmeddine Rabaaoui, Sabrine ben Kacem, E. Mohamed, K. Saad, Elimame Elaloui, Y. Moussaoui","doi":"10.4172/2329-6798.1000234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6798.1000234","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the removal of two pesticides 1, 2- dichlorobenzene and 1, 4- dichlorobenzene by electrolysis using BDD and Pb/PbO2 as anodes is studied. Different operating conditions and factors affecting the treatment process including anode material, applied current density, supporting electrolyte and initial pH value were studied and optimized. Results demonstrate, as expected, that the influence of the anode material used on the degradation of pesticides was very significant in all cases. Infact electrolysis with diamond electrodes can attain the complete depletion of the pesticide and its mineralization faster than with PbO2 anode. Electrolysis experiments strongly improves that the complete degradation of pesticides occurred in the presence of Na2SO4 as conductive electrolyte at current density equals 20 mA cm-2. Acidic pH would accelerate dichlorobenzene degradation, whereas alkaline condition showed negative effects. The disappearance of the pesticides followed a pseudo-first-order kinetics. Reversed-phase chromatography allows detecting Catechol, 2-chlorophenol and Pyrogallol as primary aromatic intermediates of 1,2-DCB and Hydroquinone, Benzoquinone and 4-chlorophenol for 1,4-DCB. Dechlorination of these products gives chloride ions Cl-. Ion-exclusion chromatography reveals the presence of maleic, formic, fumaric, malonic, glyoxylic, acetic and oxalic acid. An oxidation mechanism is proposed in agreement with other works shown in the literature.","PeriodicalId":18605,"journal":{"name":"Modern Chemistry & Applications","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83177285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Comparative Assessment of Performance of Aluminium Sulphate (Alum) and Ferrous Sulphate as Coagulants in Water Treatment 硫酸铝(明矾)与硫酸亚铁混凝剂在水处理中的性能比较

Modern Chemistry & Applications Pub Date : 2017-10-23 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6798.1000233

Mbaeze Mc, A. Ve, Orjioke Nm

{"title":"Comparative Assessment of Performance of Aluminium Sulphate (Alum) and Ferrous Sulphate as Coagulants in Water Treatment","authors":"Mbaeze Mc, A. Ve, Orjioke Nm","doi":"10.4172/2329-6798.1000233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6798.1000233","url":null,"abstract":"Alum and ferrous sulphate, being among the best-known coagulants in water treatment were investigated with the aim of determining their coagulation efficiencies. The parameter levels of a turbid water were determined before and after treatment with alum and ferrous sulphate respectively at coagulant dosages of 1 to 10 g per 3 litres of turbid water, for each of the following parameters: pH, total suspended solids (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), turbidity, chloride, fluoride, phosphate and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The turbid water was prepared by addition of ground humus soil to tap water. Using a sedimentation beaker, experiments were conducted, leading to optimum coagulant dosage in some parameters. Coagulation experiments of the turbid water at the coagulant dosage of 10 g per 3 litres, gave the following coagulation efficiencies with alum as the coagulant: pH (44.92%), TSS (98.71%), DO (90.10%), BOD5 (100%), Turbidity (98.70%), chloride (100%), fluoride (100%), Phosphate (80%), COD (100 %) and Copper (0.00%). Similarly, using ferrous sulphate coagulant for the same level of turbid water and same dosage, the coagulation efficiencies achieved were: pH (57.24%), TSS (96.54%), DO (96.31%), BOD5 (100%), Turbidity (96.77%), and chloride (100%), fluoride (100%), phosphate (91.11%), COD (100%) and Copper (0.00%). The results showed that increasing coagulant dosage enhances water quality with respect to all the parameters studied. Furthermore, the results indicated that pH, DO, BOD5, fluoride, phosphate and COD mean % efficiencies were higher for ferrous sulphate coagulant in comparison with alum. On the other hand, alum displayed better coagulation efficiency than ferrous sulphate in the following parameters: TSS, turbidity and chloride. The overall results of the coagulation studies applying increasing coagulant dosage revealed that coagulant efficiency is parameter dependent. The outcome of this work can be an important guide to water treatment operators.","PeriodicalId":18605,"journal":{"name":"Modern Chemistry & Applications","volume":"34 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86675565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Degradation of Vancomycin Hydrochloride by Electrooxidation 电氧化法降解盐酸万古霉素

Modern Chemistry & Applications Pub Date : 2017-08-23 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6798.1000230

Antunes Mh, Arş, Colvara Wa

{"title":"Degradation of Vancomycin Hydrochloride by Electrooxidation","authors":"Antunes Mh, Arş, Colvara Wa","doi":"10.4172/2329-6798.1000230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6798.1000230","url":null,"abstract":"Many pharmaceuticals are considered recalcitrant pollutants and represent a problem for human and animal health due to continuous contribution in the aquatic environment and the bacteria resistance development to antibiotics. Vancomycin is one of the most antibiotics administered in medicine, nevertheless, there is not much knowledge about the presence, fate and the effects of Vancomycin in the environment. The advanced oxidation techniques (AOTs) are shown as alternatives for the treatment of water and wastewater in order to degrade pollutants and contaminants. Therefore, this work is aimed to evaluate the Vancomycin degradation in an aqueous medium using electrooxidation (EO) technique and to optimize the reaction conditions. The experiments were conducted in a homemade electrochemical cell in acrylic with a working volume of 500 cm3; DSA electrodes – Dimensionally Stable Anodes (70TiO2-30RuO2) were used (effective area of work - 41.25 cm2); NaCl P.A. was used as supporting electrolyte; 130 mg L-1 of Vancomycin was used in aqueous solution. The optimization was done using central composite design (CCD) totaling 18 experiments. The evaluated factors were: interelectrodes distance (ID), applied current and supporting electrolyte concentration. All experiments were conducted for 20 minutes with sampling at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 and 20 minutes. Vancomycin concentrations were determined by High Performance Liquid Cromatography with Diode-Array Detection (HPLC-DAD) (Mobile phase: phosphate buffer 0.05 mol L-1, pH 4.7: MeOH: ACN [80:15:5, v/v], Injection volume: 40 L; C18 with flow rate of 1.0 mL min-1, λ: 210 nm. The results show that the electrooxidation is effective in Vancomycin degradation, showing as an alternative to degradation of this drug. The method used obtained 100% of degradation in 2 minutes of treatment in optimum conditions: 400 mA, 3 cm interelectrodes distance and 1,100 mg L-1 NaCl.","PeriodicalId":18605,"journal":{"name":"Modern Chemistry & Applications","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84477131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

One-Pot Reactions: Expeditious Synthesis of Diverse Organic Compounds of Current Interests 一锅反应:当前感兴趣的多种有机化合物的快速合成

Modern Chemistry & Applications Pub Date : 2017-08-10 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6798.1000229

B. Banik

引用次数: 1

Microwave-Induced Synthesis of Enantiopure β- Lactams 微波诱导合成对映纯β-内酰胺

Modern Chemistry & Applications Pub Date : 2017-08-07 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6798.1000228

B. Indrani, Fredrick Fb, Bimal Kb

引用次数: 4

Molecular Iodine-Catalyzed Reactions: Our Own Account 分子碘催化反应:我们自己的叙述

Modern Chemistry & Applications Pub Date : 2017-08-04 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6798.1000227

B. Banik

引用次数: 1

Interaction of Fluorescent 2-(1-Methoxynaphthalen-4-Yl)-1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-4, 5-Diphenyl-1H-Imidazole with Pristine Zno, Cu-Doped Zno and Ag-Doped Zno Nanoparticles 荧光2-(1-甲氧基萘-4-酰基)-1-(4-甲氧基苯基)- 4,5 -二苯基- 1h -咪唑与原始Zno、cu掺杂Zno和ag掺杂Zno纳米粒子的相互作用

Modern Chemistry & Applications Pub Date : 2017-07-31 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6798.1000226

P. Ponnambalam, S. Kumar, P. Ramanathan

{"title":"Interaction of Fluorescent 2-(1-Methoxynaphthalen-4-Yl)-1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-4, 5-Diphenyl-1H-Imidazole with Pristine Zno, Cu-Doped Zno and Ag-Doped Zno Nanoparticles","authors":"P. Ponnambalam, S. Kumar, P. Ramanathan","doi":"10.4172/2329-6798.1000226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6798.1000226","url":null,"abstract":"A sensitive 2-(1-methoxynaphthalen-4-yl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4, 5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole (MNMPI) fluorescent sensor for nanoparticulates like ZnO, Cu-doped ZnO and Ag-doped ZnO has been designed and synthesized. Facile preparation of ZnO, Cu-doped ZnO and Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles by sol-gel method using PVP K-30 as templating agents is reported and characterised by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UVVisible spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The synthesized sensor release is enhanced by nanocrystalline pristine ZnO but is suppressed by Cu-doped ZnO and Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles. The suppression of fluorescence is additional by copper than by silver doping. The LUMO and HOMO energy gap of MNMPI associated with Cu-doped ZnO are lowers compared to those of pristine ZnO and thus red shift compared to that with pristine ZnO. The average crystallite sizes of ZnO, Cu-doped ZnO and Ag-doped ZnO have been deduced as 32 nm, 36 nm and 26 nm and calculated surface area for ZnO, Cu-doped ZnO and Ag-doped ZnO are 30.04 m2/g, 40.66 m2/g and 29.37 m2/g respectively. The observed enhanced absorbance with the distributed semiconductor nanoparticle is due to adsorption of MNMPI on semiconductor surface. This is because of the efficient transfer of electron from the excited state of the MNMPI to the conduction band of the semiconductor nanoparticle.","PeriodicalId":18605,"journal":{"name":"Modern Chemistry & Applications","volume":"84 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89007897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Determination of Tellurium in Tellurium-Containing Organic Compounds by Microwave Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry 微波等离子体原子发射光谱法测定含碲有机化合物中的碲

Modern Chemistry & Applications Pub Date : 2017-07-10 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6798.1000225

Lastovka Av, V. P. Fadeeva, M. A. Bazhenov, V. Tikhova

引用次数: 1

Development and Characterization of Ternary Hybrid Membranes in Natural Polymers and their Application in the Microbiology Field 天然聚合物三元杂化膜的研制、表征及其在微生物学领域的应用

Modern Chemistry & Applications Pub Date : 2017-07-07 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6798.1000224

K. Bouhadiba, Djennad Mh, K. Hammadi

引用次数: 0

Pedagogical Methods and Technology Used in Chemistry Secondary Education 中学化学教育中的教学方法与技术

Modern Chemistry & Applications Pub Date : 2017-07-03 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6798.1000223

Kristensen Kb, Ma Wg, D. Monica, M. Kendra

引用次数: 8