Minerals最新文献

{"title":"Hydrothermal Karstification of the Pre-Messinian Eonile Canyon: Geomorphological and Geochemical Evidences for Hypogene Speleogenesis in the Middle Nile Valley of Egypt","authors":"Ashraf A. Mostafa, Hatem M. El-Desoky, Diaa A. Saadawi, Ahmed M. Abdel-Rahman, John Webb, Hassan Alzahrani, Fahad Alshehri, Abdurraouf Okok, Ahmed E. Khalil, Eman A. Marghani","doi":"10.3390/min14090946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min14090946","url":null,"abstract":"The surface and subsurface karst features of the Eocene limestone plateaus along the Middle Nile Valley in Egypt were formerly believed to be epigene in origin and to have developed during post-Eocene pluvial periods. However, the morphology of the caves and their restriction to particular stratigraphic intervals suggests that they are hypogene. The geochemistry and mineralogy of the soft, thick-bedded, brown/black cave infills shows that these sediments originated from hydrothermal processes, as evidenced by their Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, and Cu concentrations. Thus, the karst features are hypogene and probably formed during the opening of the Red Sea Rift at the end of the Oligocene and early Miocene. At this time, there was abundant volcanic activity, as shown by basalt lavas ~70 km northwest of Assiut; this triggered the release of large amounts of CO2 that made the hydrothermal waters acidic and dissolved the caves.","PeriodicalId":18601,"journal":{"name":"Minerals","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142259252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward Viable Industrial Solid Residual Waste Recycling: A Review of Its Innovative Applications and Future Perspectives","authors":"Tugba Keskin, Erol Yilmaz, Tugrul Kasap, Muhammet Sari, Shuai Cao","doi":"10.3390/min14090943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min14090943","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial solid residual waste (ISRW) generated during and/or due to the making of energy, heat, and raw materials poses a major threat to a sustainable future due to its large production quantities and complex characteristics. Especially improper disposal of ISRW (e.g., coal ashes, municipal waste residue, and biomass ashes) not only threatens human health but can also cause environmental hazards such as water, soil, and air pollution, upsetting the global balance. Given the environmental impacts as well as increasingly stringent disposal regulations, lack of landfills, and economic constraints, more sustainable and naturally friendly management strategies are being adopted for ISRW. While numerous studies in the literature have considered various characteristics of ISRW, a complete appraisal of the entire practice, from making to disposal, is still lacking. This paper presents an overview of the making, features, and traditional and innovative managing tactics of ISRW within the context of a general legal framework. This paper provides a scientific review of the various production types, global production quantities, and characteristics of ISRW. Additionally, the orthodox management strategies of ISRWs are scrutinized from a sociological and ecological standpoint, and diverse techniques for more viable and secure management are elucidated. This review culminates in an examination of the global impact and advantages of ISRW management policies based on legislation and regulations. Consequently, this paper seeks to elucidate the extant practices and a few recent advancements pertaining to ISRWs. Additionally, it underscores the ecological, sociological, and economic issues engendered by ISRWs and proposes innovative applications and production technologies.","PeriodicalId":18601,"journal":{"name":"Minerals","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142259257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zircon U-Pb Ages of the Granitoids in Shanxi and Its Significance for Tectonic Evolution of North China Craton in Mesozoic","authors":"Fuhui Qi, Pengpeng Li, Chao Liu","doi":"10.3390/min14090940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min14090940","url":null,"abstract":"Mesozoic granitoid formations offer crucial insights into the tectonic history of the North China Craton. New zircon U-Pb ages of two Mesozoic granitoids in the Huai’an terrane yield ages of 226.4 ± 1.1 Ma for the Yihe (YH) granite and 156.3 ± 2.9 Ma for the Zhujiagou (ZJG) granodiorite. The negative Nb, Ta, and Ti anomalies; high Nb/Ta ratios (20.4 to 24.1); high (La/Yb)N (30–84); low initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.707725–0.708188); and negative ƐNd(t) values of the Yihe complex suggest that it originated from the partial melting of the lower crust and lithospheric mantle. However, the geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic results of the ZJG granodiorite are characterized by I-type granites: Na2O + K2O values of 7.27 to 7.94 wt%, negative Nb anomalies, positive Pb anomalies, higher initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.710979–0.714841), and much lower ƐNd(t) values (−27.1 to −30.1). The Late Jurassic Zhujiagou complex was derived from partial melting of a thickened low crust, and during the Late Triassic, magmatic rocks were formed under a post-collisional extensional regime. Multiple upwellings of the asthenosphere facilitated the mixing of magmas derived from partial melting of the lithospheric mantle and lower crust. These mixed magmas then ascended to the upper crust after undergoing fractional crystallization, leading to the formation of the YH complex. In the Late Jurassic, the tectonic regime of the NCC shifted from compression to extension. The Late Jurassic intrusion identified in this study developed within a compressional setting linked to the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Ocean.","PeriodicalId":18601,"journal":{"name":"Minerals","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142259253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shale Oil Generation Conditions and Exploration Prospects of the Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation in the Changling Depression, Songliao Basin, China","authors":"Wenjun Zhang, Wenyu Zhang, Shumin Lin, Xing Ke, Min Zhang, Taohua He","doi":"10.3390/min14090942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min14090942","url":null,"abstract":"Low-maturity shale oil predominates in shale oil resources. China’s onshore shale oil, particularly the Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation in the Songliao Basin, holds significant potential for low-maturity shale oil, presenting promising exploration and development prospects. This study delves into the hydrocarbon generation conditions, reservoir characteristics, and oil-bearing property analysis of the mud shale from the Nen-1 and Nen-2 sub-formations of the Nenjiang Formation to pinpoint favorable intervals for shale oil exploration. Through the integration of lithology, pressure, and fracture distribution data in the study area, favorable zones were delineated. The Nen-1 sub-formation is widely distributed in the Changling Depression, with mud shale thickness ranging from 30 to 100 m and a total organic content exceeding 2.0%. Type I kerogen predominated as the source rock, while some samples contained type II kerogen. Organic microcomponents primarily comprised algal bodies, with vitrinite reflectance (Ro) ranging from 0.5% to 0.8%. Compared to Nen-1 shale, Nen-2 shale exhibited less total organic content, kerogen type, and thermal evolution degree, albeit both are conducive to low-maturity shale oil generation. The Nen-1 and Nen-2 sub-formations predominantly consist of clay, quartz, feldspar, calcite, and pyrite minerals, with minor dolomite, siderite, and anhydrite. Hydrocarbons primarily reside in microfractures and micropores, including interlayer micropores, organic matter micropores, intra-cuticle micropores, and intercrystalline microporosity, with interlayer and intra-cuticle micropores being dominant. The free oil content (S1) in Nen-1 shale ranged from 0.01 mg/g to 5.04 mg/g (average: 1.13 mg/g), while in Nen-2 shale, it ranged from 0.01 mg/g to 3.28 mg/g (average: 0.75 mg/g). The Nen-1 and Nen-2 sub-formations are identified as potential intervals for shale oil exploration. Considering total organic content, oil saturation, vitrinite reflectance, and shale formation thickness in the study area, the favorable zone for low-maturity shale oil generation is primarily situated in the Heidimiao Sub-Depression and its vicinity. The Nen-2 shale-oil-enriched zone is concentrated in the northwest part of the Heidimiao Sub-Depression, while the Nen-1 shale-oil-enriched zone lies in the northeast part.","PeriodicalId":18601,"journal":{"name":"Minerals","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142259255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochronology and Geochemical Characteristics of Granitoids in the Lesser Xing’an–Zhangguangcai Range: Petrogenesis and Implications for the Early Jurassic Tectonic Evolution of the Mudanjiang Ocean","authors":"Jingui Kong, Kai Qiao, Xiaoyu Huo, Guobin Zhang, Xingkai Chen, Lei Yao","doi":"10.3390/min14090941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min14090941","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on zircon U-Pb isotope dating and a whole-rock elemental analysis of granodiorites, monzonitic granites, granodioritic porphyries, and alkali feldspar granites in the Yangmugang area of the Lesser Xing’an–Zhangguangcai Range. The zircon U-Pb isotope-dating results revealed that these granitic rocks formed during the late Early Jurassic period (182.9–177.2 Ma). Their geochemical characteristics and zircon saturation temperatures suggest that the granodiorites are moderately differentiated I-type granites and the monzonitic granite, granodioritic porphyries, and alkali feldspar granites are highly differentiated I-type granites. The degree of magma differentiation progressively increased from granodiorites to alkali feldspar granites. By combining the regional Nd and Hf isotope compositions, it was inferred that the magma source involved the melting of lower crustal material from the Mesoproterozoic to the Neoproterozoic eras. By integrating these findings with contemporaneous intrusive rock spatial variations, it was indicated that the late Early Jurassic granitoids in the Lesser Xing’an–Zhangguangcai Range formed within an extensional tectonic setting after the collision and closure of the Songnen–Zhangguangcai Range and Jiamusi blocks. Additionally, this study constrains the closure of the Mudanjiang Ocean to the late Early Jurassic period (177.2 Ma).","PeriodicalId":18601,"journal":{"name":"Minerals","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142259254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Effects of Microwave Heating Time and Power on the Mechanical Properties of Cemented Tailings Backfill","authors":"Pengchu Ding, Shiheng Yan, Qinqiang Guo, Liwu Chang, Zhen Li, Changtai Zhou, Dong Han, Jie Yang","doi":"10.3390/min14090944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min14090944","url":null,"abstract":"With the escalating demand for advanced and eco-friendly processing technologies in mining engineering, the potential applications of microwave heating technology in the treatment of cement tailings backfill (CTB) are expanding significantly. This research comprehensively investigates the mechanisms through which microwave irradiation duration and power influence the mechanical properties of CTB with varying concentrations and cement-to-sand ratios. The aim is to reveal the influencing patterns through experimental methods, providing scientific evidence for optimizing CTB treatment processes. This paper conducted microwave heating tests, uniaxial compression tests, and SEM-EDS tests on CTB. The research results indicate that heating time and power significantly enhance the early strength of CTB, with a more pronounced effect on CTB with higher concentrations and higher cement–sand ratios. When the heating time is 7 min and the heating power is 340 W, the cement hydration reaction is maximally promoted, thereby increasing the density and strength growth rate of CTB. However, excessively long heating time or overly high heating power may cause microcracks or thermal stress concentration within the CTB, adversely affecting the strength growth rate of CTB. Optimal thermal exposure duration and microwave power settings facilitate the activation of cementitious materials and the nucleation of calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) phases, thereby accelerating the compressive strength evolution of cemented tailings backfill (CTB). The outcomes of this research offer valuable insights into the deployment of microwave heating methodologies in underground mine backfilling, which are pivotal for augmenting the economic viability and environmental sustainability of mining operations.","PeriodicalId":18601,"journal":{"name":"Minerals","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142259256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Record of Romanechite in the Apulian Karst (Southern Italy) Resulting from the Interaction of Limestones and Clay Minerals","authors":"Annamaria Fornelli, Francesca Micheletti, Pasquale Acquafredda, Annarosa Mangone","doi":"10.3390/min14090935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min14090935","url":null,"abstract":"A new occurrence of the Mn-Ba ore mineral, romanechite, has been discovered in a small paleo-doline of the Apulian karst on Mesozoic carbonate rock successions, characterized by reddish incrustations and nodules made essentially by Fe-bearing calcite. The conditions under which Mn-Ba ore minerals form represent an intriguing area of research, as these minerals can act as scavengers for heavy elements, impacting soils, surface sediments, and even associated aquatic systems. The genesis of romanechite is linked to the progressive interaction of silicate aqueous solutions enriched in Al, Si, and Fe with the limestone substrate. The findings provide new insights into the genetic processes responsible for the formation of reddish Mn incrustations, supporting their polygenetic origin because of the chemical alteration of limestone and allochthonous siliciclastic muds.","PeriodicalId":18601,"journal":{"name":"Minerals","volume":"272 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nature of Scapolite Color: Ab Initio Calculations, Spectroscopy, and Structural Study","authors":"Roman Shendrik, Nikita V. Chukanov, Alexander Bogdanov, Alexandra Myasnikova, Elizaveta Pankrushina, Anatoly A. Zolotarev, Anastasiia Babkina, Ekaterina Popova, Marina F. Vigasina, Sergey M. Aksenov, Grigoriy Ilyin, Igor V. Pekov","doi":"10.3390/min14090937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min14090937","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the results of a comprehensive study of the extra-framework components of scapolites using quantum–chemical calculations, electronic and vibrational spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction and crystal structure refinement. The ab initio calculations were performed using an embedded-cluster approach of extra-framework components in various cation surroundings. As a result, through comparing the experimental and ab initio calculation results, the energies of the electronic and vibrational transitions of various extra-framework components (CO3)2−, (CO3)·−, S3·−, S2·−—as well as the role of these components in the process of the lowering of the symmetry—were determined for scapolites belonging to the marialite–meionite solid–solution series. The nature of the various colors of the scapolites has also been established. Colors from purple to blue are a result of the presence of radiation-induced pairs of defects: carbonate radical anions (CO3)·− and F-centers. However, polysulfide S3·− radical anions are found in some violet scapolites.","PeriodicalId":18601,"journal":{"name":"Minerals","volume":"560 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spread Spectrum Induced Polarization (SSIP) Survey for the Qiushuwan Copper–Molybdenum Deposits in Southern Henan Province, China","authors":"Jawad Ahmad, Rujun Chen, Ijaz Ahmed, Muhammad Yaseen, Shahid Ali Shah, Osama Abdul Rahim, Farid Ullah, Shah Fahad, Li Rui","doi":"10.3390/min14090934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min14090934","url":null,"abstract":"The Qiushuwan Cu-Mo deposit, situated in the East Qinling molybdenum belt, is a notable mining site renowned for its considerable quantities of medium-sized molybdenum. The goal of this study is to improve comprehension and identify additional mineral resources by conducting a thorough examination of the mine using the spread spectrum-induced polarization (SSIP) technique. Gathering SSIP data, conducting geological investigations, and examining the electrical characteristics of rock and mineral samples along Profile-80 led to significant discoveries. The investigation identified two significant ore bodies with high conductivity: C2, linked to granite porphyry and molybdenum veins, and C4, associated with a skarn deposit containing a concentrated amount of copper ore. This study used resistivity models created from SSIP data to find out how conductivity changed in different parts of the research area. Additional drill verifications validated these findings, indicating the presence of potential mineral resources. The petrographic analysis of core samples showed that minerals like pyrite, molybdenite, chalcopyrite, epidote, calcite, and garnet were present. Notably, the samples frequently contained both pyrite and molybdenite together. Sample 04-2 contained substantial quantities of molybdenite and pyrite; Sample 05-1 had occasional pyrite; and Sample 07-4 included both pyrite and chalcopyrite. These findings offer useful insights for evaluating the magnitude and economic feasibility of the mineral deposits; however, additional investigation is required to completely comprehend the scope of the resources. The integration of borehole data and the alignment of geological sections with inversion models confirmed the validity of the conclusions. The core samples that were retrieved show a lot of different minerals, including valuable ores and minerals that have been changed. Pyrite and molybdenite are always found together. These findings establish a solid basis for further investigation and the sustainable management of resources. This study contributes to the understanding of the Qiushuwan Cu-Mo deposit and advances exploration techniques using the spread spectrum-induced polarization (SSIP) method. It provides useful information for geologists, mining professionals, and stakeholders involved in resource usage.","PeriodicalId":18601,"journal":{"name":"Minerals","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimentation of Heat-Insulating Materials for Surrounding Rocks in Deep Mines and Simulation Study of Temperature Reduction","authors":"Hongwei Deng, Yuanzhe Xiao","doi":"10.3390/min14090938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min14090938","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing depletion of shallow resources, mining has gradually shifted to deeper levels, and the high-temperature problem of deep mining has restricted the efficient and safe development of mining. In this study, five types of thermal insulation materials for surrounding rocks with different ratios were produced using tailings, P.O.32.5 clinker, aluminum powder, glass beads, quick lime, and slaked lime as test materials. Based on the uniaxial compression test, the thermal constant analysis test, and numerical simulation analysis technology, the change rule of mortar compressive strength and thermal conductivity was analyzed, and the cooling effect of surrounding-rock thermal insulation materials with different ratios was discussed. The results showed that the compressive strength of the surrounding-rock thermal insulation materials ranged from 0.39 to 0.53 MPa, and the thermal conductivity ranged from 0.261 to 0.387 W/(K·m), with the compressive strength of ratio E being the largest and the thermal conductivity of ratio A being the lowest. In the numerical simulation analysis results, the thermal insulation layer thickness was taken as a value of 10 cm when, at this time, the best thermal insulation effect and economic benefits involved a temperature reduction of 0.9 K. In the case of changing the thermal conductivity and inlet wind speed, the original temperature of the rock temperature reduction was also very clear, with maximum reductions of 0.92 K, 0.92 K, and 1.42 K.","PeriodicalId":18601,"journal":{"name":"Minerals","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}