Minerals最新文献

{"title":"Influence and Mechanism of 1-Dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium Bromide on the Flotation Behavior of Quartz and Feldspar in a Neutral System","authors":"Siyu Chen, Yuan Chen, Guohua Gu, Yao Xiang, Huanxiao Hu","doi":"10.3390/min15121235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min15121235","url":null,"abstract":"Quartz and feldspar have similar physical, chemical, and surface properties. Effectively separating them in near-neutral systems has long been a challenging research focus. This study introduces 1-Dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (DMB), an ionic liquid, as a collector in a quartz–feldspar flotation separation system to investigate its effects on the flotation behavior of quartz and feldspar. The interaction between the collector and the minerals is explained through zeta potential measurements, infrared spectroscopy analysis, and DFT calculations. The flotation test results indicate that DMB exhibits selective flotation separation properties enabling the separation of quartz from feldspar. Across the pH range of 3 to 11, DMB demonstrates high collection capability for quartz, but lower capability for feldspar. In particular, at pH levels of 7 to 8, the recovery difference between the two minerals exceeds 80%, achieving optimal selective separation. Mechanistic studies indicate that DMB primarily adsorbs on quartz and feldspar through electrostatic adsorption. The adsorption energy between DMB and quartz reaches −340.59 kJ/mol, forming a stable adsorption layer on the quartz surface. However, electrostatic repulsion arises over a broad area due to the large volume and cationic nature of DMB’s polar group and the exposed cationic Al sites on the feldspar surface, thereby hindering the interaction between DMB and feldspar. This research establishes the foundation for achieving efficient selective flotation separation of quartz and feldspar in a neutral system.","PeriodicalId":18601,"journal":{"name":"Minerals","volume":"15 12","pages":"1235-1235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147334051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Inhibition and Activation of Pyrite Under Low Alkalinity Conditions Created by Hydrogen Peroxide and Lime","authors":"Y. Yang, Milena Kostović, Rongdong Deng, Yuanxun Liao","doi":"10.3390/min15111177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min15111177","url":null,"abstract":"High alkalinity facilitates copper–sulfur flotation separation but also leads to issues such as high reagent consumption, pipeline scaling, and gold loss in tailings. The ore from a copper mine in Serbia contains 2.86% copper, 1.64 g/t gold, and 20.39% sulfur, with copper occurring mainly in covellite and enargite. To achieve efficient separation and recovery of copper–sulfur, a systematic study was conducted using micro-flotation, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle analysis to investigate the inhibition and activation patterns of pyrite under low and high alkalinity conditions. The results indicate that the combined use of hydrogen peroxide and lime as inhibitor enables efficient separation of pyrite and covellite under low-alkalinity conditions. This effect is attributed to its ability to enhance oxidation of the pyrite surface, which generates more hydrophilic substances. Under low-alkalinity conditions (slurry pH = 10) regulated with hydrogen peroxide and lime in a covellite flotation cycle, and under acidic conditions (slurry pH = 6) in the pyrite flotation cycle, satisfactory results are obtained in both flotation cycles in comparison with industrial data. The copper flotation index was similar, but pyrite and gold recovery increased by 2.3% and ~4%, respectively, over those using lime alone. This process reduced the activator dosage required for pyrite activation substantially, while improving gold recovery. Results demonstrate an efficient method for copper–sulfur separation and recovery, providing theoretical guidance or industrial production processes.","PeriodicalId":18601,"journal":{"name":"Minerals","volume":"15 11","pages":"1177-1177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/15/11/1177/pdf?version=1762603163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface Charge and Size Evolution of Silica–Iron Colloidal Particles in Simulated Late-Archaean Seawater","authors":"Weimin Jiang, Xiao Wu, Hongmei Yang, Juan Fu, Qin Zeng, Shujuan Li, Rui Luo, Yiping Yang, Xiaoju Lin, Jianxi Zhu","doi":"10.3390/min15111123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min15111123","url":null,"abstract":"Late-Archean seawater functioned as a vast, redox-tuned colloidal system for which its kinetics were largely governed by the surface chemistry of silica–iron nanoparticles. By reproducing Archean seawater (≈0.7 M ionic strength, 25 °C) in laboratory anoxic-to-mildly oxic reactors, the ζ potential (zeta-potential(ζ)) of silica–iron nanoparticles was investigated, and we tracked how transient O2 pulses (≤9 mg L−1) regulated it. The zeta (ζ) potential was applied as the key diagnostic parameter to quantify both the sign of the ζ potential and the colloidal stability of simulated silica–iron particles in dispersion. Under strictly anoxic conditions, silica colloids (SiO2(aq)) exhibit a persistently negative ζ potential (ζ ≈ −25 mV) in the simulated seawater (pH 6.5), arising from deprotonated silanol groups (≡Si–O−). Upon the addition of Fe2+, the inner-sphere complexation of ferrous ions on SiO2 colloids partially replaces ≡Si–O− with ≡Si–O–Fe+/≡Si–O–Fe–OH sites; the net negative charge density at the outer Stern plane nevertheless increases, and the ζ potential shifts from −25 mV to −30 mV. As the simulated seawater was oxygenated, the dissolved and surface-bound Fe2+ ions were oxidized to Fe3+, causing the ζ potential to exceed −30 mV. This study demonstrates that Fe2+–silica interactions generate electrostatic destabilization, suspending micron-scale aggregates and thus modulating the solubility and speciation of SiO2 in early oceans. Also, transient micro-oxic pulses are shown to shift silica–iron colloids between metastable aggregation and dispersion by modulating their ζ potential. Subsequently, AFM and TEM were used to characterize the morphological changes in the colloidal particles from the liquid state to the dry state. Furthermore, infrared and XPS analyses were conducted on the colloidal samples. These findings provide certain reference significance for reconstructing the chemical evolution process of seawater in the Late-Archean period and for understanding the factors influencing the silicon–iron cycle of seawater in the Late-Archean era.","PeriodicalId":18601,"journal":{"name":"Minerals","volume":"15 11","pages":"1123-1123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/15/11/1123/pdf?version=1761646226","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147331604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Fundamental Study on the Selective Flotation Separation of Magnesite and Quartz Using an Eco-Friendly Collector PKO-H: A Performance and Adsorption Mechanism Study","authors":"Lifeng Ma, Hailiang Zhang, Guosong Zhang, Ziheng Fan, Panxing Zhao","doi":"10.3390/min15090933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min15090933","url":null,"abstract":"To achieve efficient desilication and improve the grade of magnesite, an environmentally friendly surfactant, cocamidopropyl dimethylamine (PKO-H), was employed as a collector for the flotation separation of magnesite and quartz. The flotation performance and adsorption mechanism of PKO-H was systematically investigated through flotation experiments, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), contact angle measurements, zeta potential analysis, and molecular simulations. The flotation results demonstrated that PKO-H exhibited excellent selectivity, achieving a MgO recovery rate of 98.8% and a concentrate grade of 45.7% in artificially mixed mineral samples. Contact angle measurements, FTIR spectra, zeta potential analysis, and molecular simulations revealed that the adsorption of PKO-H on quartz is primarily driven by electrostatic attraction. In contrast, due to electrostatic repulsion, the interaction between PKO-H and magnesite is weak, preventing stable adsorption. This study establishes PKO-H as a sustainable and efficient collector for magnesite beneficiation and provides new insights into interfacial mechanisms for the design of eco-friendly flotation reagents.","PeriodicalId":18601,"journal":{"name":"Minerals","volume":"15 9","pages":"933-933"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/15/9/933/pdf?version=1756722614","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on Copper Mine Tailings to Be Used as Precursor of Alkali-Activated Materials for Construction Applications","authors":"Luis Morales-Castro, Estefania Loyola, Matías Castro-Quijada, Felipe Vargas, Iván Navarrete, Claudia Eugenin, Carlos Marquardt, Álvaro Videla","doi":"10.3390/min15090895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min15090895","url":null,"abstract":"This research presents a novel methodology to classify copper tailings according to their potential as alkali-activated materials (AAMs) for construction applications. The methodology includes geochemical and mineralogical characterization via QEMSCAN and X-ray fluorescence, with mechanical performance evaluation through compressive strength test (UCS). A three-phase diagram based on Al2O3, Fe2O3, and CaO-MgO-K2O is proposed for a fast screening of copper tailing potential to be used as a construction material. In this paper, three copper tailings were chosen to test the methodology, and a set of five samples for each tailing have been geopolymerized for testing. Copper tailing samples were mixed with 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% by mass of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) to evaluate the effect on performance when a chemical co-activator is used to improve material reactivity. Compressive strength testing was applied on 2 cm3 cubes after 28 days of curing at 60 °C, yielding values from 6 to 26.1 MPa. The best performing sample featured a Si/Al ≅ 3 ratio and a mineralogy with significant presence of reactive species such as plagioclase and K-feldspar (≅42%). In contrast, high levels of Fe2O3 (≥12%), clay (≥7%), and pyrite (≥4%) were associated with reduced mechanical performance.","PeriodicalId":18601,"journal":{"name":"Minerals","volume":"15 9","pages":"895-895"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/15/9/895/pdf?version=1755946285","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147381974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Oxyanions on the Structural Memory Effect of Layered Double Hydroxides Under Aqueous Condition","authors":"Jingchao Li, Yide Xu, Tingting Chen, Yijun Cao, Guixia Fan","doi":"10.3390/min15080772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min15080772","url":null,"abstract":"The structural memory effect is normally considered one of the most important properties of LDHs. However, certain anions can have adverse effects on it. In this study, three types of CLDHs (Mg2Al1-CLDH, Mg2Al0.5Fe0.5-CLDH, Mg2Fe1-CLDH) were obtained and used to observe their regeneration behaviors in the presence of sulfate, silicate, and phosphate, respectively, at initial pH values of 10 and 13. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA-DTG), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm (BET). The results suggested that silicate and phosphate have significant impacts on the regeneration of CLDHs, while sulfate does not. Specifically, phosphate and silicate reacted with MgO to generate magnesium silicate and magnesium phosphate dibasic, which were covered on the surface of particles and hindered the hydroxylation of metal oxides. However, a higher pH can suppress the formation of new substances and promote the regeneration of LDHs. Moreover, the CLDHs with high specific surface area had a stronger anti-interference performance regarding the effects of phosphate and silicate.","PeriodicalId":18601,"journal":{"name":"Minerals","volume":"15 8","pages":"772-772"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/15/8/772/pdf?version=1753243060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of Thallium in Sediments of the Fiora River Catchment, Central Italy: Implications for Its Sources","authors":"Alessia Nannoni, Pierfranco Lattanzi, Guia Morelli, Cesare Fagotti, Rossella Friani, Valentina Rimondi, Pilario Costagliola","doi":"10.3390/min15070678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min15070678","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies documented the contribution of toxic elements (Hg, As, and Sb) from the dismissed Monte Amiata Mining District (Italy), the third largest Hg producer worldwide, to the Mediterranean Sea. Another highly toxic element, thallium (Tl), received less attention. Here we report a reconnaissance study of the spatial variability of Tl content in stream sediments across the Fiora River catchment, which drains part of the Hg and Sb mining districts. Thallium contents are comparatively low (≤0.4 mg/kg) in sediments of creeks directly draining the mining areas, whereas they increase up to 2 mg/kg in the catchment section that drains the Vulsini ultrapotassic volcanic province, where no known mineral deposits occur. Results suggest that Hg and Sb deposits cannot be the only Tl source in the catchment. The most likely alternative/additional candidate are the high-K volcanic rocks. Although no specific data for the Vulsini district exist, a distinct Tl geochemical anomaly linked to the Latium volcanic province is present. The total Tl mass contained in sediments discharged yearly into the Mediterranean Sea from the Fiora River is estimated in the order of 0.1 t. This reconnaissance study indicates a non-negligible potential release of Tl from the mining districts and volcanic catchments in Central Italy and suggests the opportunity of further investigation on Tl distribution and speciation in the area.","PeriodicalId":18601,"journal":{"name":"Minerals","volume":"15 7","pages":"678-678"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/15/7/678/pdf?version=1750765358","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147382095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precipitating Rare Earth by NH4HCO3 from a Concentrated Rare Earth and Magnesium Sulfate Solution","authors":"Qiang Wang, Tao Qi, Hongdong Yu, Limin Zhang, Dongjiang Sun, Yinliang Liu, Tongxiang Liang, Lan Huang","doi":"10.3390/min15050525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min15050525","url":null,"abstract":"The ammonium bicarbonate precipitation method has become one of the main ways to extract rare earths from rare earth leaching solutions due to its advantages of simple operation, mature technology, and low cost. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the precipitation of rare earth carbonate (REC) from a concentrated rare earth and magnesium sulfate solution by ammonium bicarbonate. The terminal pH to precipitate rare earth was determined. The effects of factors including the feeding rate, temperature, ammonium bicarbonate concentration, seed dosage, and stirring rate on the rare earth precipitation efficiency, the Mg and SO42− amounts in the obtained REC, and the median particle sizes of the REC were investigated. The effects of these factors on the Mg and SO42− amounts in the REC and the median particle sizes of the REC were compared by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that at a terminal pH of 6.8, a feeding rate of 0.5 mL/min, a temperature of 25 °C, an ammonium bicarbonate concentration of 0.6 mol/L, a crystal seed dosage of 7.5%, and a stirring speed of 300 r/min, without aging, the contents of rare earth oxide (REO), MgO, and SO42− in the REC were 57.69%, 0.23%, and 1.68%, respectively, superior to the requirements of the current Chinese national standard (GB/T 16479-2020) for REC. The rare earth precipitation efficiency was 99.78%. Among the investigated factors, the pH was the main factor affecting the rare earth precipitation efficiency. The seed dosage significantly changed the median particle sizes of the REC and the Mg content of the REC. For SO42−, its content was fluctuant and could be controlled at a relatively low value by the seed dosage and specific stirring rate.","PeriodicalId":18601,"journal":{"name":"Minerals","volume":"15 5","pages":"525-525"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147334094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Fluid Acidity on GeO2 Solubility and Complexation in Aqueous Solutions and Its Implications on Ge Mineralization","authors":"Zhiwei Xu, Haotian Liu, Yan Zhang, Runsheng Han, Zonghui Li, Xing Ding","doi":"10.3390/min15020173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min15020173","url":null,"abstract":"Germanium (Ge) has been recognized as a critical strategic metal due to its high-technology implications. It is predominantly found in sphalerite within the Pb-Zn deposits, whose genesis is closely related to chloride-bearing hydrothermal activities. However, the dissolution and complexation of Ge in chloride-bearing fluids have not yet been well understood. To address this issue, this study investigates the dissolution behavior of Ge and corresponding species in HCl and NaCl aqueous solutions at 150 °C using the solubility method. The results show that the solubility of Ge in HCl solutions reaches 300 ppm and decreases with increasing HCl concentration. In contrast, the solubility of Ge in NaCl solutions is up to 1500 ppm and exhibits no significant dependence on NaCl concentration. The new findings demonstrate that the solubility of Ge in chloride-bearing solutions is primarily controlled by the solution’s pH. As the pH increases, the concentration of Ge dissolved in solutions rises substantially, suggesting that alkaline fluid environments facilitate Ge dissolution and transport. Further analysis of the experimental data indicates that the dominant species of Ge is Ge(OH)40 in acidic chloride-bearing solutions and Ge(OH)5− in neutral-basic chloride-bearing solutions, in which the species Ge(OH)5− promotes higher Ge solubility compared to Ge(OH)40. On account of high solubility in both HCl and NaCl solutions, it is proposed that Ge mineralization is not controlled by the co-precipitation process with Pb and Zn but by subsequent solid–liquid reaction between sphalerite and fluids. These experimental data and computational results not only provide new insights into the dissolution, transport, and precipitation processes of Ge in Earth’s material cycling but also offer novel perspectives for the understanding of Ge mineralization and industrial extraction and recovery of Ge.","PeriodicalId":18601,"journal":{"name":"Minerals","volume":"15 2","pages":"173-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/15/2/173/pdf?version=1739448156","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective Flotation Separation of Chalcopyrite from Copper-Activated Pyrite and Pyrrhotite Using Oxidized Starch as Depressant","authors":"Guoliang Bai, Congxin Huang, Yonghao Li, Ming Zhang","doi":"10.3390/min15020133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min15020133","url":null,"abstract":"The disadvantages of using lime to depress the flotation of copper-activated pyrite and pyrrhotite are well known. In this study, oxidized starch, prepared by the ozone nanobubble technology, was employed as an eco-friendly depressant for copper-activated pyrite and pyrrhotite in the flotation of chalcopyrite. Single mineral flotation showed that oxidized starch inhibited the flotation of copper-activated pyrite and pyrrhotite at pH 5.5 while having no significant impact on chalcopyrite flotation. Zeta potential and adsorption measurements, together with XPS analysis and EDTA extraction, were conducted to understand the mechanism underpinning the selective depression behavior of oxidized starch. It was found that oxidized starch had a stronger affinity for copper-activated pyrite and pyrrhotite than for chalcopyrite. The depression of pyrite and pyrrhotite by oxidized starch was due to the combined effect of the formation of hydrophilic Cu-starch complex and the oxidation of Cu(I) on their surfaces. Further, oxidized starch was examined in the flotation of an actual bulk sulfur concentrate where a comparable depression performance to that of lime was shown. This investigation may contribute to the greening of the chalcopyrite flotation process by demonstrating the promising potential of oxidized starch for copper-activated pyrite and pyrrhotite depression.","PeriodicalId":18601,"journal":{"name":"Minerals","volume":"15 2","pages":"133-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}