Medwave最新文献

{"title":"Mechanistic analysis of COVID-19 cases in Chile during the second half of 2020: an SIR model with dynamic transmission rate.","authors":"Fernando Córdova Lepe, Ranghely Hernández Castañeda, Rodrigo Gutiérrez, Juan Pablo Gutiérrez Jara","doi":"10.5867/medwave.2026.05.3191","DOIUrl":"10.5867/medwave.2026.05.3191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This article analyzes the prolonged trough phase in the epidemic curve associated with COVID-19 dynamics in Chile during the period July-December 2020, characterized by a relatively stable daily record of 1 000-2500 cases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Unlike traditional (, )-SIR models, with constant parameters and associated respectively with the transmission and removal rates in the infectious process, which predict unimodal behavior, we propose an approach based on Contagion Mechanics that incorporates a dynamic law for the transmission rate .</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using official data from the Department of Health Statistics and Information, we demonstrate how this approach quantitatively captures the observed stabilization, resulting from sustained adherence to non-pharmaceutical measures by the Chilean population. The model reveals that maintaining the infection rate below its intrinsic value required sustained collective effort, enabling controlled management of hospital demand during the pre-vaccination stage.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results validate the usefulness of Contagion Mechanics in explaining complex epidemiological dynamics and offer new perspectives on the population response to prolonged health interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18597,"journal":{"name":"Medwave","volume":"26 5","pages":"e3191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148302394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Abstracts of the4th International Congress on Advances in Nursing and Research. Ambato, Ecuador; May 6-10, 2024].","authors":"","doi":"10.5867/medwave.2026.S1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2026.S1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18597,"journal":{"name":"Medwave","volume":"26 S1","pages":"UTA001-UTA086"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148205432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistent elevated thyroglobulin revealing Struma ovarii in a patient treated for papillary thyroid carcinoma: A case report.","authors":"Nicole Lustig, Leticia Rincón, Juan Carlos Quintana, Virginia Iturrieta, Ignacio Fuentes, Marlín Solórzano, Annette Madison, Lorena Mosso, Rodrigo Jaimovich, José Miguel Domínguez","doi":"10.5867/medwave.2026.05.3179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2026.05.3179","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18597,"journal":{"name":"Medwave","volume":"26 5","pages":"e3179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148163810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why is it essential to teach clinical interviewing in psychiatric training? Proposal for a course implemented at the Universidad de Valparaíso.","authors":"Leonardo Contreras, Marcelo Arancibia","doi":"10.5867/medwave.2026.04.3174","DOIUrl":"10.5867/medwave.2026.04.3174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diagnosis in psychiatry relies primarily on the clinical interview, but instruction in interview techniques is often relegated to the informal curriculum and acquired incidentally. This article presents a structured curriculum model for training adult psychiatry residents in psychiatric interviewing. In this article, we describe the Psychiatric Interview Workshop, a weekly, year-long activity implemented at the Universidad de Valparaíso (Chile), which is based on deliberate observation, constructive feedback, and theoretical enrichment. The workshop methodology combines reading a guidebook, initial instructor modeling, and supervised active practice. In each session, a resident conducts a clinical interview with a real, volunteer, clinically stable patient in the presence of peers and the instructor. Observation is guided by a standardized Observation Checklist. Subsequently, a Constructive Feedback Protocol is applied, focusing strictly on interview technique, promoting discussion and the search for alternative solutions to difficulties. The workshop is presented as a formal teaching strategy that, in our opinion, ensures the explicit and systematic acquisition of interview techniques. The strengths of the model lie in its ecological validity (practice with real patients), duration (one year), instructor modeling, and the use of standardized, task-oriented feedback. This model contributes to the limited evidence regarding structured methods for teaching the psychiatric interview. Remaining challenges include the incorporation of an objective summative practical assessment, measuring the workshop's impact on student performance and satisfaction, and adapting the literature to the local sociocultural context.</p>","PeriodicalId":18597,"journal":{"name":"Medwave","volume":"26 4","pages":"e3174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148032630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of manual therapy on pain and function in patients with plantar fasciitis: A systematic review of the literature.","authors":"Ignacio Gajardo-Valenzuela, Marcelo Ibarra Acevedo, José Garmendia Mansilla, Leandro Orrego Lagos, Jeremías Yáñez Verdugo, Jorge Fuentes Contreras, Gemma V Espí-López","doi":"10.5867/medwave.2026.04.3085","DOIUrl":"10.5867/medwave.2026.04.3085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Plantar fasciitis is common and impairs people's ability to move. Manual therapy is frequently used to treat plantar fasciitis. However, its effects are inconclusive. For this reason, the purpose of this systematic review is to determine the effect of manual therapy on plantar fasciitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review of the literature was conducted, following the PRISMA checklist. Five databases (CINAHL, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and OVID) were searched, along with a review of the gray literature and a manual search. Randomized clinical trials from 2014 to 2024 were selected that examined the efficacy of manual therapy in reducing pain intensity and improving function in patients aged 18 to 60 years with a clinical diagnosis of plantar fasciitis. Methodological quality (PEDro scale) and risk of bias (risk of bias scale) were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four randomized clinical trials (n = 224) were included, reporting controversial statistical differences in pain and function. In addition, two studies reported clinically relevant changes favoring manual therapy. PEDro scale scores ranged from 4 to 6, and three studies presented a high risk of bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The effects of manual therapy on pain and function in patients with plantar fasciitis are uncertain. The evidence is limited, heterogeneous, and lacking in methodological rigor. A larger number of randomized clinical trials with more consistent, replicable protocols are needed to determine the contributions of manual therapy to improving pain and function in patients with plantar fasciitis. Similarly, the inconsistency and limited evidence on indicators of clinical significance in the selected studies preclude an assessment of the clinical impact of this intervention.</p><p><strong>Prospero registration: </strong>CRD42024501550.</p>","PeriodicalId":18597,"journal":{"name":"Medwave","volume":"26 4","pages":"e3085"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148005911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of reporting of systematic reviews with meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy of rapid antigen tests for SARS-CoV-2 according to PRISMA-DTA: A meta-epidemiological survey.","authors":"Nicolás Meza, Francisca J Lizana, Mónica Velásquez, Javier Hormazábal, Bruno Morgado, Pablo I Osses-González, Claudia E Silva, Silvana V Villalobos, Vivienne C Bachelet","doi":"10.5867/medwave.2026.04.3219","DOIUrl":"10.5867/medwave.2026.04.3219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Systematic reviews are crucial for informing health decisions and supporting evidence-based policymaking. Reporting guidelines aim to reduce ambiguity and confusion while promoting clarity, completeness, and transparency in reporting. Our study aimed to assess the completeness of reporting of diagnostic test accuracy systematic reviews with meta-analysis on rapid antigen tests for SARS-CoV-2 deployed during the COVID-19 pandemic using the PRISMA-DTA guideline.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a meta-epidemiological survey of systematic reviews with meta-analysis of rapid antigen tests for SARS-CoV-2. We searched MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, L·OVE Covid-19, and Web of Science Clarivate, covering the period from inception to April 3, 2025, with no language restrictions. We included reviews that used explicit systematic review methodologies with summary estimates of test sensitivity and specificity. We assessed compliance with the 27 PRISMA-DTA items.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After screening 5252 publications, we included 38 reviews. We found no PRISMA-DTA item with a low reporting frequency. Regarding the number of items reported, 23 (60%) of the included studies reported over 66%, and 15 (40%) reported between 33% and 66%, with none reporting fewer than 33%. None of the included reviews complied with the full PRISMA-DTA checklist.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our meta-epidemiological survey reveals persistent shortcomings in the reporting quality of systematic reviews evaluating rapid antigen test accuracy for SARS-CoV-2. While some items were consistently addressed, numerous critical domains requiring a deeper understanding of the specific diagnostic test accuracy assessment methods showed low reporting adherence.</p>","PeriodicalId":18597,"journal":{"name":"Medwave","volume":"26 4","pages":"e3219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147948969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural adaptation to Shawi and psychometric analysis of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in adults from the Alto Amazonas, Peru.","authors":"Lariza Calderón-Delgado, Luis Fernando Segura-Muñoz, Silvana Maria Figueroa-Toribio, Julio Cjuno","doi":"10.5867/medwave.2026.04.3176","DOIUrl":"10.5867/medwave.2026.04.3176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Depression is currently one of the most impactful mental health conditions worldwide, with more than 280 million reported cases. However, there is a critical lack of data on Indigenous populations due to language barriers and the absence of culturally adapted assessment tools, limiting timely diagnosis and appropriate care. The aim of this work is to culturally and linguistically adapt the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) into the Shawi language and to evaluate its psychometric properties among Indigenous adults in Alto Amazonas, Peru.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A rigorous cultural adaptation process was carried out, including translation by bilingual experts and back-translation. Validation involved expert technical review and a pilot phase conducted within the participating community. Content validity was assessed using Aiken's V coefficient as a statistical indicator. The internal structure was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sample consisted of 432 members of the Shawi community. The instrument showed excellent content validity (V = 0.90 to 1.00). Confirmatory factor analysis supported a unidimensional model with good fit (comparative fit index: 0.98; root mean square error of approximation: 0.06) and adequate internal consistency (α = 0.80; ω = 0.81). In addition, invariance of the PHQ-9 was demonstrated across age, sex, educational level, and marital status, supporting its applicability across different population subgroups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Shawi version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 has proven to be a reliable and valid tool for detecting depressive symptoms in this Indigenous population. This advancement represents a significant contribution to reducing mental health disparities by facilitating culturally appropriate diagnoses and improving care in historically underserved Amazonian communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":18597,"journal":{"name":"Medwave","volume":"26 4","pages":"e3176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal trends in cancer incidence in a Peruvian population of the Social Health Insurance between 2000 and 2020.","authors":"Richard Ponce-Cusi, Edwin Lázaro-Valdivia, María Del Pilar Urday-Huarilloclla, Grovert Quino-Villanueva, Nesstor Pilco-Ferreto, Claudio Flores, Yolanda Angulo-Bazán","doi":"10.5867/medwave.2026.04.3151","DOIUrl":"10.5867/medwave.2026.04.3151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cancer is one of the leading causes of disease burden in Peru, with significant regional disparities in incidence and mortality. The Moquegua region has experienced a sustained increase in risk factors and cancer burden without systematic studies to characterize its epidemiological profile. The objective of this study was to estimate the temporal trend in cancer incidence and describe its characteristics in the population insured by Social Health Insurance in Moquegua between 2000 and 2020.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted based on institutional records of patients with cancer confirmed by pathological anatomy at Hospital Base II, Moquegua. Crude and age-adjusted incidence rates were calculated. Additionally, a joinpoint regression model was applied to analyze temporal trends. The analysis was stratified by sex and anatomical location. Furthermore, five-year overall survival was calculated for the most common neoplasms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 545 new cancer cases were identified during the study period. The overall age-adjusted incidence rate was 30.2 per 100 000 insured individuals, with a higher prevalence among women (55.2%). A significant upward shift was observed between 2013 and 2017. The most common sites were: breast (19.4%), prostate (18.0%), cervix (7.5%), colorectal (7.3%), and thyroid (7.0%). Breast cancer had the highest incidence rate; thyroid cancer had a survival rate close to 100%, while prostate cancer had the lowest overall survival rate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The incidence of cancer in Moquegua has shown an upward trend since 2013, possibly associated with improvements in diagnostic capacity. Rates were higher among women, with a predominance of neoplasms common at the national level. These findings underscore the need to strengthen cancer surveillance through a territorial approach and to improve access to early-diagnosis services and timely treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":18597,"journal":{"name":"Medwave","volume":"26 4","pages":"e3151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncommon combination of multifocal oncocytic adenomas and calcified colloid cystic goiter in the thyroid gland: A case report.","authors":"Selena Valeria Balarezo Chalco, Karla Maria Cumbe Guerrero, Jenniffer Nataly Quito Peralta, Rodrigo Salvador Puma Quito, Medardo Andrés Guzmán Cobos","doi":"10.5867/medwave.2026.03.3165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2026.03.3165","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18597,"journal":{"name":"Medwave","volume":"26 3","pages":"e3165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stigma and discrimination toward people living with HIV among healthcare workers in a public hospital in Mexico: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Gerson Lugardo Vasquez Reyes, Melina Anaid Mendoza Flores","doi":"10.5867/medwave.2026.03.3122","DOIUrl":"10.5867/medwave.2026.03.3122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In the global context of the HIV pandemic, the biopsychosocial environment of key populations remains marked by a culture that fosters stigma and discrimination. These attitudes, based on misconceptions of what it means to live with HIV, transcend the healthcare sphere and negatively impact people's quality of life. In Mexico, systematic documentation of this issue within hospital settings remains limited. The objective of this study was to estimate the frequency of HIV-related stigma and discrimination among healthcare personnel of a secondary-level public hospital, as well as to identify differences by job category.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study from February to March 2025 at a secondary-level public hospital in Cancún, Quintana Roo, Mexico. We applied the short version of the HIV stigma questionnaire proposed by Nyblade et al. A total of 316 healthcare workers from different areas participated. To identify differences in stigmatizing attitudes across professional groups and to explore potential associations between sociodemographic variables and HIV-related beliefs, descriptive statistical analyses were performed, along with non-parametric tests (Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and Spearman correlations) and post hoc comparisons using Dunn's test with Bonferroni correction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 22.5% of participants reported having witnessed refusal to work with people living with HIV, and 30.1% observed lower-quality care toward them. Additionally, 32.9% agreed that people living with HIV are irresponsible, and 30.4% believed they \"do not care about spreading the infection.\" Significant differences in stigma levels were found across occupational categories (p < 0.001). Medical assistants and interns showed higher levels of stigmatizing attitudes, while family physicians, nursing supervisors, and laboratory staff demonstrated greater empathy. Personally knowing someone living with HIV was significantly associated with greater acceptance of the right to become pregnant (p = 0.047).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Stigma toward people living with HIV remains present in hospital environments. There is an urgent need to implement institutional training and awareness programs to reduce discriminatory attitudes and promote respect, accurate information, and empathy among all healthcare staff.</p>","PeriodicalId":18597,"journal":{"name":"Medwave","volume":"26 3","pages":"e3122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147776141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}