Alessio Di Fatta, P. Romano, G. Rizzo, A. Imburgia, F. Viola, G. Ala
{"title":"Behaviour of HVDC Cables Under Variable Load Conditions: PD Detection and Recognition","authors":"Alessio Di Fatta, P. Romano, G. Rizzo, A. Imburgia, F. Viola, G. Ala","doi":"10.1109/AEITHVDC58550.2023.10179082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AEITHVDC58550.2023.10179082","url":null,"abstract":"HVDC technology is widely used today in the field of energy transmission over long distances and with underground or submarine cable lines. The advantages of these applications lie in the absence of stability and transport capacity problems which characterize an equivalent HVAC line as the distance increases. However, new challenges arise in the transition from HVAC to HVDC technology. The accumulation of space charge plays a fundamental role in the ageing process of the component and in the possible triggering of partial discharges. Furthermore, the dependence of the conductivity of the dielectric material on the temperature causes the load condition, whereby a radial thermal gradient is established, to influence this charge distribution and therefore on the electric field profile. The aim of this paper is to analyze the effect of the load conditions on the behaviour of an HVDC cable evaluated in terms of partial discharge activity. The test object of this work is an extruded HVDC model cable with an artificial insulation defect. With a transformer-like device a current was induced to simulate the operating conditions. The acquired data concern two tests carried out with and without load current. Following the measurements, the pulse classification was performed with a new algorithm based on the cross-correlation operation. The results show that in the absence of a thermal gradient the partial discharge activity is very low and most of the acquired pulses are identified as noise. Instead, in the presence of a thermal gradient, a more intense activity is observed.","PeriodicalId":185809,"journal":{"name":"2023 AEIT HVDC International Conference (AEIT HVDC)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126857153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Battaglia, Andrea Cavaliere, Luca Biotto, Michele Fontana, Marco Canova, G. Mazzanti
{"title":"Qualification and Sea Trial Tests for the 500 kV Tyrrhenian Link HVDC Cable System","authors":"A. Battaglia, Andrea Cavaliere, Luca Biotto, Michele Fontana, Marco Canova, G. Mazzanti","doi":"10.1109/AEITHVDC58550.2023.10179044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AEITHVDC58550.2023.10179044","url":null,"abstract":"The HVDC VSC Tyrrhenian Link consists in a Double Bipolar Interconnection with rated voltage of 500kV: 2 × 500 MW for East Bipole (between Italy Mainland and Sicily), and 2 × 500 MW for West Bipole (between Sicily and Sardinia), whose marine cable will reach the worldwide record laying depth of 2150m. The link owner is Terna, the Italian Transmission System Operator (TSO). Prysmian is in charge for engineering and construction for both cables of the East Bipole, one pole cable of West Bipole and the electrode system, while Nexans is in charge for engineering and construction of the other pole cable of West Bipole. This paper describes the design of the Prysmian power cable system and the qualification test program that will be carried out on all cable types and accessories, taking into account CIGRE recommendations and Terna prescriptions. Dedicated tests will be performed to verify the withstand to Temporary Over-Voltages (TOV) and fast grounding characteristics of the VSC converter. The paper also focuses on the challenging sea trials in high deep, deep and shallow water, and the burial machines; the results of some of these tests - already carried out by Prysmian - are also reported.","PeriodicalId":185809,"journal":{"name":"2023 AEIT HVDC International Conference (AEIT HVDC)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131205824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experience on HVDC disconnectors: sizing and performance of the dielectric in conditions of pollution and ice","authors":"Eros Stella, Marco Nosilati","doi":"10.1109/AEITHVDC58550.2023.10179085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AEITHVDC58550.2023.10179085","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the results of an investigation on the dielectric sizing and performance of high voltage direct current (HVDC) disconnectors under normal, pollution and ice service conditions. The disconnectors were tested under laboratory conditions to evaluate their ability to withstand voltage stress and to maintain their insulation properties. The disconnectors were also tested under conditions that simulated typical environmental conditions, such as rain, fog, and ice. The results of the study show that the dielectric performance of the HVDC disconnectors is affected by pollution and ice conditions, which can cause flashovers and damage to the insulation. The study also found that the size of the disconnector plays a critical role in its performance, with larger disconnectors performing better than smaller ones. The study suggests that proper sizing of HVDC disconnectors is essential for ensuring their reliable performance under pollution and ice conditions in line with the new technical specification in release at IEC Level like IEC 62271-5[1] and IEC 62271-314[2]. The paper will deal only with air insulated disconnectors, with special attention to the EHV-UHV range (250–1000 kV range) Overall, the results of this study provide valuable insights into the design and operation of HVDC disconnectors in high-pollution and ice environments. The findings can be used to improve the performance and reliability of HVDC transmission systems, which are becoming increasingly important in modern power systems. Further research is needed to fully understand the complex interactions between the dielectric performance of HVDC disconnectors in particular the post polymeric insulators application and the environmental factors","PeriodicalId":185809,"journal":{"name":"2023 AEIT HVDC International Conference (AEIT HVDC)","volume":"30 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115797442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Gnudi, G. Giannuzzi, C. Pisani, Michael Noce, A. Porcu, G. Coletta
{"title":"Commutation Failure Immunity Monitoring: the Italian Operation Experience","authors":"R. Gnudi, G. Giannuzzi, C. Pisani, Michael Noce, A. Porcu, G. Coletta","doi":"10.1109/AEITHVDC58550.2023.10179064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AEITHVDC58550.2023.10179064","url":null,"abstract":"The interaction between the grid and the High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) interconnections is extremely important as well as an ongoing challenge for guaranteeing the overall secure operation. The changes of the generation mix required for achieving carbon neutrality require a continuous monitoring of voltage and short circuit power levels. For LCC-HVDC, Commutation Failure (CF) is the main fault type caused by events in the AC grid. The literature on CF immunity for a HVDC link is quite poor. This paper presents WAMS-based methodology (Wide Area Monitoring System) for monitoring the Immunity of the HVDC against the Commutation Failure. The results obtained over three years of operation are shown, with particular emphasis on the sensitivity with respect to the type of fault triggering the phenomenon. The derived conclusions confirm the general background on the topic, highlighting major effects in case of large power flow through the HVDC link and multi-phase fault in the AC grid.","PeriodicalId":185809,"journal":{"name":"2023 AEIT HVDC International Conference (AEIT HVDC)","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127099247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sebastián Reyes, L. Morán, L. Vaccaro, J. Espinoza
{"title":"Analysis of the Chilean Power System Performance Considering a Long-Distance HVDC Transmission Line","authors":"Sebastián Reyes, L. Morán, L. Vaccaro, J. Espinoza","doi":"10.1109/AEITHVDC58550.2023.10178998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AEITHVDC58550.2023.10178998","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the effect that the connection of a 1400 km, $pm 600 text{kV}$ HVDC transmission line will have on the operation of the Chilean National Electrical System. The HVDC transmission line will connect the Kimal substation, located in the northern zone, with the Lo Aguirre substation (in the central zone), at the end of this decade. The line, with a rated power of 3000 MW, will allow the transmission of a large block of power between the northern and central parts of the country. This paper presents an analysis of the effect that the HVDC line will have on the operation of the National Electrical System. The analysis is made based on the results obtained in the power flows, and in the power system behavior during a two-phase to ground short-circuit in a 500 kV ac transmission line.","PeriodicalId":185809,"journal":{"name":"2023 AEIT HVDC International Conference (AEIT HVDC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130485185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. De Maria, M. Marzinotto, F. Palone, S. Patti, F. Gatta, M. Graziani, S. Lauria
{"title":"Assessment of Arc Current Extinction Time of Transient Faults in HVDC-VSC Systems with Hybrid DC Breakers","authors":"S. De Maria, M. Marzinotto, F. Palone, S. Patti, F. Gatta, M. Graziani, S. Lauria","doi":"10.1109/AEITHVDC58550.2023.10178997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AEITHVDC58550.2023.10178997","url":null,"abstract":"The interest in half-bridge Voltage Source Converters (VSCs) with HVDC circuit breakers is a solution to manage transient faults when the link is fully or partially made with an overhead line. The role of the HVDC circuit breaker becomes of paramount importance since to clear transient faults its ability to operate multi reclosures helps to increase the availability of the link. On the other hand, the arc current extinction time on the fault point along the line plays a not negligible role since this time has an impact on the reclosure of the line. Unfortunately, very little can be found in the scientific literature about HVDC breakers. For such reason, in this paper with the aim to study the fault current transients and the stresses an intentionally simplified approach has been adopted with the goal to have a first access to the expected values. The estimation of the arc extinction time of transient pole-to-ground fault in overhead HVDC line, which impacts the minimum dead time for a successful reclosure, is in any case the main aim of this paper. This is a first and necessary step to understand if potential critical issues could be expected. A deeper analysis should be carried out once more details will be available about these technologies.","PeriodicalId":185809,"journal":{"name":"2023 AEIT HVDC International Conference (AEIT HVDC)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123852138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Lauria, F. Mottola, Giuliano Grieco, C. Pisani, G. Giannuzzi
{"title":"Power System Resilience Improvement Provided by VSC-HVDC Link Flexibility","authors":"D. Lauria, F. Mottola, Giuliano Grieco, C. Pisani, G. Giannuzzi","doi":"10.1109/AEITHVDC58550.2023.10179059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AEITHVDC58550.2023.10179059","url":null,"abstract":"VSC-HVDC links can play a significant role in improving power system resilience due to their inner ability in properly regulating active and reactive powers in effective way. Because of that the dynamic behavior of the whole system can be improved in a remarkably way also by implementing innovative functions not foreseen in the classic power systems. These are necessary due to the growing tendency in using of production systems from renewable sources, as for example the emulation of inertia for counteracting the dramatic reduction of total system inertia. In this paper, a control strategy is tailored that can guarantee the participation of the HVDC link to the frequency regulation and voltage regulation at the point of connection buses, while ensuring the desirable level of synthetic inertia thanks to the DC capacitance installed at the connection buses. The control strategy is derived without loss of generality with respect to a two-area system with AC-DC link but can be easily extended to more complex systems. The control laws of the different loops, which are decoupled over the time, are designed by the well-known open loop shaping technique. The results of the numerical applications allow confirming the validity of the assumptions performed in the procedure of choosing of the various controller parameters.","PeriodicalId":185809,"journal":{"name":"2023 AEIT HVDC International Conference (AEIT HVDC)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127933949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Critical Review of Cigrè Technical Brochure 852","authors":"G. Mazzanti, M. Marzinotto, A. Battaglia","doi":"10.1109/AEITHVDC58550.2023.10179051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AEITHVDC58550.2023.10179051","url":null,"abstract":"In November 2021 the Cigrè WG B1.61 issued Technical Brochure 852, entitled “Recommendations for testing DC extruded cable systems for power transmission at a rated voltage up to and including 800 kV”. In some respects, this TB is mostly in line with previous TB 219:2003 and TB 496:2012, but it has also introduced novelties, like revisions of test criteria, regimes and methods, and special Temporary Overvoltage tests. Nevertheless, TB 852:2021 has several gaps and weak points. First and foremost, despite the statement “Wherever possible, the tests are based on existing recommendations, standards and practices”, TB 852:2021 neglects IEEE stds. 1732:2017 and 2862:2020, relevant respectively to space charge measurements on HVDC cables and AC voltage test with Partial Discharge (PD) measurement; such topics are very important for the performance and reliability of HVDC cable systems. The gaps and weak points of TB 852:2021 are treated here, aiming at improving it, also in view of future IEC standards and forthcoming HVDC cable projects at increasing levels of voltage, power and length.","PeriodicalId":185809,"journal":{"name":"2023 AEIT HVDC International Conference (AEIT HVDC)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114852626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Weiland, V. Hussennether, Marcos Gimenes Christianini de Abreu
{"title":"Smooth Interfacing of HVDC Converters and HVDC Cables","authors":"M. Weiland, V. Hussennether, Marcos Gimenes Christianini de Abreu","doi":"10.1109/AEITHVDC58550.2023.10179031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AEITHVDC58550.2023.10179031","url":null,"abstract":"Especially in the light of worldwide increasing demand of HVDC schemes using VSC converters a clearly defined interface between manufacturers of HVDC cables and of HVDC converter stations is seen mandatory for reliable planning, smooth construction and stable long-term operation. In this paper we combine these aspects by discussing the electrical interface covering steady state operating configurations, insulation coordination and dynamic modelling.","PeriodicalId":185809,"journal":{"name":"2023 AEIT HVDC International Conference (AEIT HVDC)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125909035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simulation of Sapei HVDC Using Modelica Language","authors":"Mohammad Babaeifar, S. Barsali, M. Ceraolo","doi":"10.1109/AEITHVDC58550.2023.10179027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AEITHVDC58550.2023.10179027","url":null,"abstract":"This paper attempts to implement Sardinia-Italian-peninsula (SAPEI) high voltage direct current (HVDC) system in Modelica language. SAPEI was commissioned in 2011 to contribute to the stability of Italian grid and facilitate the export of power from Sardinia to Italian mainland and vice versa. SAPEI along with two formerly established HVDC links connect Italian main grid to Sardinia and Corsica islands as well as the grid of Greece through dc power exchange. It is therefore necessary to foster cooperation among operators on the new stability and operation concerns. This paper represents a detailed modeling of SAPEI including power electronic converters and control strategies in Modelica language. As an open-source and equation-based language, Modelica provides clarity of modeling through revealing the details of models with reference to equations. This transparency is vital and would prevent inconsistency in cooperative studies.","PeriodicalId":185809,"journal":{"name":"2023 AEIT HVDC International Conference (AEIT HVDC)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128260247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}