Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease最新文献

{"title":"Factors affecting infant gut microbiota and possible consequences for health.","authors":"Merete Eggesbø, Siddhartha Mandal, Tore Midtvedt","doi":"10.3402/mehd.v26.28062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v26.28062","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract available. (Published: 29 May 2015) Citation: Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease 2015, 26 : 28062 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v26.28062","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"26 ","pages":"28062"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0c/48/MEHD-26-28062.PMC4451093.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33349795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feces transplantation for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection: US experience and recommendations.","authors":"Johan S Bakken","doi":"10.3402/mehd.v26.27657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v26.27657","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract available. (Published: 29 May 2015) Citation: Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease 2015, 26: 27657 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v26.27657","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"26 ","pages":"27657"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/84/ba/MEHD-26-27657.PMC4451100.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33349790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune modulation by non-digestible and non-absorbable beta-1,3/1,6-glucan.","authors":"Jan Raa","doi":"10.3402/mehd.v26.27824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v26.27824","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract available. (Published: 29 May 2015) Citation: Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease 2015, 26: 27824 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v26.27824","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"26 ","pages":"27824"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3402/mehd.v26.27824","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33349792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"We all need friends.","authors":"Jørgen Valeur","doi":"10.3402/mehd.v26.28063","DOIUrl":"10.3402/mehd.v26.28063","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"26 ","pages":"28063"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/40/8a/MEHD-26-28063.PMC4451092.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33349796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What did we learn today?","authors":"Tore Midtvedt","doi":"10.3402/mehd.v26.27908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v26.27908","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract available. (Published: 29 May 2015) Citation: Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease 2015, 26: 27908 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v26.27908","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"26 ","pages":"27908"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5a/13/MEHD-26-27908.PMC4451091.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33349793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opportunities to assess factors contributing to the development of the intestinal microbiota in infants living in developing countries.","authors":"Dennis Lang","doi":"10.3402/mehd.v26.28316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v26.28316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent evidence suggests that establishment of a healthy gut microbiota shortly after birth is important to achieve optimal growth and development of children. Being born into a resource-poor environment presents challenges to the establishment of a healthy gut microbial flora in the newborn. Among these challenges are births that occur at home, traditional pre-lacteal feeding of newborns leading to failure to initiate lactation, poor sanitation and water quality, early environmental exposure to, and infection with, enteric or other pathogens, suboptimal breast feeding duration and intensity, deficiencies in weaning and childhood diets contributing to micro- and macro-nutrient deficiencies, and the frequent use of antibiotics. These factors should be considered in the design and implementation of preventive and therapeutic interventions aimed at improving the health and development of these children. </p>","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"26 ","pages":"28316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/29/41/MEHD-26-28316.PMC4451096.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33349799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GUT in FOCUS Symposium NOBEL FORUM, Karolinska Institutet, February 2nd 2015.","authors":"","doi":"10.3402/mehd.v26.28480","DOIUrl":"10.3402/mehd.v26.28480","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"26 ","pages":"28480"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/da/56/MEHD-26-28480.PMC4451120.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33349801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enteric short-chain fatty acids: microbial messengers of metabolism, mitochondria, and mind: implications in autism spectrum disorders.","authors":"Derrick F MacFabe","doi":"10.3402/mehd.v26.28177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v26.28177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clinical observations suggest that gut and dietary factors transiently worsen and, in some cases, appear to improve behavioral symptoms in a subset of persons with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), but the reason for this is unclear. Emerging evidence suggests ASDs are a family of systemic disorders of altered immunity, metabolism, and gene expression. Pre- or perinatal infection, hospitalization, or early antibiotic exposure, which may alter gut microbiota, have been suggested as potential risk factors for ASD. Can a common environmental agent link these disparate findings? This review outlines basic science and clinical evidence that enteric short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), present in diet and also produced by opportunistic gut bacteria following fermentation of dietary carbohydrates, may be environmental triggers in ASD. Of note, propionic acid, a major SCFA produced by ASD-associated gastrointestinal bacteria (clostridia, bacteroides, desulfovibrio) and also a common food preservative, can produce reversible behavioral, electrographic, neuroinflammatory, metabolic, and epigenetic changes closely resembling those found in ASD when administered to rodents. Major effects of these SCFAs may be through the alteration of mitochondrial function via the citric acid cycle and carnitine metabolism, or the epigenetic modulation of ASD-associated genes, which may be useful clinical biomarkers. It discusses the hypothesis that ASDs are produced by pre- or post-natal alterations in intestinal microbiota in sensitive sub-populations, which may have major implications in ASD cause, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. </p>","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"26 ","pages":"28177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3402/mehd.v26.28177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33349798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of composition of microbiomes: a novel method for studying microbial composition.","authors":"Siddhartha Mandal,&nbsp;Will Van Treuren,&nbsp;Richard A White,&nbsp;Merete Eggesbø,&nbsp;Rob Knight,&nbsp;Shyamal D Peddada","doi":"10.3402/mehd.v26.27663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v26.27663","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Understanding the factors regulating our microbiota is important but requires appropriate statistical methodology. When comparing two or more populations most existing approaches either discount the underlying compositional structure in the microbiome data or use probability models such as the multinomial and Dirichlet-multinomial distributions, which may impose a correlation structure not suitable for microbiome data.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop a methodology that accounts for compositional constraints to reduce false discoveries in detecting differentially abundant taxa at an ecosystem level, while maintaining high statistical power.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We introduced a novel statistical framework called analysis of composition of microbiomes (ANCOM). ANCOM accounts for the underlying structure in the data and can be used for comparing the composition of microbiomes in two or more populations. ANCOM makes no distributional assumptions and can be implemented in a linear model framework to adjust for covariates as well as model longitudinal data. ANCOM also scales well to compare samples involving thousands of taxa.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We compared the performance of ANCOM to the standard t-test and a recently published methodology called Zero Inflated Gaussian (ZIG) methodology (1) for drawing inferences on the mean taxa abundance in two or more populations. ANCOM controlled the false discovery rate (FDR) at the desired nominal level while also improving power, whereas the t-test and ZIG had inflated FDRs, in some instances as high as 68% for the t-test and 60% for ZIG. We illustrate the performance of ANCOM using two publicly available microbial datasets in the human gut, demonstrating its general applicability to testing hypotheses about compositional differences in microbial communities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Accounting for compositionality using log-ratio analysis results in significantly improved inference in microbiota survey data.</p>","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"26 ","pages":"27663"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3402/mehd.v26.27663","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33348683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is irritable bowel syndrome a dysbiotic bowel syndrome?","authors":"Peter Benno,&nbsp;Ragnar Befrits,&nbsp;Elisabeth Norin,&nbsp;Arnold Berstad,&nbsp;Atti-La Dahlgren,&nbsp;Tore Midtvedt,&nbsp;Per M Hellström","doi":"10.3402/mehd.v26.27637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v26.27637","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract available. (Published: 29 May 2015) Citation: Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease 2015, 26: 27637 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v26.27637","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"26 ","pages":"27637"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b2/1f/MEHD-26-27637.PMC4451089.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33349787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}