Microwave and Optical Technology Letters最新文献

{"title":"Phase-Controlled Zoned Microwave Heating in a Dual-Port Solid-State-Driven Cavity System","authors":"Qiang Yang,&nbsp;Baoqing Zeng,&nbsp;Rongjun Liu,&nbsp;Jingrui Duan,&nbsp;Jianlong Liu","doi":"10.1002/mop.70725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70725","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Traditional microwave heating systems generally suffer from limited spatial controllability, making selective heating of different regions inside a resonant cavity difficult. To address this limitation, a dual-port solid-state microwave heating system based on phase-controlled phased-array technology for zoned microwave heating is proposed. A pair of inverted-F antennas was employed to generate controllable electromagnetic field distributions by adjusting the phase difference between the two excitation ports. An electromagnetic simulation model was established to investigate the phase-dependent field distribution, followed by thermal simulations and experimental validation using water loads under different loading conditions. Both the simulation and experimental results demonstrated that varying the phase difference effectively redistributed the microwave energy within the cavity, enabling multiple zoned-heating modes and directional heating with good agreement between the simulation and measurements. The proposed architecture provides an effective and relatively low-complexity solution for controllable microwave zoned heating and offers a practical approach for future intelligent microwave heating systems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"68 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Performance Analysis of a High-Isolation Dual-Frequency Dual-Circularly Polarized Antenna","authors":"Wang Xiaotian,&nbsp;Liu Min,&nbsp;Jiang Hua","doi":"10.1002/mop.70727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70727","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study presents an antenna for global short-message communication systems, operating in the B2b (1197–1217 MHz) and Lf4 (1610–1630 MHz) bands. To achieve excellent impedance matching within the target frequency ranges, the antenna employs a rhombic cross-dipole with a central open circular slot, integrated with a top-loaded circular patch technique. Dual-circular polarization (Dual-CP) is realized via a dual-stub network combined with orthogonal baluns, while the feed network incorporates built-in high-pass and low-pass filters to ensure high port isolation. Additionally, eight equidistantly arranged passive monopole fences are placed around the radiating element to enhance antenna gain at low elevation angles. Experimental results indicate the antenna exhibits a compact form factor (110 mm diameter × 48 mm height) and lightweight design (300 g), with Dual-CP port isolation exceeding 54 dB. These superior performance metrics make the proposed antenna well-suited for lightweight satellite systems, demonstrating significant application potential in global satellite short-message communication scenarios.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"68 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SIR Stub-Based Dual-Band Leaky Wave Antenna for Vehicular Communication","authors":"Debanjali Sadhu,&nbsp;Aritra Roy,&nbsp;Sayan Chatterjee","doi":"10.1002/mop.70728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70728","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This paper presents a compact dual-band leaky-wave antenna (LWA) based on a periodically loaded microstrip line incorporating two non-identical stepped-impedance resonator (SIR) stubs per unit cell. The dual SIR configuration excites two independent leaky modes within the same aperture, enabling frequency-controlled beam scanning in both sub-6 GHz and upper 7 GHz ranges, suitable for V2X and future 6G applications, respectively. The designed structure exhibits continuous beam steering from approximately &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;mn&gt;5&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;mo&gt;∘&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $-5{0}^{circ }$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; to &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;9&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;mo&gt;∘&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $-2{9}^{circ }$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; in the lower band (5.6–5.9 GHz) and from &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;8&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;mo&gt;∘&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $-3{8}^{circ }$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; to &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;mo&gt;∘&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $-2{3}^{circ }$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; in the upper band (7.1–7.7 GHz). The antenna is realized on an FR-4 substrate (&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;ϵ&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"68 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Single-Feed Dual-Band Frequency-Reconfigurable Patch Antenna With Mode-Selective Independent Tuning","authors":"Junlin Wang,&nbsp;Zhiqiong Yang,&nbsp;Xin Wang,&nbsp;Hongzhi Xu,&nbsp;Qiwei Wang","doi":"10.1002/mop.70726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70726","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A single-feed dual-band frequency-reconfigurable patch antenna with mode-selective independent tuning is proposed. Different varactor-loaded tuning branches are introduced at the current-sensitive regions of two orthogonal patch modes, enabling the lower and upper resonances to be controlled predominantly by different tuning paths within a shared radiating structure. The top-loaded varactor branch mainly controls the <i>x</i>-directed TM₁₀-like lower-band resonance, whereas the side-loaded varactor branches mainly tune the <i>y</i>-directed TM₀₁-like upper-band resonance. As a result, relatively independent dual-band tuning is achieved while maintaining a low-profile configuration and stable broadside radiation. The measured results demonstrate continuous tuning ranges from 2.39 to 3.10 GHz and from 3.09 to 4.95 GHz for the lower and upper bands, respectively, corresponding to relative tuning bandwidths of 25.8% and 46.2%. The peak realized gains are 5.2 and 8.42 dBi for the lower and upper bands, respectively.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"68 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148616697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-Wave Broadband Antenna Based on Composite Loading Technique","authors":"Yulong Liu,&nbsp;Kuan Tong,&nbsp;Yanfang Li,&nbsp;Xiaoxin Wu,&nbsp;Dongchao Li","doi":"10.1002/mop.70724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70724","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this letter, a broadband antenna is investigated for direction-finding application. The presented antenna consists of 12 pairs of orthogonal dipoles that can achieve full azimuth coverage. By increasing the distance of the dipoles, the elevation angle of the maximum radiation direction is reduced and the directivity is increased. The directivity increased by up to 2.33 dBi. Instead of the traditional resistive coupling device, a composite coupling device incorporating both an inductor and a capacitor is introduced. This device effectively broadens the operating band of antenna, achieving a VSWR of less than or equal to 1.6 across the 3 ~ 30 MHz range. Additionally, it enhances the lightning protection performance of antenna. The dipoles are vertically arranged and orthogonally placed. The sizes of the antenna are 0.14<i>λ</i>₀*0.14<i>λ</i>₀ (<i>λ</i>₀-the wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency). Moreover, a non-uniform <span>l</span>-shaped array is presented, which is composed of five unevenly arranged antenna elements. Non-uniform array effectively addresses the phase ambiguity issue in direction-finding application while enhancing the angular resolution of the direction-finding system. Additionally, the array possesses the capability of sensing signals throughout the entire space and achieves high directivity. A prototype of the antenna was fabricated and measured to verify the simulation results.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"68 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148616698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Throughput Variety Discrimination for Sorghum Grains Based on Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Decision-Level Fusion","authors":"Zhuopin Xu,&nbsp;Yan Li,&nbsp;Zan Liu,&nbsp;Anjing Chen,&nbsp;Shihai Jiang,&nbsp;Xiaoqin Wang,&nbsp;Qiang Rao,&nbsp;Xiaoshuai Wan,&nbsp;Yuejin Wu,&nbsp;Qi Wang,&nbsp;Qingliang Zhang,&nbsp;Pengfei Zhang","doi":"10.1002/mop.70697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70697","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As the primary raw material for Chinese Baijiu, the variety of sorghum grains critically influences the taste, flavor, and yield of the Baijiu. This study introduces a method based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and decision-level fusion (DLF) for high-throughput, nondestructive, and precise discrimination of sorghum grain varieties. The method leverages the relationship between key sorghum components (e.g., tannin content and amylopectin content) and variety categories. By fusing the spectral prediction results from NIR quantitative models for single-grain tannin content, single-grain amylopectin content, and a basic qualitative model for single-grain variety category, a DLF model with enhanced variety discrimination performance can be developed for high-throughput detection. This method was validated using more than 20 000 sorghum grains from 82 different sources. Spectral acquisition and analysis were performed on a self-developed high-throughput single-grain detection device. Results show that, under various machine learning algorithm optimizations, the proposed DLF model improved prediction accuracy by 0.09%–7.82% and prediction F1-score by 0.09%–9.77% compared to the basic sorghum variety discrimination model. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method and its potential in the quality control of raw materials for Baijiu production.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"68 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An SISL-Based Mode-Controlled Circularly Polarized Frequency-Reconfigurable Fractal Patch Antenna","authors":"Shameer Keelaillam,&nbsp;Lalit Kumar","doi":"10.1002/mop.70702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70702","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper presents a mode-controlled circularly polarized (CP) frequency-reconfigurable patch antenna realized on a substrate-integrated suspended line (SISL) platform. Unlike conventional reconfigurable CP antennas, in which frequency switching often alters the radiating mode set and degrades polarization purity, the proposed antenna achieves frequency agility through the selective activation and suppression of characteristic modes while preserving the same orthogonal CP mode pair. The radiator employs a D4-symmetric Apollonian-type fractal patch, whose nodal interconnections are electronically controlled using four PIN diodes. Circular polarization is generated by an asymmetric diagonal cross-slot that excites two near-degenerate orthogonal modes in the phase quadrature. Frequency reconfiguration is accomplished by altering the effective electrical length of identical radiating modes instead of activating distinct modes, thereby assuring polarization stability across frequency bands. The antenna operates in two switchable bands centered at 3.56 (5G n78) and 4.87 GHz (5G n79). The fabricated and measured results demonstrate impedance bandwidths of 3.33–3.71 GHz (10.8% FBW) and 4.57–5.25 GHz (13.85% FBW), with corresponding 3-dB axial ratio bandwidths of 3.44–3.69 GHz (7.01% FBW) and 4.68-5.06 GHz (7.8% FBW), respectively. Peak realized gains of 9.15 and 10.03 dBiC were achieved. The SISL platform provides a self-packaged, low-loss, and electromagnetically isolated environment for integrated RF and DC biasing networks, making the proposed design a viable candidate for adaptive wireless systems. The overall configuration of the antenna is of (0.8 × 0.8 × 0.071) <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msubsup>\u0000 <mi>λ</mi>\u0000 \u0000 <mn>0</mn>\u0000 \u0000 <mn>3</mn>\u0000 </msubsup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${lambda }_{0}^{3}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, where <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>λ</mi>\u0000 \u0000 <mn>0</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${lambda }_{0}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> is the wavelength at 3.44 GHz.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"68 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Circularly Polarized Wideband Flexible MIMO Antenna With Polarization Diversity for Brain-Machine Interfaces","authors":"Zhiwei Song,&nbsp;Jiale Wei","doi":"10.1002/mop.70708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70708","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A circularly polarized wideband flexible MIMO antenna with polarization diversity for brain-machine interfaces is proposed. The antenna is designed to cover the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band (2.4 GHz). The size of the antenna is only 5 × 6 × 0.127 mm³, the effective axial ratio bandwidth is gained by incorporating meandered rectangular slots on the radiating patch, etching a pair of <span>l</span>-shaped slots on the ground plane, and introducing short-circuit probes, covers 1.95–3.01 GHz (43.2%). Furthermore, the polarization diversity of the antenna array are obtained through the axisymmetric arrangement of the radiating elements, which enhances resistance to multipath fading and improves spectral utilization efficiency. Flexible material polyimide is used to make antennas that can maintain normal operation even when deformed. Through comprehensive link budget analysis and specific absorption rate calculations verified that the designed antenna can achieve a high-speed data transmission rate of 78 Mbps at a distance of 3 m while ensuring compliance with safety standards. The impact of integrating the antenna into implantable devices has been investigated through experiments conducted on a seven-layer head model, a realistic head model, and minced pork tissue. The measured results closely align with the simulated outcomes, validating that the proposed antenna demonstrates good performance after integration into implantable devices.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"68 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D-Topology-Coordinated Dynamic Load Balancing for Heterogeneous CPU + GPU Accelerated FDTD","authors":"Ming Fang,&nbsp;Wei Yang,&nbsp;Yang Shi,&nbsp;Jian Feng,&nbsp;Ke Xu,&nbsp;Minglin Yang,&nbsp;Yingsong Li,&nbsp;Zhixiang Huang,&nbsp;Atef Z. Elsherbeni","doi":"10.1002/mop.70700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70700","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To fully exploit hardware resources and maximize the computational performance of heterogeneous systems, a 3D-topology-coordinated strategy between CPU and GPU is proposed. To address the significant data exchange between hardware devices in existing CPU-GPU heterogeneous systems—which often results in suboptimal simulation performance—the proposed approach adopts a three-dimensional domain partitioning scheme for the simulation region. This strategy effectively reduces the volume of inter-device data transmission. Furthermore, to overcome the workload imbalance caused by varying computational capabilities and hardware affinity across different processors, a dynamic load balancing strategy based on topology-coordinated strategy is introduced. This method adaptively assigns computational tasks to each device according to real-time performance metrics, enabling intelligent workload distribution across diverse heterogeneous hardware environments. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed heterogeneous parallel FDTD method, which integrates dynamic load balancing with spatial partitioning, introduces no additional numerical errors. Compared with traditional serial FDTD implementations on multi-core CPUs and parallel implementations on multi-GPU systems, the proposed method achieves speedup factors of up to 872.1× and 2.27×, respectively. This represents a highly attractive enhancement for practical applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"68 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Feed Topology Design Method to Reduce the Cost of Compact Scanning Array","authors":"Liu-Yuan-Zhi Han,&nbsp;Yu Zeng,&nbsp;Yang Li,&nbsp;Xiao Ding","doi":"10.1002/mop.70695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70695","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this letter, a feed topology design method based on the principle of coherent radiation is proposed to reduce the number of compact scanning arrays' phase shifters, thereby reducing the hardware cost and energy consumption. The proposed feed topology reduces the number of required physical feeding ports by generating phase-tunable virtual ports. Guided by the proposed method, the number of phase shifters in a compact scanning array can ideally be reduced by up to 67%. Subsequently, a feed topology prototype with a bandwidth of 165% (0.9–9.5 GHz) was fabricated and measured to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. Progressive phase gradients at each output port are realized through the power divider and combiner topological structures. A conventional compact scanning array was fabricated to verify the performance of the proposed feed topology structure. After measurement, the compact scanning array realizes a beam scanning of <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>±</mo>\u0000 \u0000 <mn>5</mn>\u0000 \u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mn>0</mn>\u0000 \u0000 <mo>∘</mo>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $pm 5{0}^{circ }$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> with a side lobe level (SLL) below −10 dB, while reducing the number of phase shifters by 55%. The measurement results demonstrate that the proposed feed topology method offers a viable solution toward low-cost compact scanning arrays.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"68 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}