Microwave and Optical Technology Letters最新文献

{"title":"A Novel Structural-Shared Antenna for UAV Direction Retrodirective and Satellite-Integrated UAV Communication Applications","authors":"Haoge Tang,&nbsp;Yi Hong Su,&nbsp;Mingtang Li,&nbsp;Yulei Yang,&nbsp;Zuxing Wu,&nbsp;Xian Qi Lin","doi":"10.1002/mop.70346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70346","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A novel pure metal structural-shared antenna for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is proposed in this paper, enabling inter-UAV and UAV-satellite communication while featuring radar wave retrodirective capability for enhanced detection. The measured operating bandwidth of this antenna reaches 80.6%, with a maximum measured in-band gain of approximately 5.2 dB and 94% radiation efficiency. By incorporating a corner reflector structure, compared to a metal plate of the same area, the antenna exhibits significantly enhanced radar cross section (RCS) backscatter effects at millimeter-wave radar detection frequencies of 24 and 77 GHz, maintaining values above 15 and 20 dB, respectively. The antenna employs a cost-effective pure metal fabrication process and has been designed and adjusted to ensure omnidirectional radiation across a broadband range through dual resonance points. Experimental validation has confirmed its exceptional performance, demonstrating its potential in UAV communications and radar detection applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of Filtering Orthomode Transducer Based on Cavity Resonators","authors":"Zi-Long Feng,&nbsp;Qiang Shao,&nbsp;Rui-Sen Chen,&nbsp;Guan-Long Huang,&nbsp;Mustafa K. Taher Al-Nuaimi,&nbsp;Fu-Chang Chen","doi":"10.1002/mop.70375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70375","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A novel design for orthomode transducer (OMT) with an embedded bandpass filter function is proposed in this letter. The OMT consists of a common cavity resonator and four independent cavity resonators, which are coupled with each other via vertical and horizontal slots. By utilizing the two orthogonal resonant modes in a cavity resonator, a filtering OMT with different center frequency is achieved. To substantiate the efficacy and precision of the proposed design method, a filtering OMT was fabricated and subsequently subjected to measurement. The experimental results indicate that the proposed structure can achieve good filter function and high isolation over 40 dB between the output ports.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144881283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Single, Cascade, and Cascade Coating of Microbottle Resonator With Sensing Application","authors":"Md Ashadi Md Johari,&nbsp;Aminah Ahmad,&nbsp;Mohd HafizJali,&nbsp;Haziezol Helmi Mohd Yusof,&nbsp;Mohamad Haniff Harun,&nbsp;Farina Saffa Mohd Samsamnun,&nbsp;Muhammad Imran Mustafa Abdul Khudus,&nbsp;Sulaiman Wadi Harun","doi":"10.1002/mop.70373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70373","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This experimental paper explored the potential of the microbottle resonator (MBR) as a sensor with different structures and conditions. The silica fiber SMF-28 is used to form the bottle structure by a method known as “soften-and-compress.” Three different MBR structures with similar length <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>L</mi>\u0000 \u0000 <mi>b</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${L}_{b}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, stem diameter of <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>D</mi>\u0000 \u0000 <mi>s</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${D}_{s}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, and bottle diameter of <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>D</mi>\u0000 \u0000 <mi>b</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${D}_{b}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> are formed, classed as single, cascade and cascade coating MBR. The cascade coating MBR was used to apply polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) for the coating procedure. The transmitted power was observed in all MBR conditions, where the structure and coating may influence the resonator to have a low power value, ≥ 20 dBm. The performance of the MBRs as sensors is then represented by four parameters: sensitivity, linearity, stability, and repeatability from wavelength shift and transmitted spectral evaluation. Even though the cascade-coating MBR showed the lowest power value, it may influence to have remarkable performance through an evaluated parameter.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144870026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time Modulated Metasurface in X-Band for Radar Countermeasure","authors":"K. P. S. Maan,&nbsp;Rahul Vishwakarma,&nbsp;Kumar Vaibhav Srivastava","doi":"10.1002/mop.70366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70366","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study presents the design and implementation of reconfigurable metasurface time modulation in the X-band. Three layers form the time-modulated metasurface, with the middle layer switchable ground. The switching behavior of the PIN diode changes the reflection coefficient over time. Time-modulated complex-valued reflection coefficients produce harmonics with reduced reflected frequency component power and increased side-band power. The harmonic with reduced incidence frequency component power offers extra frequency shift and incorrect velocity information to X-band Doppler radar. A prototype with a thickness of 0.12<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>λ</mi>\u0000 <mi>L</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${lambda }_{L}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> and a periodicity of 0.26<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>λ</mi>\u0000 <mi>L</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${lambda }_{L}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> (the lowest frequency) is proposed. In the frequency range of 7.8–12.9 GHz, the measured spectrum of the reflected electromagnetic wave component at <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mspace></mspace>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>f</mi>\u0000 <mi>in</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $,{{text{f}}}_{mathrm{in}}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> ranges from −0 to −17 dB. The authors claim this is the first experimental proof of a time-modulated metasurface in the 7.8–12.9 GHz frequency range (X-band). The structure can disrupt X-band Doppler radar target recognition and tracking with a Doppler-like frequency shift in the reflected wave.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144869969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 360° High-Resolution Single-Port Reflection-Type Phase Shifter for Reconfigurable Reflectarray Antennas","authors":"Liqi Yang,&nbsp;Yuefeng Hou,&nbsp;Meicheng Liu,&nbsp;Peiqi Jin,&nbsp;Chenhao Zhang,&nbsp;Shuang Zheng,&nbsp;Tianjie Guo","doi":"10.1002/mop.70374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70374","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This letter presents a novel generalized single-port phase shifter topology utilizing a 360° high-resolution reflection-type phase shifter (RTPS), which can be applied for reconfigurable reflectarray antenna (RRA) applications. First, we propose a novel single-port RTPS topology for the first time. Compared with the traditional dual-port phase shifter topology, the proposed single-port phase shifter topology can be applied in RRA elements. Moreover, a detailed theoretical analysis is conducted by establishing an equivalent topology. Second, to improve design and test efficiency, we utilize the two-step phase extraction method. This method can reduce the required tunable states from 2^2<i>n</i> to 2^<i>n</i>+1 for an <i>n</i>-bit varactor. Additionally, to minimize the phase step, a phase step optimization theory based on load optimization is proposed. Finally, to validate the design concept, a prototype was fabricated using low-cost PCB technology. By utilizing the two-step phase extraction method, the required tunable states for a 6-bit varactor are reduced by 97%. Experimental results show that the proposed 7-bit single-port RTPS achieves high resolution and a full 360° phase shift range with an insertion loss of 2.54 ± 1.24 dB at 2.45 GHz. Thus, the proposed single-port RTPS topology has the potential to be applied in RRA applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144870024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-Layer Ultrathin Reflectarray Antenna With Independently Controllable Dual Beams","authors":"Weiliang Yu,&nbsp;Shijun Tong,&nbsp;Xiwang Dai,&nbsp;Leilei Liu,&nbsp;Guo Qing Luo","doi":"10.1002/mop.70367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70367","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper proposes an X-band single-layer ultrathin low cross-polarization level reflectarray antenna with independently controllable dual beams. The unit cell of the reflectarray consists of a phase control layer, a dielectric plate and a metal plane. The phase control layer is composed of a cross patch and a metal grid. Four slots are etched on the cross patch, and independent beam control of dual-linear polarization electromagnetic (EM) waves can be achieved by adjusting the length of the cross patch. The metal grid reduces the coupling between adjacent unit cells to ensure stable phase compensation. The reflection elevation angles for the two polarization beams are ±15°. The measured results show that the 2 dB gain bandwidth of x- and y-polarizations are 18.2% and 18%, and the 3 dB gains of x- and y-polarizations are 21% and 21.3%, respectively. The reflectarray's bandwidth can be further improved with an increase of the reflectarray's thickness. The cross-polarization levels were all below –37.5 dB. The proposed reflectarray antenna can realize the independent control of broadband dual-polarized beams in an ultra-low profile (0.069λ), which is a very competitive solution for the satellite applications and scenarios requiring lightweight.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144869607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A High Conversion Gain and Low Phase Noise Self-Oscillating Mixer Based on Positive Feedback Technique","authors":"Shiqiang Fu,&nbsp;Yiyao Chen,&nbsp;Yang Wang,&nbsp;Chanjuan Li","doi":"10.1002/mop.70364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70364","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The paper proposes a novel self-oscillating mixer (SOM) that exploits the strong nonlinearity of the BFP740 transistor in a positive feedback oscillation circuit for frequency mixing. By utilizing a high Q factor and high-isolation diplexer based on folded stepped impedance resonators, as well as a wide stopband low-pass filter, precise frequency selection and effective signal filtering are achieved. A SOM prototype with an area of 0.79λ₀ × 0.79λ₀ is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measurement results demonstrate that the proposed SOM exhibits oscillation at 2.26 GHz with a conversion gain of +10.5 dB when applied to an RF input frequency of 2.46 GHz at −30 dBm power, along with 1 dB compression point at −19 dBm. Additionally, the phase noise of the intermediate frequency signal is better than −107.56 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144869606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Electronically Tunable SIW Cavity With Wide Discrete Frequency Variation Using Dual-Mode Perturbation","authors":"Ricardo Caranicola Caleffo,&nbsp;Murilo Hiroaki Seko,&nbsp;Fatima Salete Correra","doi":"10.1002/mop.70372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70372","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study presents a complete process for designing electronically tunable SIW cavities with wide frequency variations by perturbing the TE₁₀₁ and TE₁₀₂ resonant modes. Two major and novel contributions are presented. Firstly, an investigation of six different resonant modes is conducted to identify the optimal modes for designing tunable cavities with wide frequency variations. The study demonstrates that the TE₁₀₁, TE₁₀₂, and TE₂₀₁ modes are preferable for achieving wider frequency variations while maintaining an acceptable reduction in the cavity quality factor. Finally, a novel, low-loss, electronically tunable SIW cavity, perturbed by a set of three grounded metal posts controlled by PIN-diode switches, was designed to resonate in the fundamental mode at 3.4 GHz, considering 5G applications, and was subsequently fabricated. The experimental results of the designed tunable cavity demonstrated discrete-step tuning of its resonant frequency over bandwidths of 15.7% and 21.7% for the TE₁₀₁ and TE₁₀₂ modes, respectively. These tunable bandwidths are around 2 times wider than those reported previously for cavities perturbing two different modes. Field-distribution analyses were performed throughout the study using computational simulations. The cavity performance obtained by full-wave simulation was compared with the experimental results, demonstrating an excellent agreement of the cavity input reflection coefficient for the different tuning states of the cavity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144869222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 110 GHz Continuous 220° Phase Shifter Using Passive Feedback Circuit in 40-nm CMOS Technology","authors":"Ruibing Dong,&nbsp;Shinsuke Hara,&nbsp;Mohamed H. Mubarak,&nbsp;Issei Watanabe,&nbsp;Satoru Tanoi,&nbsp;Tatsuo Hagino,&nbsp;Akifumi Kasamatsu","doi":"10.1002/mop.70365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70365","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The circuit mechanism of the feedback phase shifter is clearly analyzed based on microwave network analysis, and then an intuitive design approach is proposed. First, the phase shifting concept beyond the addressed design will be analyzed in terms of <i>Y</i>-parameters, and the dependency of the phase on the feedback admittance <i>Y</i>_f will accordingly be concluded. A feedback circuit was therefore designed based on an intuitive phase-magnitude graph, such that the locus of admittance <i>Y</i>_f will cross over various phase lines on the plane when tuning the varactor at the feedback. To demonstrate the approach, a phase shifter was designed, which consists of two successive shifter stages for coarse and fine-tuning that provide 177° and 46° for each stage, respectively, at 110 GHz. The module is adopted in a 1.16 mm² size and shows a total DC power consumption of 92 mW.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144869291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-Band Impedance Transformer Using Four-Section With a Wide and Flexible Frequency Ratio","authors":"Walid Zahra,&nbsp;Abdelkader Zerfaine,&nbsp;Tarek Djerafi","doi":"10.1002/mop.70309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70309","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, a dual-band RF rectifier with flexible frequency ratios is presented. To achieve this flexibility, a four-section transformer is proposed that covers a wide range of the Smith chart impedance, including the region closest to the open-circuit impedance of the diode. Additionally, a new dual-band short stub is introduced, designed to ensure proper current feedback without compromising in-band performance. By combining the dual-band matching circuit with shorted stubs, a wide frequency ratio is achieved. Two different dual-band circuits, with frequencies of 0.7/1.2 and 0.7/2.45 GHz, were fabricated and tested to demonstrate the flexibility of the proposed topology. The designs were based on the SMS-7630 Schottky diode and tested at frequencies below 6 GHz. Experimental results show that the first dual-band circuit (0.7/1.2 GHz) achieves efficiencies of 70% and 60.5%, while the second dual-band circuit (0.7/2.45 GHz) has efficiencies of 88.5% and 50%. The maximum voltages reached were 3.8 and 3.45 V, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mop.70309","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}