Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Development and evaluation of an ovarian cancer prognostic model based on adaptive immune-related genes.","authors":"Huangmin Shi, Lijuan Li, Linying Zhou, Caiping Hong","doi":"10.1097/MD.0000000000042030","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MD.0000000000042030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The adaptive immune system plays a vital role in cancer prevention and control. However, research investigating the predictive value of adaptive immune-related genes (AIRGs) in ovarian cancer (OC) prognosis is limited. This study aims to explore the functional roles of AIRGs in OC. Transcriptomic, clinical-pathological, and prognostic data for OC were downloaded from public databases. Differential expression analysis, univariate, and Lasso Cox regression analyses were utilized to construct a risk signature. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, enrichment analysis, somatic mutation analysis, immune infiltration analysis, and drug sensitivity analysis were performed to characterize differences between high-risk and low-risk groups. Independent prognostic factors were identified through multivariate Cox regression analysis to construct a nomogram. Expression of signature-related AIRGs was validated using in OC cells and tissues. A total of 109 AIRGs significantly associated with overall survival (OS) in OC were identified, of which 15 were selected to construct the risk signature: AP1S2, AP2A1, ASB2, BTLA, BTN3A3, CALM1, CD3G, CD79A, EVL, FBXO4, FBXO9, HLA-DOB, LILRA2, MALT1, and PIK3CD. This signature stratified the OC cohort into high-risk and low-risk groups, which exhibited significant differences in prognosis, gene expression, mutation profiles, immunotherapy response, and drug sensitivity. Specifically, the low-risk group showed better prognosis, higher tumor mutational burden, greater response to immunotherapy, increased M1 macrophage and T follicular helper (Tfh) cell infiltration, and higher sensitivity to cisplatin and gemcitabine. The nomogram, integrating the AIRG-derived risk signature with age and clinical stage, demonstrated superior performance in predicting OC prognosis compared to other factors. Moreover, the differential expression of signature-related AIRGs were further confirmed in OC cells and tissue as compared to the normal cells or tissues. Our findings highlight the significant association between AIRGs and the prognosis of OC. The prognostic model developed using AIRGs demonstrates strong predictive capabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":18549,"journal":{"name":"Medicine","volume":"104 14","pages":"e42030"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota, inflammatory proteins and bone mineral density in different age groups: A Mendelian randomization study.","authors":"Yuechang Hong, Minghui Yang, Xin Xu, Peng Wang, Zixin Ten, Huang Chen, Minqiang Fu, Renying Xiong, Jianjiang Ouyang","doi":"10.1097/MD.0000000000041875","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MD.0000000000041875","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several studies have indicated a potential association between gut microbiota and bone density. However, the causal relationship between gut microbiota and bone mineral density across different age groups, as well as the potential role of inflammatory proteins as mediators, remains unclear. Gut microbiota, inflammatory proteins, and bone mineral density (BMD) were identified in various age groups using summary data from large-scale genome-wide association studies. Mendelian randomization was employed to examine the causal connections between gut microbiota, inflammatory proteins, and BMD in different age groups, primarily utilizing inverse variance weighted as the statistical method. Furthermore, the potential role of inflammatory proteins as mediators in the pathway from gut microbiota to BMD was investigated. Eight positive and 19 negative causal relationships between gut microbiota and BMD were observed across various age groups. We also identified 14 positive and 8 negative causal relationships between inflammatory proteins and BMD in different age groups. Inflammatory proteins did not appear to function as mediators in the pathway from gut microbiota to BMD. Gut microbiota and inflammatory proteins were causally linked to BMD; however, inflammatory proteins did not seem to function as mediators in the pathway from gut microbiota to BMD because the effects of intestinal flora on bone density and the effects of inflammatory factors on bone density were in different directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18549,"journal":{"name":"Medicine","volume":"104 14","pages":"e41875"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of biomarkers for endometriosis based on summary-data-based Mendelian randomization and machine learning.","authors":"Ziwei Xie, Yuxin Feng, Yue He, Yingying Lin, Xiaohong Wang","doi":"10.1097/MD.0000000000041804","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MD.0000000000041804","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endometriosis (EM) significantly impacts the quality of life, and its diagnosis currently relies on surgery, which carries risks and may miss early lesions. Noninvasive biomarkers are urgently needed for early diagnosis and personalized treatment. This study utilized the genome-wide association study dataset from FinnGen and performed Multi-marker Analysis of GenoMic Annotation (MAGMA) to identify genes significantly associated with EM. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were then analyzed, and an intersection selection was conducted to obtain the MAGMA-related DEGs. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed to explore the biological functions of these genes. Summary-data-based Mendelian randomization was used to identify potential risk and protective genes. Subsequently, a machine learning model was used to further select key biomarkers. Single-cell RNA sequencing and consensus clustering were applied to analyze the expression of biomarkers and classify the EM samples into subgroups. Immune infiltration analysis was conducted to evaluate the molecular characteristics of these subgroups. MAGMA analysis identified 2832 genes significantly associated with EM, while 3055 DEGs were detected. Intersection analysis resulted in 437 MAGMA-related DEGs. Summary-data-based Mendelian randomization analysis identified 10 candidate genes, and after further selection using a machine learning model, three core biomarkers were validated: adenosine kinase, enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase, and CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 7. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed the expression patterns of these biomarkers. Consensus clustering analysis classified 77 EM samples into two subgroups, with immune infiltration analysis showing significant differences in immune cell composition among the subgroups. This study successfully identified three core biomarkers for EM: adenosine kinase, enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase, and CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 7, which exhibit protective roles in EM.</p>","PeriodicalId":18549,"journal":{"name":"Medicine","volume":"104 14","pages":"e41804"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive value of dry eye disease signs and corneal in vivo confocal microscopy on serological activity in primary Sjögren disease.","authors":"Yiren Wang, Xiaodan Jiang, Jiaxi Li, Xuemin Li","doi":"10.1097/MD.0000000000042054","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MD.0000000000042054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences in the ocular signs and in vivo confocal microscope (IVCM) findings between dry eye disease (DED) patients with and without primary Sjögren disease (SjD), and to establish a predictive model to evaluate the serological activity of SjD based on IVCM findings: we examined 42 (84 eyes) and 41 (82 eyes) with and without SjD, respectively. IVCM was used to evaluate corneal nerve density (CND) and corneal dendritic cell density (DCD). Tear meniscus height (TMH), and tear film breakup time (BUT), corneal fluorescein staining (FL), serum anti-Ro/anti circular single stranded DNA antibody, anti-La/anti single chain binding protein antibody, IgG, C3, and salivary gland biopsies were performed. Patients with SjD had a lower CND (P < .0001), lower TMH (P < .001), higher DCD (P < .001), and higher corneal FL scores (P = .014) than patients without SjD. The equation for the prediction of SjD was as follows: Y1 = 4.313 + (-0.23) × CND + 0.02 × DCD + -10.89 × TMH (P < .0001). The negative and positive predictive powers of the model were 83.78% and 80.56%, respectively, and the cutoff value for Y1 was 0.392. The predicted serological activity of SjD was as follows: Y2 = -1.271 + 0.014 × DCD + 0.6074 × FL (P = .0002). The negative and positive predictive powers of the model were 68.75% and 84.38%, respectively. The cutoff value of Y2 was 0.427. CND, DCD, and TMH demonstrated good predictive values for distinguishing whether DED is caused by SjD. DED and FL had good predictive values for evaluating the serological activity of SjD.</p>","PeriodicalId":18549,"journal":{"name":"Medicine","volume":"104 14","pages":"e42054"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the clinical efficacy and TCM syndrome element changes of modified Longgu Muli Decoction in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis.","authors":"Qiang Zhang, Jinmin Zhang","doi":"10.1097/MD.0000000000041828","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MD.0000000000041828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study, designed as a retrospective study, aims to investigate the clinical efficacy of Longgu Muli Decoction plus additions in treating chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and the changes in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes. Sixty patients with CAG were enrolled and divided into the observation group and control group according to different treatment methods, with 30 patients in each group. The observation group received Longgu Muli Decoction plus additions, while the control group received conventional treatment. The treatment duration was 4 weeks. Clinical efficacy, TCM syndrome scores, gastrointestinal hormone levels, serum inflammatory factor levels, and sleep quality of the 2 groups were evaluated before and after treatment. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 statistical software. The total effective rate in the observation group was 96.67%, significantly higher than 86.67% in the control group (P < .05). After treatment, the TCM syndrome scores, gastrointestinal hormone levels (endothelin [ET], calcitonin gene-related peptide [CGRP], epidermal growth factor [EGF]), and serum inflammatory factor levels (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin-6 [IL-6], C-reactive protein [CRP]) in the observation group were significantly better than those in the control group (P < .05). Moreover, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) total score and various subscale scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < .05). Longgu Muli Decoction plus additions has significant clinical efficacy in treating CAG. It can effectively improve gastrointestinal function, reduce inflammatory reactions, and enhance sleep quality, thus demonstrating high clinical application value.</p>","PeriodicalId":18549,"journal":{"name":"Medicine","volume":"104 14","pages":"e41828"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The adult HNRNPH1::ERG positive acute myeloid leukemia with clear lower remission and worse prognosis: A case report and review of the literature.","authors":"Yanyan Lu, Rui Wei, Jianlan Li, Lianrong Xu","doi":"10.1097/MD.0000000000041809","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MD.0000000000041809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) derived from t(5;21)(q35;q22) translocation, post-transcriptional translation, forming the HNRNPH1::ERG fusion gene is a rare group of recurrent chromosomal abnormality myeloid malignancies. Only 1 adult case of AML has been reported so far. Here we identified a disparate adult case of HNRNPH1::ERG positive AML with clear breakpoint locations by utilizing The RNA sequencing(RNA-seq) and we addressed the clinical, treatment, pathological and molecular mechanism, along with a review of the literature.</p><p><strong>Patients concerns: </strong>A 54-year-old man visited our department with fever and fatigue for 10 days.</p><p><strong>Diagnoses: </strong>Diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) through morphology, immunology, Cytogenetics, and Molecular biology (MICM) typing, with a confirmed HNRNPH1-ERG fusion gene.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>Multiple induction chemotherapy combined with targeted therapy was performed.</p><p><strong>Outcomes: </strong>He died in February 2024.</p><p><strong>Lessons: </strong>In our review, Only 1 adult case of AML has been reported so far. To summarize the 5 cases in the studies, the HNRNPH1::ERG positive AML cases had a significantly higher blast cell counts and more frequently companied with rare gene mutations, which characterized poorer prognosis and lower remission in adult HNRNPH1::ERG positive AML.</p>","PeriodicalId":18549,"journal":{"name":"Medicine","volume":"104 14","pages":"e41809"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of resistive index in the diagnosis of Hashimoto thyroiditis: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Kiarash Soltani, Elham Keshavarz, Ensi Khalili Pouya, Razieh Jamali, Taraneh Faghihi Langroudi, Sara Haseli","doi":"10.1097/MD.0000000000041933","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MD.0000000000041933","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The diagnostic role of Doppler ultrasonography regarding Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is not fully established. We examined intraparenchymal resistive index (RI) as a Doppler parameter, thyroidal vascularity and other Gray-Scale findings in adults with HT in order to evaluate the clinical feasibility of RI in the diagnosis of this disease. The study included 48 women aged 20 to 50 years who had recently been diagnosed with HT. These participants, who were either euthyroid or sub-clinically hypothyroid during the study period, underwent sonographic examination. Thyroid glands were classified into 4 distinct patterns, using the Color Doppler Scale introduced by Schultz et al and also based on Sostre and Reyes Gray-Scale Grading System they were classified into 4 Grades. Intraparenchymal RIs were obtained in 2 locations within each lobe of the thyroid gland. Gray-Scale findings were compared to Doppler findings (RI). Also, intraparenchymal RIs were obtained in 45 healthy adults as a control group. The mean RI values were determined by calculating the mean of the RI measurements obtained from both lobes of each participant in the patient and control groups. The mean RI value was found to be 0.57 ± 0.05 (range 0.5-0.7) cm/s in patient group and 0.54 ± 0.05 (range 0.47-0.7) cm/s in control group. The results were distributed as follows: pattern 0 was observed in 22 cases, pattern I in 15 cases, pattern II in 6 cases, and pattern III in 5 cases. The mean RI values for patients with normal or nearly normal Gray-Scale findings (n = 13) and those with more pronounced Gray-Scale changes (n = 35) showed no significant difference. However, both groups exhibited higher mean RI values compared to the normal adults in the control group. The results highlight that the RI could be an effective and sensitive tool for diagnosing HT through Doppler ultrasonography.</p>","PeriodicalId":18549,"journal":{"name":"Medicine","volume":"104 14","pages":"e41933"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eye acupuncture therapy for insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Shuxuan Wang, Zhenyu Shi, Sheng Li, Mengjiao Li, Yaqun Wang","doi":"10.1097/MD.0000000000041767","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MD.0000000000041767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Insomnia is a common sleep disorder, and this meta-analysis aimed to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of eye acupuncture combined with other therapies in treating insomnia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this comprehensive meta-analysis, we conducted a systematic evaluation of the effectiveness of eye acupuncture as a treatment for insomnia, a widespread sleep disorder. Our literature search spanned multiple databases, including Wanfang, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wipo Information Chinese Periodicals Service Platform, China Biology Medicine, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase, covering the period from their inception to February 1, 2024, and including both Chinese and English publications. The article included randomized controlled trials comparing eye acupuncture combined with other treatments versus non-eye acupuncture treatments for insomnia. Data extraction was independently conducted by 2 evaluators, and the risk of bias was rigorously assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. The synthesis of data involved a meta-analysis using RevMan 5.3 software, complemented by sensitivity analysis comparing fixed and random effects models to enhance the robustness of our findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study involved 13 clinical studies involving 856 patients with insomnia.The meta-analysis findings indicated that the combined eye acupuncture treatment exhibited significantly superior clinical efficacy compared to either drug treatment or non-drug treatment alone (odds ratio = 3.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.18-6.32, Z = 4.82, P < .00001). Compared with the control group, the intervention group exhibited a lower Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score (PSQI; mean difference [MD] = -2.46, 95% CI [-3.07, -1.85], Z = 7.87, P < .00001). Moreover, the Traditional Chinese Medicine Symptom Score (TCMSS) of the intervention group decreased more than that of the control group (MD = -1.51, 95% CI [-2.80, -0.22], Z = 2.29, P = .02). In the documentation of adverse reactions, a single study reported that 2 patients experienced mild subcutaneous hemorrhage following eye acupuncture treatment, which resolved spontaneously post-treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of eye acupuncture with other therapies in the treatment of insomnia can enhance clinical efficacy, reduce the TCMSS and the PSQI score, and effectively improve insomnia outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18549,"journal":{"name":"Medicine","volume":"104 14","pages":"e41767"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastroesophageal reflux disease and osteoporosis: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.","authors":"Qinghua Yang, Longao Huang, Hongyuan Xu, Junfei Feng, Dun Liu, Shengwang Wei, Hua Jiang","doi":"10.1097/MD.0000000000042083","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MD.0000000000042083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In observational studies, associations between osteoporosis (OP) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) have been found. We conducted a 2-way, 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to determine whether these associations have a causal relationship. Data on GERD at the summary-level were sourced from extensive genome-wide association studies encompassing 129,080 cases and 473,524 control subjects. Bone mineral density (BMD) served as the phenotypic indicator for OP. BMD metrics were compiled from a cohort of 537,750 individuals, encompassing total body BMD (TB-BMD) and stratified TB-BMD across age groups, along with BMD measurements at 4 anatomical locations: lumbar spine, femoral neck, heel, and ultra-distal forearm. Multiple MR approaches, such as the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, MR-Egger regression, and the MR-PRESSO test, were employed, among which findings obtained by IVW method were designated as the primary outcomes. For quality assurance, sensitivity analyses were conducted using the MR-Egger intercept, Cochran Q, and leave-one-out test. There were no significant causal links between genetic inclination towards GERD and reduced BMD levels. Nonetheless, the genetic evidence suggests a causal link between higher BMD levels and lower incidence of GERD [TB-BMD: OR = 0.941, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 0.910-0.972, P < .001; TB-BMD-1: OR = 0.919, 95% CI = 0.885-0.954, P < .001; TB-BMD-3: OR = 0.945, 95% CI = 0.915-0.977, P = .001; TB-BMD-4: OR = 0.926, 95% CI = 0.896-0.957, P < .001]. Sensitivity analyses corroborate our findings. The MR analysis indicates no significant causal link between genetic inclination towards GERD and OP or reduced BMD within the European demographic. In addition, the study suggests that lower BMD or OP, as predicted by genetics, may contribute to the development of GERD.</p>","PeriodicalId":18549,"journal":{"name":"Medicine","volume":"104 14","pages":"e42083"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraocular lens power calculation in pediatric cataract surgery: A narrative review.","authors":"Bogumiła Wójcik-Niklewska, Martyna Nocoń-Bratek, Klaudia Szala","doi":"10.1097/MD.0000000000042072","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MD.0000000000042072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Congenital cataract is a lens opacification that disrupts normal visual development, requiring early surgical intervention to prevent amblyopia. In children, timely surgery, followed by optical correction and vision rehabilitation, is crucial for achieving binocular vision with foveal fixation. The recommended surgical timing is within 8 weeks for unilateral cases and by 4 months for bilateral cases to minimize long-term visual impairment. Despite advancements in intraocular lens (IOL) technology and ophthalmic microsurgery, accurate IOL power selection in pediatric patients remains a challenge due to axial length growth, biometric variability, and the reliance on formulas derived from adult models. These factors contribute to postoperative refractive errors, making proper formula selection essential in minimizing additional corrective interventions. Traditional third-generation formulas, such as the Sanders-Retzlaff-Kraff-T and Holladay 1, are commonly used in pediatric cases. However, recent studies suggest that Barrett Universal II offers greater accuracy in older children, owing to its advanced vergence-based algorithm and improved axial length prediction. Emerging formulas, including Hill-RBF 3.0 and Kane, show promise but require further validation in pediatric cohorts. Additionally, ocular growth dynamics must be accounted for when determining postoperative refractive targets. Younger children often require undercorrection to compensate for axial elongation, and biometric formulas must be chosen accordingly to optimize long-term outcomes. The lack of pediatric-specific formulas further complicates IOL selection, emphasizing the need for new models that integrate machine learning algorithms and growth prediction data.</p>","PeriodicalId":18549,"journal":{"name":"Medicine","volume":"104 14","pages":"e42072"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}