Mineralogy and Petrology最新文献

{"title":"Zircon chemistry of the late cretaceous-eocene granites from Tengchong block: insights into the genesis of host magmas","authors":"Zhuanrong Sun,&nbsp;Guochen Dong,&nbsp;Jianheng Guo,&nbsp;Zhongbao Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00710-025-00920-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00710-025-00920-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Tengchong Block is notable for its diverse granitic intrusions and associated tin deposits. This study investigates the chemical compositions of zircons from the Late Cretaceous Guyong pluton and Eocene Lailishan pluton in the Tengchong Block to elucidate magmatic processes and sources, and their implications for tin mineralization. The zircons are characterized by long-prismatic shapes and oscillatory zoning, relatively high Hf concentrations (&gt; 5000 ppm) and Th/U ratios ranging from 0.20 to 1.97, and low Eu/Eu* [= Eu_N/(Sm_N×Gd_N)^0.5; where the subscript N denotes chondrite-normalised mass fractions] ratios of 0.02–0.40. Both the Guyong and Lailishan granites underwent significant differentiation, as evidenced by variations in zircon chemistry with increasing Hf concentrations. The wide range of Ti-in-zircon temperatures (870–650 ℃), along with decreasing Ti contents and Th/U ratios, suggests progressive cooling and fractional crystallization from the point of zircon saturation to the final solidification of the magma. The declining Dy/Yb ratios point to the fractionation of hornblende or titanite, while the reduction in Eu/Eu* ratios implies plagioclase fractionation. The relatively high U/Yb ratios (0.23–6.40) confirm a crustal magma source for these granites. Additionally, the pronounced negative Eu anomaly and the varying Ce/Ce* [= Ce_N/(La_N×Pr_N)^0.5] ratios of 6–400 without a clear correlation with ΔFMQ [fayalite-magnetite-quartz buffer] indicate that high magmatic differentiation, rather than a reducing environment, may have been the primary factor influencing in tin mineralization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18547,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogy and Petrology","volume":"119 2","pages":"231 - 242"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potassium micas: a new treatment of literature data","authors":"Milan Rieder","doi":"10.1007/s00710-025-00914-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00710-025-00914-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present data set includes results of 1460 mica analyses, of which 1157 had passed crystal-chemical screening. Their composition was plotted in a projection pyramid alongside with eight potassium mica end-members. The biotite and zinnwaldite faces of the pyramid, together with the basal projection (from the muscovite vertex), are most informative, not only to illustrate main composition trends, but also to appreciate the distribution of dioctahedral + trioctahedral mica pairs. The two-mica subset (87 pairs, 61 of which passed crystal-chemical screening) might be promising for <i>T-p</i> applications. Physical properties are available for a limited number of micas: refractive indices <i>β</i>,<i> γ</i> (<i>N</i> = 620), mass density (<i>N</i> = 284), and unit-cell parameter <i>b</i> (<i>N</i> = 176). Corresponding regression equations were fitted as functions of orthogonal coordinates in the basal projection and offer estimates of what researchers may expect for a given mica composition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18547,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogy and Petrology","volume":"119 2","pages":"223 - 229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Professor Stephen H. Richardson: a geochemist for the ages","authors":"Steven B. Shirey","doi":"10.1007/s00710-025-00929-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00710-025-00929-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18547,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogy and Petrology","volume":"119 3","pages":"295 - 298"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Victor diamonds – replacement of carbon and nitrogen in the central Superior Craton mantle root associated with the Midcontinent Rift event","authors":"Luisa D. V. Carvalho,&nbsp;Anetta Banas,&nbsp;Pamela Wescott,&nbsp;Mitchell Galarneau,&nbsp;Kelsey Graversen,&nbsp;Richard Stern,&nbsp;Ingrid Chinn,&nbsp;Heidi E. Höfer,&nbsp;Karlis Muehlenbachs,&nbsp;Matthew Steele-MacInnis,&nbsp;David Fisher,&nbsp;Julie Kong,&nbsp;Thomas Stachel","doi":"10.1007/s00710-025-00895-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00710-025-00895-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We studied the δ¹³C-δ¹⁵N-[N] (with [N] = N concentration) characteristics of 129 diamonds from the Victor Mine, Canada, to constrain the mode of their formation and the source of their C and N. In addition, we provide new inclusion chemistry data (<i>n</i> = 22) principally from sulfide-bearing diamonds (<i>n</i> = 19). High Ni (&gt; 18 wt%) and detectable Cr (&gt; 0.06 wt%) clearly distinguish peridotitic from eclogitic sulfides in Victor diamonds. Coexisting silicate inclusions confirm the lherzolitic affinity of peridotitic sulfide-bearing diamonds. The C isotope characteristics of Victor peridotitic diamonds mostly fall within the typical mantle range (–5.0 ± 2‰) and N isotopes, despite a large range, also have a mantle-like mode (–7.2‰). Eclogitic diamonds are more variable in their δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values and account for the most extreme values (δ¹³C down to –23‰; δ¹⁵N up to + 3.2‰) of the distribution. Core-rim trends of decreasing N content associated with variations in δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N are observed in a number of plates cut from peridotitic diamonds. These covariations can be modelled as diamond precipitation in a fluid-limited system, associated with Rayleigh fractionation, from both reducing (CH₄-bearing) and oxidizing (CO₂ or CO₃²⁻-bearing) fluids. Variations in δ¹³C, however, are typically close to analytical precision and the modelled fractionation trends suggest the unexpected operation of two distinct diamond-fluid N isotope fractionation factors (positive and negative). While our models are permissive of fractionation processes, they cannot provide proof for their operation and alternative interpretations, involving fluid evolution for reasons unrelated to diamond formation, cannot be excluded.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18547,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogy and Petrology","volume":"119 3","pages":"379 - 393"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity of crystallization conditions of coherent kimberlites recorded in diamond surface textures: an experimental study","authors":"Yana Fedortchouk,&nbsp;Ingrid L. Chinn,&nbsp;Tom Nowicki,&nbsp;Jon A. Carlson,&nbsp;Shahbaz Bin Khalid,&nbsp;Elliot J. M. Bird,&nbsp;Rosa Toutah,&nbsp;Guangyuan Yu,&nbsp;Thomas Pierce-Jones","doi":"10.1007/s00710-025-00912-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00710-025-00912-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Kimberlites transport diamonds from the roots of subcratonic lithosphere to the Earth’s surface. During the ascent, diamonds react with kimberlite magma and develop a wide range of dissolution features, the geometry of which reflects certain conditions in the host magma. Diamonds from various localities and types of volcanoclastic kimberlites (VK) show low-relief dissolution features, which, according to diamond dissolution experiments, are produced in the presence of C-O-H fluid. However, diamonds from coherent kimberlite (CK) units display distinct features, which not only vary between and within kimberlite units but also show a strong association with certain kimberlite localities. Here we test a hypothesis that these features are a product of diamond reaction with volatile-undersaturated kimberlite melt and examine how the melt composition and crystallization conditions (temperature and pressure) affect diamond dissolution. We conducted experiments in piston-cylinder apparatus at 0.5-2 GPa and 1050–1350 °C using synthetic analogues of evolved kimberlite melt and successfully produced the two diamond dissolution styles common for CK units: (i) fine facetted sharp hillocks and (ii) corrosion sculptures. We found that diamond resorption depends on temperature (T) and pressure (P) and not on the melt composition. Comparing diamonds from VK and CK units in Ekati Mine kimberlites in Canada revealed difference in diamond dissolution in VK and CK units. Our experimental results indicate that diamond resorption features typically reflect the conditions at ~ 15 km depth (0.5 GPa) before the final emplacement of kimberlite magma into a pipe or a dyke. Significant fluid exsolution below ~ 15 km is demonstrated by the presence of abundant C-O-H fluid in the part (pulse) of the magma column producing VK units and an absence of a fluid phase in the part (pulse) emplaced as CK. Our results indicate that dissolution of diamonds from various CK occur in a fluid-free kimberlite magma at 1050-1200^oC and 0.5-1 GPa. We apply our experimental results to diamonds from different CK units from Ekati Mine kimberlites and Orapa kimberlite cluster to gain insights to their conditions of formation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18547,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogy and Petrology","volume":"119 4","pages":"1141 - 1159"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145652252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tribute to Herwart “Herb” Helmstaedt","authors":"Daniel J. Schulze","doi":"10.1007/s00710-025-00919-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00710-025-00919-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18547,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogy and Petrology","volume":"119 4","pages":"743 - 744"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145652308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age and mantle source characteristics of kimberlite-derived zircons from Brazil revealed by U–Pb, Hf and O isotopes","authors":"Izaac Cabral-Neto,&nbsp;D. Graham Pearson,&nbsp;Excelso Ruberti,&nbsp;Yan Luo,&nbsp;Richard A. Stern,&nbsp;Rogério G. Azzone,&nbsp;Matthew F. Hardman,&nbsp;Vidyã V. Almeida,&nbsp;Francisco V. Silveira","doi":"10.1007/s00710-025-00917-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00710-025-00917-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We report new U–Pb, Hf and O isotope data for zircon megacrysts from three kimberlites and diamondiferous areas in Brazil: Juína and Paranatinga kimberlite fields (Amazonian craton) and the Alto Paranaíba Igneous Province (APIP, São Francisco craton). A total of 253 mantle-derived zircon grains from kimberlites, diamondiferous streams, and diamond mines were analysed. Our U–Pb age data indicates four main age peaks for zircon that suggest kimberlite magmatism: ca. 78 and 86 Ma in APIP, 92 Ma in Juína, and 122 Ma in Paranatinga. Zircon Hf isotope signatures vary systematically with location: Juína and Paranatinga εHf_i values are + 4.2 to + 9.3; APIP range from − 11.0 to 0.0. There is minimal variability in zircon oxygen isotopes, most falling within 2SD (standard deviation) of the range for typical mantle zircons (5.3 ± 0.6‰). Zircons from Juína and Paranatinga have lower δ¹⁸O values (+ 5.12 to + 5.07‰) than those from APIP (+ 5.38‰). The contrasting Hf and O isotope compositions between zircons from the Amazonian and São Francisco cratons indicate parental magma origins that have experienced variable interaction with lithosphere after separating from a convecting mantle source. The Hf isotopic data indicate that zircon megacrysts from the Juína and Paranatinga kimberlite fields have signatures consistent with mildly depleted global kimberlites, pointing to either a more depleted (higher time-integrated Lu/Hf) mantle source, or that the parental melt interacted with mantle lithosphere with highly positive εHf characteristics. In contrast, APIP zircons display “enriched” low εHf_i characteristics, perhaps suggesting a source more influenced by interaction with metasomatized mantle lithosphere.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18547,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogy and Petrology","volume":"119 3","pages":"607 - 625"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145164151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monazite, lanthanide-rich glasses, and other trace elements in copper smelter slags: constraints on critical metal behaviour in Si-Fe-rich melts","authors":"Hassan Gezzaz,&nbsp;Cristiana L. Ciobanu,&nbsp;Nigel J. Cook,&nbsp;Kathy Ehrig,&nbsp;Ashley Slattery,&nbsp;Benjamin Wade,&nbsp;Sarah Gilbert,&nbsp;Yuri T. Campo Rodriguez","doi":"10.1007/s00710-025-00897-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00710-025-00897-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Furnace slags are potential new sources of critical metals. We undertook a micron- to nanoscale study that addresses speciation, distribution and associations of phases in air-cooled flash furnace (FF, oxidised) and electric furnace (EF, reduced) slags from the Olympic Dam mining-smelting-refinery operation. Results enable understanding of the behaviour and partitioning of critical metals between melt and cooling crystalline phases in a controlled smelter environment that mimics Fe-Si-rich systems in Nature. Melts at ~ 1300 °C result in slags that differ in the relative proportions of component phases. Both FF and EF slags comprise major magnetite and two, compositionally distinct Si-Fe-rich glasses (glass-1 and -2); fayalite is a main component of EF slag. Glass-1 is rich in REE + Y (4.5–5.4 wt%, Ce₂O₃ + La₂O₃) and contains dendritic monazite-(Ce). Glass-2 (~ 70 wt% SiO₂) contains &lt; 1 wt% Ce₂O₃ + La₂O₃. The EF slag reaction sequence is: magnetite <span>(rightarrow)</span> fayalite + glass-1 <span>(rightarrow)</span> monazite <span>(rightarrow)</span> glass-2. Immiscibility of REE-rich liquid from Si-Fe-rich melt is inferred from amorphous ‘monazite-like’ droplets. Chondrite-normalised fractionation patterns are defined by downwards-sloping LREE segments in both glasses. Partition coefficients are calculated for magnetite and fayalite relative to glasses. D_REY for HREE exceeds those for LREE in all phases and fayalite has an order of magnetite higher D_HREE than co-existing EF magnetite. Applying lattice strain models to experimental values show excellent fits for D_HREE-model trends, even if lattice strain is not the sole factor controlling partitioning. Melt polymerisation, variable/unpredictable oxidation states, and constraints from specific crystallographic sites, also impact on observed trends. This study provides clues to element behaviour in metallurgical plants that can assist potential utilization of copper smelter slags to meet the demand for REE and other contained critical metals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18547,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogy and Petrology","volume":"119 2","pages":"197 - 221"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00710-025-00897-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145142316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved trace element discrimination of kimberlitic and carbonatitic zircon: implications for zircon origin in kimberlite and the search for superdeep diamonds","authors":"Matthew F. Hardman,&nbsp;D. Graham Pearson,&nbsp;S. Andy DuFrane,&nbsp;Izaac Cabral-Neto,&nbsp;Rogério G. Azzone,&nbsp;Qiao Shu,&nbsp;Jason Hinde,&nbsp;Alexei S. Rukhlov","doi":"10.1007/s00710-025-00916-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00710-025-00916-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Zircon is a powerful pathfinder mineral for identifying igneous source rocks, including kimberlite and carbonatite. However, discrimination of zircons from these two lithologies is challenging due to their surprisingly limited published trace element data. Zircon megacrysts from kimberlite can have a wide range of U–Pb ages, from Archean to Eocene in some locations, raising questions about their origin. Here, we determined the trace-element compositions of 170 new zircon megacrysts from kimberlites, four from carbonate-rich olivine lamproites, five from ultramafic lamprophyres, one from a lamprophyre, and two from a mica-amphibole-rutile-ilmenite-diopside (MARID) xenolith. We also determined the trace-element compositions of 220 new zircons from global carbonatites and related rocks. The kimberlitic zircons in the present study are all megacrysts with a relatively narrow range of trace-element compositions whereas the new carbonatite zircons are compositionally diverse and likely reflect formation under varied geological conditions from a variety of heterogeneous sources, as well as complex equilibrium mineral assemblages. We apply random forest (RF) and discriminant projection analysis (DPA) to distinguish zircons from kimberlite and carbonatite from those in many crustal lithologies. DPA-based graphical methods employ these elements to allow rapid evaluation of zircon provenance using elemental data with an intuitive and interpretable interface. We further apply our compiled database to attempt to search for a compositional fingerprint, using machine learning, that might be capable of distinguishing megacryst zircons from kimberlites containing superdeep diamonds from those that do not. We provide a Microsoft Excel workbook for the rapid classification of zircons using DPA, and an R-based software package for the classification of zircons using RF.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18547,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogy and Petrology","volume":"119 3","pages":"583 - 605"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrothermal quartz veins with Bi-bearing sulfidic mineralization and Bi-tellurides at the Gemerská Poloma talc deposit, Spišsko-gemerské rudohorie Mts., Slovakia","authors":"Julián Kondela,&nbsp;Sebastián Hreus,&nbsp;Slavomír Tóth,&nbsp;Roman Farkašovský","doi":"10.1007/s00710-025-00898-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00710-025-00898-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Epigenetic hydrothermal quartz veins with mineral associations of Bi-bearing sulfides and sulfosalts with Bi-tellurides penetrate the rock environment of the Gemerská Poloma talc-magnesite deposit in the Central Western Carpathians in Slovakia. The main exploited mineral is talc. The newly discovered occurence of quartz-sulfidic veins within the talc-magnesite deposit was studied in detail. The association of sulfosalts and sulfides is represented by the dominant minerals of the tetrahedrite group, bournonite, pyrite, cobaltite, and arsenopyrite together with less common to rare galena, minerals of the aikinite-bismutinite group (Naik 0.3 – 38.6—bismuthinite-pekoite-gladite), native bismuth, nuffieldite, cosalite and jonassonite. Later fluid contributions led to the formation of tellurides, which are represented by rare hedleyite and tetradymite associated with ikunolite. Mineral associations indicate that the deposit was invaded by multiple phases of mineralization. An open system between the granite and the talc carbonate body is indicated by the formation of zavaritskite, which occurred as a result of low-temperature F-rich fluids. Bismuth and fluorine are most probably from the underlying granite, but source of Au, Co, Ni and Te is not clear. Chemical and heat exchanges between the granite and the overlying carbonate body along the shear zone resulted in sulfide mineralization that was dominantly controlled by hydrothermal activity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18547,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogy and Petrology","volume":"119 2","pages":"175 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00710-025-00898-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145142388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}