Matthew F. Hardman, Thomas Stachel, D. Graham Pearson, Richard A. Stern, Mei Yan Lai
{"title":"Constraints on the distribution, composition, and lithology of eclogite and pyroxenite from the central Slave craton","authors":"Matthew F. Hardman, Thomas Stachel, D. Graham Pearson, Richard A. Stern, Mei Yan Lai","doi":"10.1007/s00710-024-00884-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00710-024-00884-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigate the petrogenesis of a newly collected suite of 225 barren and one diamond-bearing eclogite and pyroxenite microxenoliths from the A154, Panda, and DO-27 kimberlites from the Lac de Gras region, Northwest Territories, Canada. All samples contain low-Cr garnet (Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> < 1 wt%) and were analysed for major-element compositions of garnet and clinopyroxene. Trace-element compositions were determined for 140 mineral pairs, and δ<sup>18</sup>O values for garnets from 160 samples. Geothermometry indicates that eclogite and pyroxenite xenoliths from A154 are distributed throughout the subcratonic lithospheric mantle (SCLM), from ~ 80 km to as deep as ~ 200 km. Eclogites/pyroxenites from A154 that equilibrated shallower than ~ 170 km are derived from a variety of protoliths including basaltic- and cumulate-type oceanic crust. The majority of these rocks have δ<sup>18</sup>O values (average + 5.54 ± 0.89‰, 2σ) within or below the canonical mantle range. The deeper suite of eclogites (≥ 170 km) typically have Ca-rich oceanic cumulate-type protoliths, with garnet δ<sup>18</sup>O values (+ 4.95 ± 0.58‰) mostly below the mantle range. Eclogite/pyroxenite microxenoliths from Panda and DO-27 have protoliths that include basaltic- and cumulate-type oceanic crust. Oxygen isotope compositions for low-Cr garnets from DO-27 have a similar distribution to A154 whereas those from Panda are largely within or near the mantle range. Our expanded dataset shows that eclogites are key components in mantle root assembly, and reinforces previous findings of a lithological, mineralogical, and compositional boundary at approximately 170 km depth in the Slave craton lithosphere.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18547,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogy and Petrology","volume":"119 3","pages":"627 - 647"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The thermal stability of ·S2- and ·S3- radicals in afghanite","authors":"Yinghua Rao, Qingfeng Guo, Libing Liao","doi":"10.1007/s00710-024-00883-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00710-024-00883-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polysulfide ions play a crucial role in both the lithospheric and biospheric sulfur cycles. This study reveals the coexistence of various polysulfides (·S<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>, ·S<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> and S<sub>2</sub><sup>2−</sup>) alongside sulfates (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>) and sulfites (SO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>) in afghanite. Upon subjecting afghanite to heat treatment across a range of temperature, sulfur species within the mineral undergo interconversion, leading to alterations in colour, fluorescence, and other properties. In this paper, variations in the content of different sulfur species in afghanite before and after heat treatment were observed. The findings indicate a significant conversion of ·S<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>, ·S<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> and S<sub>2</sub><sup>2−</sup> to SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> at 300 ℃, with some ·S<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> and ·S<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> regenerating at higher temperature intervals due to the oxidation of S<sub>2</sub><sup>2−</sup>. This study also discusses the generation of chlorine vacancies in afghanite resulting from the inequivalent replacement of Cl<sup>−</sup> by S<sub>2</sub><sup>2−</sup>, with the vacancy concentration decreasing gradually as the temperature rises. This study offers a potential approach for using the ratio of oxidized and reduced sulfur species in afghanite to assist in determining the oxygen fugacity (<i>f</i><sub>O2</sub>) of the formation environment in the future. Furthermore, the ε-cage of afghanite has the ability to encapsulate a specific amount of ·S<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> and ·S<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, suggesting its potential use as a new mineral pigment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18547,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogy and Petrology","volume":"119 1","pages":"149 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Markéta Jirků, Václav Špillar, Alessandro Fabbrizio
{"title":"Lattice strain model for rare earth element partitioning between apatite and silicate melt: effect of apatite/melt composition and temperature with implications for lunar basalts","authors":"Markéta Jirků, Václav Špillar, Alessandro Fabbrizio","doi":"10.1007/s00710-024-00878-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00710-024-00878-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present new parameterized lattice strain models to predict the apatite/silicate melt partition coefficients of the rare earth elements (REE) in natural magmatic systems as a function of temperature and melt composition with high accuracy and precision. We collected published experimental REE partition coefficients for apatite coexisting with melt ranging from picrobasaltic to rhyolitic and phonolitic composition. Resulting dataset was analysed using the lattice strain model to assess the data quality. The three lattice strain parameters (<i>D</i><sub>0</sub>, <i>r</i><sub>0</sub>, and <i>E</i>) were subjected to a multivariate nonlinear least-squares analysis as a function of intensive variables, and we attempted to develop two independent models, on the basis of melt and apatite composition. In melt composition-based model, it was found that the <i>D</i><sub>0</sub> parameter increases with increasing melt polymerization, which can be expressed by the newly proposed simplified melt polymerization index P.I. = (<span>(:{X}_{{text{S}text{i}text{O}}_{2}})</span>+2<span>(:{X}_{{text{A}text{l}}_{2}{text{O}}_{3}})</span>+<span>(:{X}_{{text{T}text{i}text{O}}_{2}})</span>+2<span>(:{X}_{{text{P}}_{2}{text{O}}_{5}})</span>)/(<span>(:{X}_{text{M}text{g}text{O}})</span>+<span>(:{X}_{text{F}text{e}text{O}})</span>+<span>(:{X}_{text{C}text{a}text{O}})</span>+2<span>(:{X}_{text{a}text{l}text{k}})</span>), where individual <span>(:{X}_{i})</span> variables represent the molar fractions of the oxides in the melt. By disentangling the effect of each component of the P.I., it was found that the CaO content of the melt is the oxide that affects more the <i>D</i><sub>0</sub> parameter. Thus, the <i>D</i><sub>0</sub> parameter is expressed as a power law function of melt CaO content. Through extensive search of the parameter space, the <i>E</i> and <i>r</i><sub>0</sub> variables were found to correlate strongly with linear combination of melt CaO, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and of reciprocal temperature, 1/<i>T</i>. Based on the apatite composition, we could not find any dependence of the partitioning parameters on compositional variables that would outperform solely a reciprocal temperature-based fit. The new parameterization was applied to predict REE partition coefficients in lunar basalts and suggests that lunar apatite could only equilibrate with evolved melt at late stages of fractional crystallisation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18547,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogy and Petrology","volume":"119 1","pages":"1 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00710-024-00878-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lithostratigraphy of the chole section, Southeastern Ethiopian volcanic province","authors":"Andualem Getaw, Dereje Ayalew, Karen Fontijn","doi":"10.1007/s00710-024-00877-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00710-024-00877-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a detailed flow-by-flow petrographic modal description and major element data integrated into the stratigraphic framework for the central part of the southeastern Ethiopian plateau (the Chole Section). The stratigraphic data are placed in the context of the regional stratigraphic framework and correlated with existing geochronology of the province, allowing us to estimate the timing and duration of volcanic activity in the area. Based on petrographic variations and physical volcanological features, the Chole section is divided into: (1) lower basalt; (2) middle basalt; and (3) upper basalt. The phase assemblages and major element data show that the lower and upper basalts underwent possible fractionation involving olivine, plagioclase, and augite. In contrast, the middle basalt equilibrium phase and major element data exhibits low-degree fractionation involving olivine, clinopyroxene, and orthopyroxene at greater depths. The stratigraphic position and the petrographic data suggests, the lower and middle basalt successions likely correlate with the Oligocene to Early Miocene basaltic succession (28–15.5 Ma) of the southeastern Ethiopian volcanic province. The presence of several volcanic hiatuses and the decrease in flow thickness in the middle basalt suggest a waning of magmatic activity during this period. The upper basalt of the Chole section correlates with the upper Miocene basalt of the southeastern volcanic province (15.5–11 Ma). From this, we determine that volcanic activity in the southeastern Ethiopian volcanic province is well constrained within the broader tectono-magmatic framework of the East African volcanic province.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18547,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogy and Petrology","volume":"118 4","pages":"513 - 533"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142737001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shisheng Li, Mingliang Wang, Lin Li, Shengrong Li, Songbao Feng
{"title":"Ore-forming fluid characteristics of Jiaodong-type gold deposits in the North China Craton: constraints from the geochemistry of auriferous pyrite","authors":"Shisheng Li, Mingliang Wang, Lin Li, Shengrong Li, Songbao Feng","doi":"10.1007/s00710-024-00875-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00710-024-00875-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Early Cretaceous gold deposits in the North China Craton are known as Jiaodong-type gold deposits. Here, we summarize a quantity of reported (including this study) pyrite trace element, δ<sup>34</sup>S, and Pb isotope data from the Jiaodong, Xiaoqinling, and Central Taihangshan gold fields to comprehensively reveal the characteristics of the ore-forming fluids in Jiaodong-type gold deposits. The results show that the Au concentrations in the pyrites from the Jiaodong-type gold deposits are typically less than 8.12 ppm and do not correlate with As but have significant positive correlations with Bi and Te, implying that Bi and Te may govern Au enrichment in pyrite. The overall As concentrations in the pyrites are relatively low, and only the Jiaodong gold field is significantly higher, which may be caused by fluid flowing through As-rich metamorphic sedimentary rocks. In Jiaodong-type gold deposits, Au is dominantly found as visible gold, followed by invisible gold. Invisible gold generally occurs as a solid solution (Au<sup>+</sup>), and only the proportion of nanoparticles (Au<sup>0</sup>) in the Xiaoqinling gold field is slightly higher (20%). Sulfidation and fluid immiscibility or boiling were the key mechanisms leading to visible gold precipitation. The Co/Ni ratio, δ<sup>34</sup>S, and Pb isotopes indicate that the ore-forming fluids in the Jiaodong-type gold deposits exhibit remarkable magmatic features, and the ore-forming materials are primarily derived from a mixture of lower crust and mantle sections. Among them, the ore-forming materials from the lower crust of the Central Taihangshan gold field are slightly higher.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18547,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogy and Petrology","volume":"118 4","pages":"555 - 568"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142737023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael F. Salzmann, Volker Kahlenberg, Biljana Krüger, Hannes Krüger, Janina Grabowski
{"title":"Ca2.68Fe10.32Si1.00O20 - a strongly disordered SFCA-related phase in the system CaO-Fe2O3-SiO2","authors":"Michael F. Salzmann, Volker Kahlenberg, Biljana Krüger, Hannes Krüger, Janina Grabowski","doi":"10.1007/s00710-024-00874-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00710-024-00874-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As part of a systematic investigation into the ternary system CaO-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub>, we discovered a phase with a general chemical composition of A<sub>14</sub>O<sub>20</sub> (where A represents Ca, Fe, and Si) and previously unknown symmetry. Synthesis experiments were conducted at 1200 °C in air with an oxide ratio of CaO:Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:SiO<sub>2</sub> = 3:5:1 in the starting mixture. In addition to β-Ca<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub>, and hematite (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), powder X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the presence of compounds related to the aluminum-free counterpart of a silico-ferrite of calcium and aluminum (SFCA), one of the major bonding phases in iron ore sinter. Single crystals of this so-called SFC phase, large enough for diffraction experiments, were found in the sintered pellet fragments under a digital microscope. The compound with composition Ca<sub>2.68</sub>Fe<sub>10.32</sub>Si<sub>1.00</sub>O<sub>20</sub> crystallizes in space group <i>I</i>2/<i>c</i> and has the following basic crystallographic data: <i>a</i> = 10.4643(10) Å, <i>b</i> = 15.2740(11) Å, <i>c</i> = 5.3050(5) Å, β = 110.017(9)°, <i>V</i> = 796.69(13) Å<sup>3</sup> and Z = 2. The final composition, as determined by crystal structure refinement, differs slightly from the weight-specified starting mixture of Ca<sub>3</sub>Fe<sub>10</sub>SiO<sub>20</sub> and suggests the presence of both Fe(III) and small amounts of Fe(II) in the sample. The crystal structure is related to that of the triclinic polytype-1A of SFC, but exhibits a higher degree of disorder due to the partial occupation of additional octahedrally and tetrahedrally coordinated sites. This results in a smaller unit cell and an increased space-group symmetry. The described phase can be regarded as a basic or family structure, from which the two simplest polytypes (1A and hypothetical 2M) can be derived through ordering processes of cations among different possible vacancies. The chemical similarity to one of the phases of the SFCA-family suggests that such disordered compounds could also occur in industrial sinters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18547,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogy and Petrology","volume":"118 4","pages":"485 - 499"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00710-024-00874-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142736818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Guérinite Ca6(HAsO4)3(AsO4)2∙10.5H2O – a revision of the mineral formula","authors":"Irene Liebhart, Branko Rieck, Gerald Giester","doi":"10.1007/s00710-024-00873-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00710-024-00873-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A single crystal of guérinite from the Plaka Mine, Lavrion, Greece, was examined by X-ray diffraction. The mineral crystallizes in the monoclinic space group <i>P</i>2<sub>1</sub>/<i>n</i> with unit cell parameters <i>a</i> = 17.628 (2), <i>b</i> = 6.728 (1), <i>c</i> = 23.384 (3) Å, <i>β</i> = 90.68 (1)°, <i>V</i> = 2773.4 (6) Å<sup>3</sup>. The originally reported mineral formula Ca<sub>5</sub>(HAsO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(AsO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>∙9H<sub>2</sub>O, Z = 5 should be revised to Ca<sub>6</sub>(HAsO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(AsO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>∙10.5H<sub>2</sub>O, Z = 4. Accordingly, guérinite is no longer considered a polymorph to ferrarisite. The structure is characterized by complex layers consisting of corner- and edge sharing of CaO<sub>n</sub> (<i>n</i> = 7, 8) polyhedra and arsenate groups. The connection between these units is achieved exclusively via hydrogen bonding.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18547,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogy and Petrology","volume":"118 4","pages":"547 - 554"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00710-024-00873-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142737025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to: Karlleuite Ca2MnO4 – a first mineral with the Ruddlesden-Popper type structure from Bellerberg volcano, Germany","authors":"Rafał Juroszek, Biljana Krüger, Georgia Cametti, Bernd Ternes, Günter Blaβ","doi":"10.1007/s00710-024-00872-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00710-024-00872-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18547,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogy and Petrology","volume":"118 4","pages":"581 - 581"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00710-024-00872-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142737026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Letícia L. Mallmann, Augusto G. Nobre, Farid Chemale Jr, Renata G. Netto, Paulo Sérgio G. Paim, Rita Fabiane G. de Oliveira
{"title":"Unveiling CCS Potential of the Rio Bonito Formation, Paraná Basin, southern Brazil: The Dawsonite Discovery","authors":"Letícia L. Mallmann, Augusto G. Nobre, Farid Chemale Jr, Renata G. Netto, Paulo Sérgio G. Paim, Rita Fabiane G. de Oliveira","doi":"10.1007/s00710-024-00871-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00710-024-00871-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dawsonite, a hydrated carbonate, is a key mineral studied for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) initiatives. It forms in high pCO<sub>2</sub> environments, enabling gas storage in a solid state within geological reservoirs, thereby helping mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. The Rio Bonito Formation has gained attention as a potential CO<sub>2</sub> reservoir due to its favorable characteristics such as porosity, permeability, depth, thickness, organic matter content, and the presence of an effective sealing layer (Palermo Formation), particularly in the central region of the Paraná Basin. This study reveals the natural occurrence of dawsonite within the Rio Bonito Formation in the southern part of the Paraná Basin, in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Dawsonite was identified in quartz sandstones through petrographic analysis, indicating its formation during mesodiagenesis, where it crystallized within moldic pores. The presence of dawsonite was further confirmed through scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. This discovery marks the first documented occurrence of dawsonite within the Rio Bonito Formation. It suggests that under similar conditions, other sections of the Rio Bonito Formation may also include dawsonite, thereby expanding the potential for onshore CCS in the Paraná Basin.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18547,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogy and Petrology","volume":"118 4","pages":"501 - 512"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Karlleuite Ca2MnO4 – a first mineral with the Ruddlesden-Popper type structure from Bellerberg volcano, Germany","authors":"Rafał Juroszek, Biljana Krüger, Georgia Cametti, Bernd Ternes, Günter Blaβ","doi":"10.1007/s00710-024-00869-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00710-024-00869-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Karlleuite, ideally Ca<sub>2</sub>MnO<sub>4</sub>, is a newly approved accessory mineral found in the xenolith sample within the basaltic lava from the Caspar quarry, Bellerberg volcano, Eifel, Germany. It usually occurs as thin tabular/plate crystals, which range from 40 to 80 μm in diameter, and is associated with other members of the perovskite supergroup such as srebrodolskite, brownmillerite, sharyginite, perovskite, and lakargiite distributed within rock-forming minerals represented by reinhardbraunsite, fluorellestadite, fluorapatite, larnite, gehlenite, and several hydrated Ca aluminosilicates. Karlleuite crystals are brown with sub-metallic lustre, a light brown streak, and a good cleavage along (001). It is non-fluorescent, brittle and has an uneven fracture, a Mohs hardness of 3.5 and calculated density D<sub>x</sub> = 3.79 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. The empirical formula of the holotype karlleuite calculated based on O = 4 atoms per formula is (Ca<sub>1.97</sub>Ce<sup>3+</sup><sub>0.06</sub>)<sub>2.03</sub>(Mn<sup>4 +</sup> <sub>0.39</sub>Ti<sub>0.36</sub>Fe<sup>3+</sup><sub>0.19</sub>Al<sub>0.09</sub>)<sub>1.03</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, which shows that it is a multicomponent phase characterised by various substituents at the octahedral site. Karlleuite is tetragonal <i>I</i>4/<i>mmm</i> (no. 139), with <i>a</i> = 3.7683(2) Å, <i>c</i> = 11.9893(8) Å, <i>V</i> = 170.254(17) Å<sup>3</sup>, and Z = 2. The calculated strongest lines in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern are [d in Å (I) hkl]: 5.995 (43), 2.742 (100), 2.665 (91), 2.023 (25), 1.998 (28), 1.884 (61), 1.553 (38), 1.371 (24). The new mineral is the first natural phase which exhibits a first order of Ruddlesden-Popper type structure, which indicates a modular nature and consists of Ca(Mn, Ti, Fe, Al)O<sub>3</sub> perovskite layers, packed between CaO rock-salt layers arranged along the <i>c</i>-axis. Raman spectroscopy supports the interpretation of the chemical and structural data. Mineral association, structural data, as well as the study of the synthetic Ca-Mn-O system suggest that karlleuite could form under high-temperature conditions, above 1000˚C.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18547,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogy and Petrology","volume":"118 4","pages":"569 - 580"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00710-024-00869-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}