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Exploring Microstructure Patterns: Influence on Hydrophobic Properties of 3D-Printed Surfaces 探索微观结构模式：对三维打印表面疏水性的影响

Micro Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.3390/micro4030028

Mark Lohatepanont, Melody Chen, Luis Carlos Mendoza Nova, John-Thomas Murray, Wilson Merchan-Merchan

{"title":"Exploring Microstructure Patterns: Influence on Hydrophobic Properties of 3D-Printed Surfaces","authors":"Mark Lohatepanont, Melody Chen, Luis Carlos Mendoza Nova, John-Thomas Murray, Wilson Merchan-Merchan","doi":"10.3390/micro4030028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/micro4030028","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the influence of microstructure patterns on the hydrophobic properties of surfaces of 3D-printed objects generated using photopolymer resin. Various arrangements and designs of microstructures on the surface of 3D-printed objects were examined. Leveraging the superior resolution of stereolithography printers (SLA) over fused deposition modeling, intricate microfeature designs were well-implemented. The experiments involved a range of structures on the surface of the 3D-printed objects, including precisely defined arrays of microcylinders, microchannels, and other complex designs generated by parametric equations. The hydrophobicity of the 3D-printed objects was assessed through the water droplet test, revealing a spectrum of results ranging from hydrophobic to weakly hydrophobic, and to hydrophilic surfaces. Light microscopy was employed to characterize the surface morphological properties of the 3D-printed objects, which were then correlated with the measured contact angles. It was discovered that the 3D-printed objects with microstructures formed using parametric functions exhibited patterns with irregularities and fluctuations along all directions or axes, resulting in a higher degree of hydrophobicity compared to structured matrices with pillared arrays. However, some surfaces created with parametric functions resulted in an anisotropic system where the material properties varied along one direction, while the other direction exhibited a flat, planar surface. These anisotropic systems were found to be less hydrophobic according to the water droplet test.","PeriodicalId":18535,"journal":{"name":"Micro","volume":"137 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141811110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optical and Morphological Characterization of Nanoscale Oxides Grown in Low-Energy H+-Implanted c-Silicon 低能 H+ 植入式晶体硅中生长的纳米级氧化物的光学和形态特征

Micro Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.3390/micro4030027

Anna Szekeres, Sashka Alexandrova, M. Anastasescu, H. Stroescu, Mariuca Gartner, Péter Petrik

{"title":"Optical and Morphological Characterization of Nanoscale Oxides Grown in Low-Energy H+-Implanted c-Silicon","authors":"Anna Szekeres, Sashka Alexandrova, M. Anastasescu, H. Stroescu, Mariuca Gartner, Péter Petrik","doi":"10.3390/micro4030027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/micro4030027","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoscale oxides grown in c-silicon, implanted with low-energy (2 keV) H+ ions and fluences ranging from 1013 cm−2 to 1015 cm−2 by RF plasma immersion implantation (PII), have been investigated. The oxidation of the implanted Si layers proceeded in dry O2 at temperatures of 700 °C, 750 °C and 800 °C. The optical characterization of the formed Si/SiOx structures was conducted by electroreflectance (ER) and spectroscopic ellipsometric (SE) measurements. From the ER and SE spectra analysis, the characteristic energy bands of direct electron transitions in Si are elaborated. The stress in dependence on hydrogenation conditions is considered and related to the energy shifts of the Si interband transitions around 3.4 eV. Silicon oxides, grown on PII Si at a low H+ fluence, have a non-stoichiometric nature, as revealed by IR-SE spectra analysis, while with an increasing H+ fluence in the PII Si substrates and/or the subsequent oxidation temperature the stoichiometric Si-O4 units in the oxides become predominant. The development of surface morphology is studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging. Oxidation of the H+-implanted Si surface region flattens out the surface pits created on the Si surface by H+ implants. Based on the evaluation of the texture index and mean fractal dimension, the isotropic and self-similar character of the studied surfaces is emphasized.","PeriodicalId":18535,"journal":{"name":"Micro","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141825827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extending Polymer Opal Structural Color Properties into the Near-Infrared 将聚合物蛋白石的结构色彩特性扩展到近红外领域

Micro Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.3390/micro4020024

Giselle Rosetta, Matt D. Gunn, John J. Tomes, Mike Butters, Chris E. Finlayson

引用次数: 0

Implementation of Numerical Model for Prediction of Temperature Distribution for Metallic-Coated Firefighter Protective Clothing 实施用于预测金属涂层消防员防护服温度分布的数值模型

Micro Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.3390/micro4020023

Jawad Naeem, A. Mazari, Z. Kůs, A. Havelka, Mohamed Abdelkader

{"title":"Implementation of Numerical Model for Prediction of Temperature Distribution for Metallic-Coated Firefighter Protective Clothing","authors":"Jawad Naeem, A. Mazari, Z. Kůs, A. Havelka, Mohamed Abdelkader","doi":"10.3390/micro4020023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/micro4020023","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to predict the distribution of temperature at various positions on silver-coated firefighter protective clothing when subjected to external radiant heat flux. This will be helpful in the determination of thermal protective performance. Firefighter clothing consists of three layers, i.e., the outer shell, moisture barrier and thermal liner. The outer shell is the exposed surface, which was coated with silver particles through a physical vapor deposition process called magnetron sputtering. Afterwards, these uncoated and silver-coated samples were exposed to radiant heat transmission equipment at 10 kW/m2 as per the ISO 6942 standard. Silver-coated samples displayed better thermal protective performance as the rate of temperature rise in silver-coated samples slowed. Later, a numerical approach was employed, contemplating the impact of metallic coating on the exterior shell. The finite difference method was utilized for solving partial differential equations and the implicit method was employed to discretize the partial differential equations. The numerical model displayed a good prediction of the distribution of temperature at different nodes with respect to time. The comparison of time vs. temperature graphs at different nodes for uncoated and silver-coated samples acquired from numerical solutions showed similar patterns, as witnessed in the experimental results.","PeriodicalId":18535,"journal":{"name":"Micro","volume":"135 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141115143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Microfluidic Paper-Based Lateral Flow Device for Quantitative ELISA 用于定量酶联免疫吸附试验的微流体纸基侧流装置

Micro Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.3390/micro4020022

Ashutosh Kumar, Cameron Hahn, Stephen Herchen, Alex Soucy, Ethan Carpio, Sophia Harper, Nassim Rahmani, Constantine Anagnostopoulos, Mohammad Faghri

{"title":"A Microfluidic Paper-Based Lateral Flow Device for Quantitative ELISA","authors":"Ashutosh Kumar, Cameron Hahn, Stephen Herchen, Alex Soucy, Ethan Carpio, Sophia Harper, Nassim Rahmani, Constantine Anagnostopoulos, Mohammad Faghri","doi":"10.3390/micro4020022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/micro4020022","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents an innovative lateral flow microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) designed for conducting quantitative paper-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (p-ELISA), seamlessly executing conventional ELISA steps in a paper-based format. The p-ELISA device utilizes a passive fluidic circuit with functional elements such as a multi-bi-material cantilever (B-MaC) assembly, delay channels, and a buffer zone, all enclosed within housing for autonomous, sequential loading of critical reagents onto the detection zone. This novel approach not only demonstrates a rapid assay completion time of under 30 min, but also boasts reduced reagent requirements, minimal equipment needs, and broad applicability across clinical diagnostics and environmental surveillance. Through detailed descriptions of the design, materials, and fabrication methods for the multi-directional flow assay (MDFA), this manuscript highlights the device’s potential for complex biochemical analyses in a user-friendly and versatile format. Analytical performance evaluation, including a limit of detection (LOD) of 8.4 pM for Rabbit IgG, benchmarks the device’s efficacy compared to existing p-ELISA methodologies. This pioneering work lays the groundwork for future advancements in autonomous diagnostics, aiming to enhance global health outcomes through accessible and reliable testing solutions.","PeriodicalId":18535,"journal":{"name":"Micro","volume":"49 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140969487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Coupled Mode Design of Low-Loss Electromechanical Phase Shifters 低损耗机电移相器的耦合模式设计

Micro Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.3390/micro4020021

Nathnael S. Abebe, Sunil Pai, Rebecca L. Hwang, P. Broaddus, Yu Miao, Olav Solgaard

{"title":"Coupled Mode Design of Low-Loss Electromechanical Phase Shifters","authors":"Nathnael S. Abebe, Sunil Pai, Rebecca L. Hwang, P. Broaddus, Yu Miao, Olav Solgaard","doi":"10.3390/micro4020021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/micro4020021","url":null,"abstract":"Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) have the potential to provide low-power phase shifting in silicon photonics, but techniques for designing low-loss devices are necessary for adoption of the technology. Based on coupled mode theory (CMT), we derive analytical expressions relating the loss and, in particular, the phase-dependent loss, to the geometry of the MEMS phase shifters. The analytical model explains the loss mechanisms of MEMS phase shifters and enables simple optimization procedures. Based on that insight, we propose phase shifter geometries that minimize coupling power out of the waveguide. Minimization of the loss is based on mode orthogonality of a waveguide and phase shifter modes. We numerically model such geometries for a silicon nitride MEMS phase shifter over a silicon nitride waveguide, predicting less than −1.08 dB loss over a 2π range and −0.026 dB loss when optimized for a π range. We demonstrate this design framework with a custom silicon nitride process and achieve −0.48 dB insertion loss and less than 0.05 dB transmission variation over a π phase shift. Our work demonstrates the strength of the coupled mode approach for the design and optimization of MEMS phase shifters.","PeriodicalId":18535,"journal":{"name":"Micro","volume":"346 2‐3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141006935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Silver Nanoparticles’ Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances Emerged in Polymeric Environments: Theory and Experiment 银纳米粒子在聚合物环境中产生的局部表面等离子体共振：理论与实验

Micro Pub Date : 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.3390/micro4020020

M. Tsarmpopoulou, Dimitrios Ntemogiannis, A. Stamatelatos, Dimitrios Geralis, V. Karoutsos, M. Sigalas, Panagiotis Poulopoulos, S. Grammatikopoulos

{"title":"Silver Nanoparticles’ Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances Emerged in Polymeric Environments: Theory and Experiment","authors":"M. Tsarmpopoulou, Dimitrios Ntemogiannis, A. Stamatelatos, Dimitrios Geralis, V. Karoutsos, M. Sigalas, Panagiotis Poulopoulos, S. Grammatikopoulos","doi":"10.3390/micro4020020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/micro4020020","url":null,"abstract":"Considering that the plasmonic properties of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) are strongly influenced by their dielectric environment, comprehension and manipulation of this interplay are crucial for the design and optimization of functional plasmonic systems. In this study, the plasmonic behavior of silver nanoparticles encapsulated in diverse copolymer dielectric environments was investigated, focusing on the analysis of the emerging localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) through both experimental and theoretical approaches. Specifically, two series of nanostructured silver ultrathin films were deposited via magnetron sputtering on heated Corning Glass substrates at 330 °C and 420 °C, respectively, resulting in the formation of self-assembled NPs of various sizes and distributions. Subsequently, three different polymeric layers were spin-coated on top of the silver NPs. Optical and structural characterization were carried out by means of UV–Vis spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy, respectively. Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis (RCWA) was employed to study the LSPRs theoretically. The polymeric environment consistently induced a red shift as well as various alterations in the LSPR amplitude, suggesting the potential tunability of the system.","PeriodicalId":18535,"journal":{"name":"Micro","volume":"14 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141020480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Micro-Spectrometer-Based Interferometric Spectroscopy and Environmental Sensing with Zinc Oxide Thin Film 利用氧化锌薄膜实现基于微光谱仪的干涉光谱学和环境传感

Micro Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.3390/micro4020019

Ciao-Ming Tsai, Yu-Chen Hsu, Chang-Ting Yang, Wei-Yi Kong, Chitsung Hong, Cheng-Hao Ko

{"title":"Micro-Spectrometer-Based Interferometric Spectroscopy and Environmental Sensing with Zinc Oxide Thin Film","authors":"Ciao-Ming Tsai, Yu-Chen Hsu, Chang-Ting Yang, Wei-Yi Kong, Chitsung Hong, Cheng-Hao Ko","doi":"10.3390/micro4020019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/micro4020019","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces a novel approach for analyzing thin film interference spectra by employing a micro-spectrometer equipped with a spectral chip. Focusing on zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films prepared via the sol–gel method, this research aims to explore the films’ physical properties through spectral analysis. After obtaining the interference spectrum of the ZnO thin films, the peak positions within the spectrum were cataloged. Mathematical simulation was used to adjust the refractive index and thickness of the films to match the simulated interference peak positions with the observed peak positions. The thickness of the prepared ZnO film was estimated to be 4.9 μm and its refractive index at 80 °C was estimated to be 1.96. In addition, the measurement system was used to detect environmental changes, including temperature changes and gas exposure. It was observed that the optical characteristics of ZnO films exhibit marked variations with temperature shifts, enabling the establishment of a temperature calibration curve based on spectral feature displacement. In addition, experiments using a variety of gases showed that NO2 and gaseous isopropanol significantly affect the interference spectrum of ZnO, with the peak of the interference spectrum shifted by 2.3 nm and 5.2 nm, respectively, after injection of the two gases. This indicates that interferometric spectroscopy can serve as an effective tool for ZnO monitoring, capable of selectively detecting specific gases.","PeriodicalId":18535,"journal":{"name":"Micro","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141025667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Porous Inorganic Nanomaterials: Their Evolution towards Hierarchical Porous Nanostructures 多孔无机纳米材料：向分层多孔纳米结构的演变

Micro Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.3390/micro4020016

Anitta Jose, Tom Mathew, Nora Fernández-Navas, C. J. Querebillo

{"title":"Porous Inorganic Nanomaterials: Their Evolution towards Hierarchical Porous Nanostructures","authors":"Anitta Jose, Tom Mathew, Nora Fernández-Navas, C. J. Querebillo","doi":"10.3390/micro4020016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/micro4020016","url":null,"abstract":"The advancement of both porous materials and nanomaterials has brought about porous nanomaterials. These new materials present advantages both due to their porosity and nano-size: small size apt for micro/nano device integration or in vivo transport, large surface area for guest/target molecule adsorption and interaction, porous channels providing accessibility to active/surface sites, and exposed reactive surface/active sites induced by uncoordinated bonds. These properties prove useful for the development of different porous composition types (metal oxides, silica, zeolites, amorphous oxides, nanoarrays, precious metals, non-precious metals, MOFs, carbon nanostructures, MXenes, and others) through different synthetic procedures—templating, colloidal synthesis, hydrothermal approach, sol-gel route, self-assembly, dealloying, galvanostatic replacement, and so—for different applications, such as catalysis (water-splitting, etc.), biosensing, energy storage (batteries, supercapacitors), actuators, SERS, and bio applications. Here, these are presented according to different material types showing the evolution of the structure design and development towards the formation of hierarchical porous structures, emphasizing that the formation of porous nanostructures came about out of the desire and need to form hierarchical porous nanostructures. Common trends observed across these different composition types include similar (aforementioned) applications and the use of porous nanomaterials as templates/precursors to create novel ones. Towards the end, a discussion on the link between technological advancements and the development of porous nanomaterials paves the way to present future perspectives on these nanomaterials and their hierarchical porous architectures. Together with a summary, these are given in the conclusion.","PeriodicalId":18535,"journal":{"name":"Micro","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140690151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Magnetic Micro and Nano Sensors for Continuous Health Monitoring 用于持续健康监测的磁性微型和纳米传感器

Micro Pub Date : 2024-04-06 DOI: 10.3390/micro4020015

T. Błachowicz, Ilda Kola, Andrea Ehrmann, Karoline Guenther, Guido Ehrmann

引用次数: 0