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The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy最新文献

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Deliberation and Long-Term Decisions 深思熟虑和长期决策
The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy Pub Date : 2018-09-06 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.7
Michael K. MacKenzie
{"title":"Deliberation and Long-Term Decisions","authors":"Michael K. MacKenzie","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.7","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter argues that deliberation can help support the effective representation of future generations in several ways. First, deliberation can help motivate long-term thinking. If our preferences are shaped by cognitive biases against the future, the demands of deliberation can encourage us to think more carefully about the future. Deliberation also creates pragmatic incentives for political actors to invoke the potential interests of future generations. Second, deliberative democracy (on the large scale) makes it possible for societies to talk to themselves about what they are doing and where they want to go. Third, practices of public reason-giving can help coordinate the actions of non-overlapping generations by providing long-term initiatives with a discursive basis of justification. This can help protect against the time-inconsistency problem and thereby provide incentives for contemporary actors to invest in long-term projects.","PeriodicalId":185217,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123206096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Deliberative Law 审议法律
The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy Pub Date : 2018-09-06 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198747369.013.48
D. Ponet, E. Leib
{"title":"Deliberative Law","authors":"D. Ponet, E. Leib","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198747369.013.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198747369.013.48","url":null,"abstract":"The “systemic turn” in deliberative democractic theory builds off the critical insight that one instance or site of deliberation does not legitimate an entire political system. But accepting too easily that non-deliberative parts can contribute to a deliberative sum can risk deliberative democracy’s aspirations for reform. This chapter examines three evolving areas of deliberative lawmaking—administrative lawmaking, districting commissions, and deliberative plebiscites—that underscore the ongoing relevance and promise of “second wave” deliberative democratic institutional design. The “notice and comment” structure of administrative rule-making, for instance, can invite the admission of multiple voices into the lawmaking process, especially when combined with the court’s role in incentivizing such practice. The trend toward nonpartisan or bipartisan commissions establishing legislative district lines can also generate powerful deliberative democratic dividends. Similarly, practices in plebisicitary democracy—whether through instances such as citizen policy juries or other directly democratic mechanisms—can contribute toward the deliberative democratization of law and society.","PeriodicalId":185217,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124760958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Deliberative Democracy in Latin America 拉丁美洲的协商民主
The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy Pub Date : 2018-09-06 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198747369.013.20
Thamy Pogrebinschi
{"title":"Deliberative Democracy in Latin America","authors":"Thamy Pogrebinschi","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198747369.013.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198747369.013.20","url":null,"abstract":"Latin America is a recurring reference among scholars of deliberative democracy, mostly due to the participatory budgeting, which was created in Brazil, and quickly spread around the world. The participatory budgeting was deemed successful due to its positive social and political outcomes, but also because it has shown that deliberation can be an inclusive and effective means of democratic decision-making. Yet, the participatory budget is one among hundreds of deliberative practices evolved in Latin America. While a large volume of research has focused on factors leading to participatory budgeting’s success, few have asked what are the contextual and institutional factors that explain why such inclusive and effective deliberative practice was born and bred in Latin America. This chapter tackles this question, and answers it by casting light on a variety of deliberative practices that compose Latin America’s vast experimentation with democracy.","PeriodicalId":185217,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127319308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Deliberation and Catastrophic Risks 深思熟虑与灾难性风险
The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy Pub Date : 2018-09-06 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.18
Ryan Gunderson, Thomas Dietz
{"title":"Deliberation and Catastrophic Risks","authors":"Ryan Gunderson, Thomas Dietz","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.18","url":null,"abstract":"Humans have always faced catastrophic risks, such as those posed by asteroid strikes or very large volcanic eruptions. In the twenty-first century, some of these risks, in particular climate change, are caused by humans. We also have an evolving set of global governance mechanisms that might be deployed to address these risks. Deliberative approaches to addressing catastrophic risks engage questions about who should participate and how global deliberative processes might operate. The risks themselves offer special challenges to deliberation: complexity and deep uncertainty, diversity in impacts, and a global scope yet with localized impacts. We argue (1) there is a foundation for moving forward towards deliberative governance of catastrophic risks and, (2) a global approach will only evolve through experimentation, will change depending on context and circumstance, and must be polycentric.","PeriodicalId":185217,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125288466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Deliberation in Protests and Social Movements 抗议和社会运动中的深思熟虑
The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy Pub Date : 2018-09-06 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.29
D. Porta, Nicole Doerr
{"title":"Deliberation in Protests and Social Movements","authors":"D. Porta, Nicole Doerr","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.29","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter addresses the relations between social movements and deliberative democracy, pointing at opportunities but also at tensions in theorization and practices of democracy. While social movements are important for deliberative democracy, and vice versa, activists and deliberative democrats alike have addressed a number of tensions between deliberative democracy and protest. The global diffusion of deliberative norms, practices, and experiences of democracy in social movements is discussed in the light of the growing literature on deliberative democracy. In particular, faced with challenges to the legitimacy and efficacy of representative democracy, social movements’ democratic innovations, such as the Forum and the Camp, represent important experiments in cooperation in settings of deep diversity and inequality. In addition, the reflections on social movements’ conceptions and practices help in specifying some conceptualization of deliberative politics.","PeriodicalId":185217,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129521579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Deliberation and Framing 审议与框架
The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy Pub Date : 2018-09-06 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.37
Thomas J. Leeper, Rune Slothuus
{"title":"Deliberation and Framing","authors":"Thomas J. Leeper, Rune Slothuus","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.37","url":null,"abstract":"Most theories of democracy expect an actively engaged citizenry. We examine the extent to which deliberative forms of democracy provide uniquely valuable opportunities for preference formation and engagement relative to an elite-driven politics we see as prevalent in contemporary democratic societies. Highlighting the claimed advantages of deliberation for democratic health, we then discuss whether and under what conditions citizens are able to form political preferences of similar quality to those formed in a deliberative encounter. Focusing on the concept of framing, and leveraging the evidence for the psychological processes of “elaboration,” we argue that much of the advantages of deliberation can be achieved through citizens’ reasoning over the alternative frames and arguments provided by a competitive party system. A mass democracy centered on elite provision of information and arguments, which citizens may use for largely intrapersonal deliberation, is a viable and, perhaps, the only feasible form of democratic government.","PeriodicalId":185217,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy","volume":"2017 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130252448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Deliberation and Experimental Design 思考与实验设计
The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy Pub Date : 2018-09-06 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198747369.013.13
K. Esterling
{"title":"Deliberation and Experimental Design","authors":"K. Esterling","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198747369.013.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198747369.013.13","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes the methodological considerations necessary for making a causal inference regarding the effect of institutions and group contexts on deliberation. This chapter focuses on the elements of the research design of a study and the assumptions that are necessary to state a causal inference given a particular design; these considerations are applicable to randomized experimental designs, both in the lab and in the field, as well as to quasi-experimental or natural experimental designs using observational data. The chapter shows how to assess the internal validity of a study for identifying a causal effect for a given study and briefly discusses external and epistemic validity considerations that are of particular urgency for empirical deliberation.","PeriodicalId":185217,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134102226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Deliberation in Sociology 社会学中的思考
The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy Pub Date : 2018-09-06 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.38
Erik Schneiderhan, Shamus Khan
{"title":"Deliberation in Sociology","authors":"Erik Schneiderhan, Shamus Khan","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.38","url":null,"abstract":"Sociology has long been interested in the study of deliberation; it is a “big idea” that might guide the organization of modern social life. While in some strands of sociology it still is, this chapter argues that sociological work on deliberation has by and large moved away from big ideas toward a narrow project that is somewhat disconnected from the world outside the ivory tower. The chapter presents the best sociology has to offer scholars of deliberation, with a focus on ideas and practice. Specifically, the chapter advocates an approach to deliberation that engages with the relational turn of sociology, focusing less on decision-making outcomes and more on social relations and dynamics.","PeriodicalId":185217,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122368125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Arguing and Deliberation in International Relations 国际关系中的争论与思考
The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy Pub Date : 2018-09-06 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.15
T. Risse
{"title":"Arguing and Deliberation in International Relations","authors":"T. Risse","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.15","url":null,"abstract":"It was not until the late 1980s when social constructivism gradually entered the stage that International Relations (IR) scholars started paying attention to communicative action. Today, this picture has changed dramatically and there is no IR textbook which does not cover “discourse” or “discourse theory.” This chapter concentrates on deliberation, arguing, and communicative action in a Habermasian sense. I start with a controversy in the German IR journal Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen, which concentrated on the extent to which Habermas’s theory of communicative action could be made fruitful for the study of international relations, namely diplomacy and negotiations. I then discuss the state of the art with regard to the empirical evaluation of Habermasian assumptions. Scholarship not only demonstrated that arguing matters in global affairs, but discerned the (institutional) scope conditions under which deliberation affects negotiation outcomes. The chapter concludes with some thoughts on the normative implications for global governance.","PeriodicalId":185217,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130093868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Deliberative Policy Analysis 审慎政策分析
The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy Pub Date : 2018-09-06 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.39
F. Fischer, P. Boossabong
{"title":"Deliberative Policy Analysis","authors":"F. Fischer, P. Boossabong","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198747369.013.39","url":null,"abstract":"Deliberative policy analysis has its origins in the argumentative turn in policy analysis. It emerged as an alternative to the use of standard empirical-analytic methods of the social sciences to solve public policy problems. Not only has the conventional neopositivist approach failed to produce the promised results, it has generally operated with a technocratic, and largely an anti-democratic, bias. Basic to deliberative policy analysis is a method for bringing together a wider spectrum of citizens, politician and experts in the pursuit of policy decisions that are both effective and democratically legitimate. This chapter begins with an outline of the theoretical perspectives underlying deliberative policy analysis. Then, the process and practice is illustrated by the case study, which shows how the approach has moved from a theory to a practical method for policy decision-making.","PeriodicalId":185217,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122678703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
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