Mikrobiyoloji bulteni最新文献

{"title":"[Investigation of the In Vitro Activity of Ceftazidime-Avibactam- Aztreonam and Meropenem-Colistin Combinations and Cefiderocol Alone In New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase Positive and OXA-48, KPC, VIM/IMP Co-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates].","authors":"Gülşah Kaygisiz, Emel Sesli Çetin, Mümtaz Cem Şirin, Buket Cicioğlu Aridoğan","doi":"10.5578/mb.202602141","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.202602141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, the increasing isolation rates of New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM) positive Klebsiella pneumoniae and the lack of a standard algorithm for the treatment of infections caused by these isolates necessitate the search for effective treatment options. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the combination of ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA), frequently used in the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infections in recent years with aztreonam (AZT), which is expected to become available in our country soon and the combination of meropenem (MEM) with colistin (COL), which is frequently preferred in our hospital against NDM-positive K.pneumoniae isolates using in vitro synergy tests and to determine the susceptibility of these isolates to cefiderocol (FDC), which is recommended as an alternative treatment option in CRE infections. A total of 63 K.pneumoniae isolates, isolated from clinical samples in the Bacteriology Laboratory of the Department of Medical Microbiology at Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine and identified as NDM positive by real-time polymerase chain reaction, were included in the study. The susceptibility of the isolates to CZA, AZT, MEM and COL was tested by broth microdilution method and FDC susceptibility was tested by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing criteria. The efficacy of CZA-AZT and MEM-COL combinations against NDM positive K.pneumoniae isolates was tested using the checkerboard method. Time-kill assays were performed to investigate the bactericidal activity of CZA-AZT and MEM-COL combinations at different concentrations and time points in five isolates harboring different carbapenemase genes (two NDM+OXA-48, one NDM, one NDM+OXA-48+KPC, and one NDM+OXA-48/VIM/IMP). All isolates included in our study were found as resistant to CZA, AZT and MEM, while 77.8% were resistant to FDC and 54% were resistant to COL. According to the checkerboard test results, the CZA-AZT combination showed synergistic interaction against all isolates, while the MEM-COL combination exhibited synergistic interaction against 57.1% of the isolates, additive interaction against 25.4% and undefined interaction against 17.5%. In time-kill assays, synergistic activity was observed at various time points in all isolates with the CZA-AZT combination and in four isolates with the MEM-COL combination, while bactericidal activity was detected at certain time points. Although an undefined interaction was determined in the checkerboard test against one isolate (NDM+OXA-48 positive) with the MEM-COL combination, synergistic activity and bactericidal effect were observed at the 12th and 24th hours with the 1xMIC MEM + 1xMIC COL combination in the time-kill assay against the same isolate. In conclusion, the combination of CZA-AZT seems to be a promising treatment option in infections caused by NDM positive K.pneumoniae isolates. In cas","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"60 2","pages":"113-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Pediatric Alveolar Echinococcosis with Pulmonary and Hepatic Involvement and Literature Review: A Rare Case].","authors":"Aslı Arslan, Gülhadiye Avcu, Özge Arslan, Emine Çiğdem Özer, Şule Gökçe, Coşkun Ekemen, Zümrüt Şahbudak Bal, Derya Dirim, Metin Korkmaz","doi":"10.5578/mb.202602119","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.202602119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) caused by Echinococcus multilocularis, is a rare but potentially fatal zoonotic infection. AE most commonly presents with multiple cysts in the liver, may spread to other organs through infiltration or metastasis and can mimic malignancy with fatal consequences if not diagnosed early. Its occurrence in childhood is extremely rare and simultaneous hepatic and pulmonary involvement has been reported only in a few cases. This report aimed to discuss a pediatric AE case with concurrent hepatic and pulmonary involvement, initially misdiagnosed as malignancy, in the light of current literature. The presenting complaints, physical examination findings, diagnostic methods, treatment and follow-up results of a pediatric AE case with hepatic and pulmonary involvement were documented and pediatric AE cases available in the literature were reviewed. A 10-year-old boy presented with a fivemonth history of intermittent fever and weight loss. At admission, multiple cystic lesions were detected in the liver parenchyma, along with widespread cystic foci in both lungs. Laboratory tests revealed marked eosinophilia (44.5%), and E.multilocularis serology (IgG, IHA) together with Western blot (Em70, Em90 positivity) confirmed the diagnosis. According to the \"parasitic mass in the liver, neighboring organs involvement and metastasis\" classification; the case was staged as P4N0M1. Since surgical resection was not feasible, continuous albendazole therapy (15 mg/kg/day) was initiated. After one year of follow-up, significant radiological regression was observed, without new lesion development or treatment-related toxicity. Pediatric AE with multi-organ involvement may mimic malignancy and cause diagnostic delays. Early diagnosis and appropriate antiparasitic therapy can achieve favorable outcomes even when surgery is not feasible. However, the prolonged duration of therapy and the lack of a well-defined treatment endpoint pose significant challenges in terms of monitoring and potential toxicity. More clinical data are needed to establish optimal treatment duration and follow-up protocols in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"60 2","pages":"245-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analytical Performance of the ELITe BeGenius System for HIV-1 RNA and HCV RNA Quantification: Ensuring Diagnostic Reliability].","authors":"Sibel Aydoğan, Saliha Kazci, Ferhat Gürkan Aslan, Bedia Dinç","doi":"10.5578/mb.202602130","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.202602130","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Quantitative detection of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA plays a crucial role in the diagnosis, monitoring of the therapy and evaluation of the treatment response. The ELITe BeGenius® platform (ELITechGroup, Turin, Italy) is a fully automated sample-toresult molecular system integrating extraction, amplification and detection within a single workflow. The HIV-1 ELITe MGB® and HCV ELITe MGB® assays are real-time polymerase chain reaction tests designed for plasma viral-load quantification. This study aimed to verify their analytical performance under routine clinical laboratory conditions. Verification included assessments of accuracy, intra- and inter-assay precision, linearity and method correlation. A total of 70 plasma samples for HIV-1 RNA and 52 for HCV RNA were analyzed using previously tested and stored patient specimens, reference materials, and external quality controls. Results were compared with established reference assays used in accredited laboratories. Statistical analyses included positive, negative, and overall percent agreement (PPA, NPA, OPA), coefficients of variation (CV%), correlation and regression analyses and Bland-Altman bias estimation. For HIV-1 RNA, 19 of 20 positive and all 20 negative plasma samples were correctly identified by the ELITe MGB® assay, yielding a PPA of 95.0%, NPA of 100.0% and OPA of 97.5% (κ= 0.95). Intra-assay precision showed strong repeatability, with CVs of &lt;1-3.9% for low-positive, 0.4-6.4% for medium-positive and &lt;2% for high-positive specimens. Inter-assay reproducibility was consistent with CVs of 12.8% at low, 2.4% at medium, and 1.4% at high viral loads. Correlation analysis showed excellent concordance with the reference assay (p= 0.975, p&lt; 0.001; R²= 0.95) and a mean bias of -0.40 log10 copies/mL in Bland-Altman analysis. Linearity was strong (R²= 0.97), confirming accurate quantification across the dynamic range with minor underestimation at higher dilutions. For HCV RNA, all 14 positive and 14 negative samples were correctly classified (PPA, NPA, and OPA= 100%; κ= 1.00). Intra-assay precision was excellent, with CVs around 2% for both low- and medium-positive samples, confirming consistent repeatability within a single run. Inter-assay reproducibility was equally robust, with CVs of 0.4-3.3% for low positives, 1.0-2.5% for medium and &lt;1.1% for high-titer specimens. Correlation with the comparator method was strong (r= 0.956, p&lt; 0.001; R²= 0.91) with a mean bias of -0.38 log10 IU/mL. Linearity analysis confirmed high proportionality between expected and measured concentrations (R²= 0.96). Deviations were negligible at low titers and slightly elevated at high loads but remained within acceptable limits. The HIV-1 and HCV ELITe MGB® assays on the BeGenius® platform demonstrated high accuracy, reproducibility and linearity, showing excellent correlation with reference methods. These results confirm that the ELITe BeGenius® system provides r","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"60 2","pages":"162-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Rasamsonia argillacea in Patient with Immunodeficiency: First Suspected Case in Türkiye].","authors":"Büşra Çalişir, Burak Erdi, Fazıl Çağrı Hunutlu, Esra Kazak, Fahir Özkalemkaş, Emin Halis Akalin, Beyza Ener","doi":"10.5578/mb.202602102","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.202602102","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Rasamsonia species are thermophilic fungi that primarily cause infection in immunocompromised patients. R.argillacea species complex is frequently misidentified as a pathogen due to its morphological similarity to the genera Penicillium and Paecilomyces and its incidence remains undetermined. This situation further complicates the process of timely diagnosis and treatment. Rasamsonia species can be identified using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis, which is considered the primary fungal barcode. Accurate species identification is imperative for the administration of appropriate antifungal treatment. In this report, a case of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) with R.argillacea growth was presented. A 69-year-old female patient diagnosed with AML who was undergoing chemotherapy was admitted to the hospital due to febrile neutropenia. Despite the administration of appropriate antibiotic therapy, the patient's fever did not respond and her respiratory distress worsened. A subsequent chest computerized tomography scan revealed the presence of bilateral nodular lesions and halo findings in some nodules. The empirical liposomal amphotericin B was initiated at a dosage of 3 mg/kg/day. Following a 17-day course of empirical amphotericin B therapy, the patient exhibited an escalation in respiratory distress and an increase in her blood galactomannan (GM) level (Platelia™ Aspergillus Ag; Bio-Rad, France). Consequently, intravenous (IV) voriconazole was administered at a loading dose of 2x6 mg/kg followed by a maintenance dose of 2x4 mg/kg. Notwithstanding the administration of voriconazole therapy, the patient's blood GM levels persisted at elevated levels on three separate occasions. Consequently, a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) sample was obtained for further analysis. However, no growth was detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) culture. The BAL GM level was found to be elevated (optic indices: 4.38). The patient developed increasing respiratory distress and confusion and was intubated. A deep tracheal aspirate (DTA) sample was collected. The patient died shortly thereafter. Velvety, beige-colored colonies were observed in the culture media to which the DTA sample inoculated. Microscopic examination of the culture using a lactophenol cotton blue stain revealed cylindrical conidia, rough-walled conidiophores and long, pointed phialides. The isolate was identified as R.argillacea using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Bruker, Bremen, Germany). This isolate could not be identified based on colony morphology and microscopic appearance; however, it was identified as R. argillacea using the ribosomal DNA ITS region. Its antifungal susceptibility was then assessed using the microdilution method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M38-A2 guidelines. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for the antifungal drugs were as follows: fluconazole &gt;64 μg/mL, itraconazo","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"60 2","pages":"237-244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Onychomycosis Caused by Phoma glomerata: The First Reported Case from Türkiye].","authors":"Elif Seren Tanriverdi, Yusuf Yakupoğullari, Fatih Emin Işik, Eda Yakut, Adem Köse, Barış Otlu","doi":"10.5578/mb.20260187","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.20260187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Onychomycosis is a nail infection most commonly caused by dermatophytes. However in recent years, non-dermatophyte molds have also been increasingly reported as causative agents of onychomycosis. Phoma glomerata is a saprophytic fungus commonly found in nature, which rarely causes infections in humans and to date, only one case has been reported in another country as a causative agent of onychomycosis. In this case report, a case of onychomycosis caused by P.glomerata was presented. A 67-year-old female patient admitted to the dermatology outpatient clinic of our hospital with a oneyear history of discoloration, thickening and fragility of the left big toenail. In the potassium hydroxide microscopic examination of the specimen taken from the nail bed, septate and branched hyphae were observed. Dark brown pigmented, slow-growing mold colonies were observed within 10 days of culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Microscopic examination revealed the presence of pycnidial structures. The fungus isolated from the patient was identified as P.glomerata using the VITEK MS Mould Kit with the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) (VITEK MS, bioMérieux, France) system and DNA sequencing analysis was performed to confirm the diagnosis. Following genomic DNA extraction, the 28S rRNA gene region was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the NL1 and NL4 primers. After agarose gel electrophoresis of the PCR products, the amplicons were sequenced using the SQK-NBD114.96 kit on the MinION (Oxford Nanopore, United Kingdom) platform. The obtained data were analyzed using the BLAST algorithm in the National Center for Biotechnology Information GenBank database. The sequence was submitted to the NCBI GenBank under the accession number PV975047. The patient was treated with oral terbinafine (250 mg/day) and topical antifungal therapy. Clinical improvement was observed after two months of follow-up. In this study, we present a case of onychomycosis caused by P.glomerata in an elderly diabetic patient living in a rural area. According to our literature review, this is the first case reported from Türkiye and the second worldwide. Current scientific data suggest that Phoma species can cause infections in the skin, subcutaneous tissues or other organs, especially in immunocompromised or debilitated individuals, or following penetrating trauma. Classical phenotypic methods pose significant challenges in identifying this agent and MALDI-TOF MS or molecular methods may be useful for accurate identification.</p>","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"60 1","pages":"105-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146086403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Evaluation of the In Vitro Activity of Cefiderocol Against Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Isolates].","authors":"Selahattin Ünlü, Yeliz Çetinkol, Melahat Gürbüz, Merve Çetin, Gülcan Gencer","doi":"10.5578/mb.202601103","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.202601103","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are pathogens that cause difficult-to-treat infections and are identified as a priority threat by global health authorities. Increasing resistance rates limit the efficacy of existing antibiotics and increase the risk of mortality. Cefiderocol, an innovative siderophore cephalosporin, shows broad-spectrum in vitro activity against both serine and metallo-β-lactamases and remains largely stable against classical resistance mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro activity of cefiderocol, the concordance of susceptibility tests performed using three methods [broth microdilution (BMD) based commercial ComASP® panel , gradient strip and disk diffusion] and its association with major carbapenemase genes and the ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) susceptibility. The study included 100 carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales isolates from a single center during 2023- 2024. Species identification was performed using the VITEK 2 system. Cefiderocol susceptibility was tested using the reference method (BMD) based commercial ComASP® panel, the gradient strip test and disk diffusion. Five major carbapenemase genes (blaOXA-48, blaKPC, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaIMP) were screened by real-time polymerase chain reaction for the molecular diagnosis. Quantitative and categorical agreement between susceptibility tests were assessed using Passing-Bablok and Deming regression analyses. Cohen's kappa, McNemar's test and error types (major and very major) were analyzed. Comparative analyses with CZA susceptibility and genetic findings were also performed. According to BMD, 99% of the isolates were susceptible to cefiderocol and 1% were resistant; the results of the gradient strip test were categorically identical to those of BMD. In the disk diffusion test, 92% of isolates were classified as susceptible and 8% as resistant. Compared with BMD, disk diffusion showed a major error rate of 7%, a very major error rate of 0%, 93% categorical agreement, poor concordance by the kappa test and statistically significant categorical discordance by McNemar's test (p= 0.016). A moderate correlation was found between the gradient strip test and BMD, and gradient MICs were systematically lower than those obtained by BMD. For CZA, 47% of isolates were susceptible and 53% were resistant; of the 53 CZA-resistant isolates, 98% were still susceptible to cefiderocol (McNemar's test, p&lt; 0.001). In the molecular analysis, OXA-48 was positive in 64% of isolates, KPC in 25%, NDM in 48%, VIM in 7%, and IMP in 18%. No association was observed between cefiderocol resistance and the presence of specific genes. However, in multivariate models, the presence of OXA-48 was significantly associated with CZA resistance (p= 0.001). Cefiderocol demonstrated very high in vitro activity against CRE isolates and retained its activity against the majority of CZA-resistant strains. However, due to the risk of major errors-especially near breakpoint zones-disk diff","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"60 1","pages":"14-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146086312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Molecular Detection of Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup C in an Adolescent with Atypical Presentation: A Silent Threat].","authors":"Murat Yaman, Nurgül Topbaşoğlu, Damla Ataç, Arzu Ilki","doi":"10.5578/mb.20260164","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.20260164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neisseria meningitidis is an important pathogen that can cause invasive meningococcal diseases, especially with serogroups A, B, C, W and Y, which can be seen endemic or sporadic. Early diagnosis and treatment of invasive meningococcal disease is life-saving. Delay in diagnosis of meningitis infection, especially in the adolescent age group, which initially presents with atypical symptoms, can further increase the risk of morbidity and mortality. In this case report the clinical evaluation and diagnostic process of a 15-year-old female patient who admitted to the emergency department with abdominal pain, fever, cough and hallucinations and was initially considered to have an abdominal pathology was presented. Based on systematic clinical evaluations in the pediatric emergency department, a preliminary diagnosis of meningitis was established and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was obtained via lumbar puncture for diagnostic confirmation. The purulent-appearing CSF sample was analyzed using the Bio-Speedy® Meningitis/Encephalitis quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) MX-17 Panel (Bioeksen, Türkiye) multiplex PCR kit, which identified N.meningitidis as the causative pathogen. We used an real-time (RT)- PCR-based method to identify the serogroup of N.meningitidis and identified as serogroup C. Based on these findings, empirical treatment with ceftriaxone [2 g intravenous (IV)] was initiated and vancomycin (15 mg/kg IV) was subsequently added following the observation of abundant leukocytes in direct examination of cerebrospinal fluid.Chemoprophylaxis was administered to close contacts. The appearance of ecchymotic rashes and laboratory parameters were closely monitored throughout the clinical course. Prompt molecular diagnosis, coupled with efficacious antimicrobial therapy and intensive supportive care enabled the patient's discharge without neurological sequelae. In this case report, we emphasized the potential for meningitis infections to present with atypical clinical courses, the critical importance of rapid molecular diagnostic methods and the necessity of vaccination as a fundamental contribution to the protection of public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"60 1","pages":"72-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146086414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Orf Infection Localized in the Earlobe: The First Case Report in the Literature].","authors":"Emrah Gündüz, Elif Seren Tanriverdi, Saadet Alan","doi":"10.5578/mb.20260197","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.20260197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Orf is a zoonotic infection caused by the parapoxvirus belonging to the Poxviridae family. It is usually transmitted to humans from sheep and goats. Human-to-human transmission is quite rare. Shepherds, veterinarians, slaughterhouse workers and people living in rural areas who are in close contact with farm animals constitute the main risk group. It most commonly presents as pustular dermatitis on the hands, usually painless but sometimes associated with tenderness and pain in the early clinical stages. Auricular localization is quite rare, with a few cases involving the ear reported in the literature but earlobe involvement has not been previously reported. In this case report, a 14-year-old female patient who admitted with an erythematous, thick-walled pustular lesion on the right earlobe was presented. In the patient's history, there was close contact with sheep and especially newborn lambs. On physical examination, the lesion was observed to extend to the earring hole and had a fistulized appearance. Total surgical excision was performed under local anesthesia. Histopathological examination revealed proliferative inflammatory features as well as vacuolization and inclusion bodies consistent with viral infection. In molecular analysis, paraffin block-prepared samples were examined and the ORF-RPA gene region encoding the major component (RPO132) of the viral polymerase of the orf virus was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and a definite diagnosis was made. After surgical excision, no additional treatment was applied to the patient and she was followed up for six months with no recurrence or residual disease. Orf is generally a self-limiting infection; however, in atypical localizations it may show a rapidly growing course that mimics malignancy. In the differential diagnosis, especially cutaneous anthrax which is endemic in our country and monkeypox infections which have been reported in recent years, are of importance. In conclusion, it should be kept in mind that orf lesions may occur even in unexpected sites such as the periauricular region, particularly in patients living in rural areas with a history of animal contact. Early diagnosis of orf infection will prevent unnecessary aggressive surgical interventions and will also contribute to the proper follow-up of patients and the prevention of complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"60 1","pages":"86-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146086429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Changes in Hepatitis C Virus Genotype Distribution: The Impact of Migration and Epidemiological Trends].","authors":"Esra Yenihal, Selahattin Atmaca, Nida Özcan, Mahmut Mete","doi":"10.5578/mb.202601132","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.202601132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a virus that can cause hepatitis, hepatic steatosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The distribution of HCV genotypes and subtypes varies according to geographical regions. The choice and duration of treatment for hepatitis C infection are influenced by genotype. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of HCV genotypes in chronic hepatitis C patients who admitted to a university hospital in Diyarbakır and to evaluate the impact of migration on this distribution. This crosssectional retrospective study included patients who tested positive for HCV RNA between January 2011 and December 2020. One sample per patient was included in the study. Genotype determination was performed by sequencing the HCV genome obtained after amplification in serum samples containing HCV RNA. Of the 815 samples included in the study, genotype 1 was detected in 768 (94.2%), genotype 2 in five (0.6%), genotype 3 in 27 (3.3%), genotype 4 in 14 (1.7%) and genotype 5 in one (0.12%). It was determined that the sample in which genotype 5 was detected, belonged to a Syrian patient. It was determined that the prevalence of genotype 1 decreased over the years, while the prevalence of genotype 4 increased. An increase in genotype 3 was observed in the last two years of the study (2019- 2020). The majority of patients with genotype 3 were male (88.8% male, 11.2% female). The study suggests that the increase in genotype 4 rates over the years and the identification of genotype 5 indicate that migration from Syria has altered the genotype distribution. Furthermore, the increasing prevalence of genotype 3, known to be more common in intravenous drug users, highlights the involvement of various factors influencing genotype distribution. While cure rates have increased with the use of directly effective antiviral drugs, the presence of rare mutations means that regular monitoring of genotype determination and molecular epidemiological data can contribute to the development of treatment modalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"60 1","pages":"41-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146086292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Investigation of Antibiotic Resistance Profiles, Molecular Epidemiology and Biofilm Formation in Corynebacterium striatum Isolated from Clinical Samples].","authors":"Hatice Er, İlknur Kaleli","doi":"10.5578/mb.20260163","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.20260163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance profiles, molecular epidemiology, and biofilm formation of Corynebacterium striatum isolated from clinical samples in our hospital. A total of 132 C.striatum isolates were included in the study. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method in accordance with the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) guidelines. Resistance genes were determined using polymerase chain reaction. Biofilm formation was investigated using the microtiter plate method. Clonal relationships in isolates were examined using the Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) method. All isolates were found to be susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid. Resistance rates among the isolates were quite high, with resistance to ciprofloxacin, penicillin, clindamycin, rifampin, tetracycline, gentamicin and erythromycin observed in 100.0%, 98.5%, 97.0%, 99.2%, 100.0%, 90.2%, and 74.2% of the isolates, respectively. bla/ampC, ermX, aac(3)-XI, aphA1, gyrA, and tetA genes were detected as 99.2%, 96.2%, 93.2%, 91.7%, 100.0% and 43.8%, respectively. In isolates positive for the aphA1 and aac(3)-XI genes, the gentamicin resistance rate and in isolates positive for the ermX gene, the clindamycin and erythromycin resistance rates were found as significantly higher (p< 0.05). Biofim formation was detected in 28% of the isolates. The similarity ratio of the isolates was determined to be 85%. The four main clusters, A, B, C, and D showed 32 different PFGE patterns. The clustering rate was determined to be 96.0%. In conclusion, the high rates of phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance among C.striatum strains in our hospital are quite remarkable.</p>","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"60 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146086348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}