Mikrobiyoloji bulteni最新文献

{"title":"[Genomic Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 by Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis].","authors":"Tansu Gülbahar Aydoğan, Memnune Selda Erensoy, İlkin Çankayali, Yusuf Ali Altunci, Şaziye Rüçhan Sertöz","doi":"10.5578/mb.202603127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5578/mb.202603127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic has been shaped by successive waves of variants due to the high mutational capacity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Monitoring the genomic diversity and mutational profiles of these variants and their clinical impact is essential to inform public health measures as well as vaccine and treatment strategies. This study aimed to analyze clinical samples detected as SARS-CoV-2 positive by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) during two different periods of the pandemic in Türkiye using next-generation sequencing to compare their genomic profiles, determine their phylogenetic positions and assess the relationship between mutations and clinical findings. A total of 39 rRT-PCR-positive respiratory samples (9 in September 2021 and 30 in March-April 2022) with cycle threshold <20 from our laboratory were included in the study.An amplicon-based Oxford Nanopore method was used for next-generation sequencing. The 22 high-quality sequences obtained were evaluated phylogenetically using MEGA software together with the sequences obtained from the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data and the reference genome in order to enrich the phylogenetic tree. Lineage and clade assignments were performed using Nextstrain and PANGO. According to the Nextstrain classification, nine of the sequences belonged to the 21J (Delta) clade and 30 to the 21L (Omicron) clade. In the PANGO analysis, sequences from the 2021 period mostly matched B.1.617.2 and its AY sublineages (AY.122, AY.46, AY.46.2, etc.), while sequences from the 2022 period mostly matched BA.2 and its sublineages (BA.2.9, BA.2.5). In the phylogenetic analysis, sequences from the two periods diverged significantly. The evolutionary distance between the reference genome and the Omicron variant was found to be greater than that to the Delta variant. In addition, the distance of Omicron to Delta exceeded its distance to the reference genome. In the phylogenetic tree including Alpha sequences from the previous predominant variant period, the Alpha variant clustered with Omicron. These results suggest that Omicron does not appear to have evolved from Delta. The mutational analysis revealed that the Omicron variant harbored a higher number of amino acid changes across multiple regions of the genome, particularly in the Spike protein; a substantial portion of these alterations included deletions in the NTD (L24/P25/P26), as well as point mutations such as S375F, E484A, Q493R, and N501Y in the receptor binding domain and H655Y and N679K in the fusion region, which are associated with host cell entry and immune evasion. In the Delta variant, substitutions P681R and L452R near the S1/S2 cleavage site of Spike and deletions Δ156/157 in the N-terminal domain predominated. Both variants retained common adaptive mutations that confer an infectious advantage, such as S:D614G, S:T478K, and ORF1b:P314L. Clinical eva","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"60 3","pages":"301-317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148712842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Molecular Typing of Pneumocystis jirovecii Isolates from Various Patient Groups].","authors":"Okan Kadir Nohut, Mert Ahmet Kuşkucu, Murat Hökelek, Gökhan Aygün, İbrahim Özkoç","doi":"10.5578/mb.202602139","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.202602139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP) caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii is one of the most common and serious opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients. People at risk for developing Pneumocystis pneumonia include human immunodeficiency virus positive individuals, cancer patients, people receiving immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients and people with compromised immune systems. Despite effective treatment and prophylaxis, mortality is reported to be between 15-40%, even in people with immunodeficiency other than acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Although the number of immunosuppressed patients is increasing, diagnostic and epidemiological studies for this agent are still insufficient. This study aimed to investigate the prevalance and epidemiological characteristics of P.jirovecii isolated from various patient groups. Among the 469 bronchoalveolar lavage fluids or sputum samples sent to the medical microbiology laboratory from various units, 114 samples were selected for indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) testing and molecular studies based on an examination of the patients' files to determine underlying diseases, use of immunosuppressive drugs, corticosteroid treatments received and the presence of patchy or nodular ground-glass opacity on computed tomography scans and the presence of a cyst-like structure on May-Grunwald Giemsa staining. The presence of P.jirovecii was investigated by IFA and polymerase chain reaction methods and genotyping was performed by sequencing of mtLSU rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The obtained ITS gene region DNA sequences were aligned and TCS network analysis was performed in the aligned region. As a result, positivity was found in eight samples out of 469 samples by using mtLSU rRNA genotyping, Genotype 1 (n= 3; 37.5%) was found to be the most common genotype in our samples. Genotype 2 (n= 2, 25%), genotype 4 (n= 2, 25%) and genotype 3 were the most frequently detected other genotypes, respectively. When the relationships between the sequences were examined, it was observed that our samples were generally related to the samples originating from Iran. In the present study, the genotyping analysis of the ITS region, constructed using the consensus sequence employed in the study by Lee et al., revealed that the most common genotype was Eh (n=3; 42.85%), followed by Bg (n= 2; 28.57%), Bi (n= 1; 14.28%) and Eg (n=1; 14.28%). Our study is the first genotyping study conducted in our country using the ITS gene region. Different epidemiological findings were found in P.jirovecii genotype frequencies in studies conducted in different geographies. This suggests that genetic variations in P.jirovecii have a geographical component and this may affect the distribution of P.jirovecii strains among humans. According to TCS network analysis, our samples are generally associated with samples originating from Iran. None of our samples are found alongside samples originating from India. ","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"60 2","pages":"188-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Exophiala on the Stored Apples: Evaluation with One Health Perspective].","authors":"Nurcihan Biltekin, Gözde Gülcan Ünal, Canan Onaç, Oğuzhan Bingöl, Deniz Alkaya, Aylin Döğen, Ayşe Sultan Karakoyun, Nevzat Ünal, Macit Ilkit, Çağrı Ergin","doi":"10.5578/mb.202602157","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.202602157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The one health perspective is an integrative and holistic approach that recognizes the interconnection and interdependence of human, animal and plant health and aims to improve each sustainably. This perspective has gained particular importance following the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic and has been acknowledged as a component of public health. Fungal infections also pose significant risks to ecosystems, ranging from crops to animals and humans. These risks partly arise from human and animal mobility and have increased alongside climate change. Therefore, food safety has become an integral part of developing societies. Apples are the most widely consumed fruit worldwide. They are known to have multiple health benefits and have been reported to reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, heart disease and stroke. Previous studies have shown that important human pathogens, including multidrug-resistant Candidozyma auris and Candida parapsilosis were isolated from apple peels. Moreover, although rarely, dematiaceous fungi such as Exophiala dermatitidis and Exophiala phaeomuriformis, which can also be pathogenic for humans and animals, have been identified in apples. The aims of the study were to investigate, the presence of extremotolerant Exophiala species in apples that undergo post-harvest storage processes and are sold in local markets across different regions of Türkiye, as well as the polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels in the apples from which these isolates were obtained. Additionally, given their resistance to these molecules, the value of culturing Exophiala species on apples as a biological indicator of PAH pollution and to discuss the findings within the framework of the One Health perspective and to draw attention to this issue were aimed in the study. In the present study, the presence of dematiaceous fungi was investigated in 549 apples collected from local markets in 24 different provinces of Türkiye. Sampling was performed from apple skins using sterile swabs and inoculation was carried out on Sabouraud dextrose agar, Staib agar and Czapek media. Isolates compatible with dematiaceous fungi were subsequently identified by sequencing the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region. Antifungal susceptibility testing against five different triazoles was performed using the CLSI microdilution method. Furthermore, benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[a] pyrene, and chrysene were measured as indicators to determine the amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the skins of apples from which dematiaceous fungi were recovered. In this study, E.phaeomuriformis was identified in four apples (0.7%). These isolates were detected in the provinces of Ankara, Antalya (Finike district), Kayseri, and Kars (Sarıkamış district). Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed for three isolates, and low MIC values were found for all triazole antifungals except fluconazole.. The levels of the four compoun","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"60 2","pages":"200-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Comparative Evaluation of a New-Generation HBsAg Assay versus a Conventional Method in Occult HBV Infection and Low-level HBsAg Positivity].","authors":"Ferhat Osman Daşdemir, Harika Öykü Dinç, Serhat Sirekbasan, Nur Hamzeli, Sema Alaçam, Nuran Karabulut, Süreyya Türk, Nida Dereli, Rüveyda Akçin, Koçer Dilan Karahan, Nesrin Gareayaghi, Özlem Altuntaş Aydin, İlhan Birinci, Bekir Kocazeybek","doi":"10.5578/mb.202602144","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.202602144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the conventional hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) assay and the next-generation HBsAg NEXT (HBsAgNx) assay in samples with low-level HBsAg positivity and in cases of occult hepatitis B infection (OBI). A total of 497 individuals were included in the study, comprising 300 individuals with low-level HBsAg positivity, 100 OBI cases (64 seropositive and 36 seronegative) and 97 healthy controls. Serum samples were analyzed using the Abbott ARCHITECT HBsAg Qualitative II assay (Abbott Diagnostics, Wiesbaden, Germany) and the Abbott Alinity i HBsAg NEXT assay (Abbott Diagnostics, Wiesbaden, Germany). The presence of HBV DNA was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (Rt-PCR) using the COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan HBV test v2.0 (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany). HBV DNA (Rt-PCR) was accepted as the gold standard reference for diagnostic performance evaluation. To minimize potential bias arising from sample selection, individuals with lowlevel HBsAg positivity and OBI cases were analyzed separately. In the low-level HBsAg-positive group, semi-quantitative S/CO values of the assays were compared, whereas in the OBI group, only the detection rates of HBV DNA-positive cases were evaluated. A total of 17 OBI cases (17%) were identified that were tested negative by the conventional assay but positive by the HBsAgNx assay. Differences between the assays were evaluated using the McNemar test and p< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Median values obtained with the HBsAgNx assay were significantly higher than those obtained with the conventional assay (p< 0.001). The HBsAgNx assay provides clinically significant contributions particularly in the OBI group, by detecting cases that cannot be identified by conventional assays. These findings indicate that the integration of high-sensitivity HBsAg assays into current HBV diagnostic algorithms would increase case detection and contribute to both transfusion safety and the clinical management of OBI.</p>","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"60 2","pages":"177-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Evaluation of Serum LL-37 Levels in Patients with Brucellosis and Their Relationship with Clinical Course].","authors":"Kübra Gögebakan, Zülal Özkurt, Nurinnisa Öztürk","doi":"10.5578/mb.20260248","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.20260248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to determine the serum levels of the LL-37 molecule, associated with the pathophysiology of Brucellosis, in patients diagnosed with Brucellosis and to investigate the relationship between these levels and the clinical course of the disease. The study included 45 acute, 30 subacute, 26 chronic and 19 relapsed patients diagnosed according to clinical, bacteriological and serologic results as Brucellosis, as well as 60 healthy volunteers. Serum LL-37 levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method and the results were compared with the clinical data of the patients. Serum LL-37 levels were significantly higher in Brucellosis patients compared to the control group, with variations observed among clinical subgroups. A weak positive correlation was found between serum LL-37 levels and alanine transaminase, C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate values in patients with Brucellosis. Serum LL-37 levels were higher in patients with Brucella spp. growth in blood cultures compared to those without growth. Additionally, patients with complicated Brucellosis involving osteoarticular involvement had significantly higher serum LL-37 levels than those without such complications. Serum LL-37 levels with a cut-off value of 18.26 ng/mL demonstrated a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 88% in distinguishing Brucellosis cases from healthy individuals, with a positive predictive value of 82% and a negative predictive value of 91% (area under curve= 0.956, p< 0.001, 95% confidence interval= 0.93-0.98, negative likelihood ratio= 0.09, positive likelihood ratio= 7.66). No previous studies on serum LL-37 levels in Brucellosis were found in the literature. LL-37 appears to have potential as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of Brucellosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"60 2","pages":"137-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease Developing after Brucellosis and Leptospirosis Coinfection Presenting with Gastrointestinal System Bleeding: A Case Report].","authors":"Ayten Yanik, Rukiye Inan Sarikaya","doi":"10.5578/mb.202602150","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.202602150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brucellosis and leptospirosis are zoonotic infections with overlapping clinical features, especially in endemic regions. Coinfection of these pathogens is rare and may trigger secondary inflammatory disorders through excessive immune activation. In this report, a rare case of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease following brucellosis and leptospirosis coinfection with gastrointestinal bleeding was presented. A 31-year-old male presented with fever, malaise, diarrhea and black, foul-smelling stools for three days. Physical examination revealed conjunctival hyperemia, hepatosplenomegaly and diffuse abdominal tenderness. Laboratory findings showed elevated AST, ALT and creatine kinase levels, thrombocytopenia, and prolonged international normalized ratio. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy demonstrated antral erosions with an active bleeding site. Serologic tests revealed positive Brucella agglutination and Leptospira microscopic agglutination tests with titers of 1/320 and 1/400, respectively. The patient was treated with doxycycline and rifampicin. Three weeks later, he developed painful cervical lymphadenopathy. Excisional biopsy showed necrotizing lymphadenitis consistent with Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease. The patient improved with symptomatic therapy and showed no recurrence at three-month follow-up. Although brucellosis and leptospirosis coinfection is rare, it may induce immune dysregulation leading to secondary inflammatory lymphadenitis. This case highlights the potential link between zoonotic coinfections and Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease and underlines the importance of considering this diagnosis in patients presenting with fever and lymphadenopathy following infectious episodes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"60 2","pages":"220-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Cutaneous Cryptococcus neoformans Infection Mimicking Necrotizing Fasciitis in a Myelofibrosis Patient Receiving Ruxolitinib: A Case Report].","authors":"Tuba Kuruoğlu, Tuba Sena Karaçeşme, Sümeyye Ekmekçi Kurt, Elifsu Beniç, Emel Duyar, Murat Erdoğan, Esra Yartaşı, Asuman Birinci, Deniz Bayçelebi","doi":"10.5578/mb.202602149","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.202602149","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated opportunistic yeast widely distributed in the environment and classified as critical-priority fungal pathogen by the World Health Organisation due to its high mortality and limited access to timely diagnosis and effective treatment. Infection is typically acquired via inhalation, with the primary pulmonary focus often remaining asymptomatic. Particularly in individuals with impaired cell-mediated immunity, it may disseminate hematogenously to central nervous system (CNS), skin and other organs. Cutaneous cryptococcosis is a rare clinical manifestation and in most cases, represents secondary involvement of disseminated disease. Its clinical presentation is highly variable and may mimic cellulitis, abscesses, ulcers or necrotizing soft-tissue infections, posing significant diagnostic challenges. Ruxolitinib is a Janus-kinase inhibitor used to treat myelofibrosis and polycythemia vera. By suppressing interferon-γ and interleukin-12-mediated immune responses, it impairs macrophage activation, reduces T-helper-1 cell responses, suppresses natural-killer cell function, and regulates hematopoietic activity. However, these immunomodulatory effects predispose patients to invasive opportunistic infections, particularly fungal infections. In the literature, cryptococcal infections associated with ruxolitinib have been reported in a limited number of case reports, most commonly involving the pulmonary and/or central nervous system. Cutaneous involvement is exceedingly rare, and to date, no cases from Türkiye have been reported. In this case report, a 67-year-old woman with myelofibrosis who had been receiving ruxolitinib therapy for three-years and developed cutaneous cryptococcosis infection mimicking necrotizing fasciitis, accompanied by asymptomatic pulmonary involvement was presented. Despite broad-spectrum antibacterials, a small papule on the medial thigh rapidly progressed over 25 days, with severe disproportionate pain raising suspicion of necrotizing fasciitis. On admission, physical examination revealed an 8×8 cm ulcerative tissue defect on the left thigh, with surrounding erythema, ecchymosis, desquamation and hemopurulent discharge. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated findings suggestive of necrotising soft-tissue infection, prompting urgent surgical intervention. Intraoperatively, diffuse inflammation and patchy necrotic areas were observed and surgical debridement followed by vacuum-assisted wound closure was performed. Microbiological cultures of deep-tissue specimens yielded C.neoformans and the pathogen was confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionisation-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Antifungal susceptibility testing showed minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.5 µg/mL for amphotericin B and 4 µg/mL for fluconazole. Histopathological examination demonstrated yeast cells within a background of suppurative inflammation and focal necrosis. Although the patient ha","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"60 2","pages":"227-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Composition of Submucosal Microbiota and Non-Surgical Management of Peri-Implant Diseases].","authors":"Hanife Merva Parlak, Yakut Akyön","doi":"10.5578/mb.20260299","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.20260299","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dental implants are the most acceptable treatment option for the replacement of missing teeth. Despite the high success rate, the presence of implant complications is increasing. Peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis are biologic implant complications induced by a dysbiotic shift in the microbiota. The main goal of the treatment of peri-implant diseases is to remove the bacterial biofilm on the implant surface and restore the ecological balance between the host and oral microbiota. For this purpose, both non-surgical and surgical treatments are applied. Non-surgical approaches based on mechanical debridement focus on biofilm control such as disruption/removal of submucosal biofilm and oral hygiene instructions. Mechanical debridement, non-ionizing radiation sources, antiseptics or antibiotics are included in the non-surgical treatment. Mechanical debridement is applied by the help of the curettes (titanium-coated, carbon fiber, Teflon and plastic), ultrasonic tips, various types of brushes and air-flow devices and allows the removal of soft and hard deposits from the implant surface. However, it remains unclear which treatment is the most effective and predictable for the management of peri-implant diseases. This review article aimed to overview, the non-surgical treatment options of peri-implant diseases and their microbial effectiveness. For this purpose, studies evaluating changes in the peri-implant microbiota before and after treatment using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing were searched in databases (PubMed and Google Scholar).The literature search covered studies published between 2012 and May 2024 and 1202 of the 1209 articles searched were excluded. Seven studies that met the inclusion criteria were examined; these studies included a total of 107 patients with peri-implant mucositis and 182 patients with peri-implantitis for periods ranging from one to 60 months. Six studies evaluated the effectiveness of mechanical debridement alone or combined with other therapies while one study assessed the hyaluronic acid efficacy. Based on the literature review, it can be inferred that non-surgical treatment demonstrates effectiveness in the short term for managing peri-implant mucositis. However, its impact on the treatment of peri-implantitis appears to be considerably limited. Regarding the treatment of peri-implant mucositis, the application of antimicrobial agents (chlorhexidine or delmopinol) in addition to mechanical treatment (manually or ultrasonic devices) shows both clinical and microbiological effectiveness in the short term. After treatment, the microbial profile tends to shift towards a less dysbiotic form. According to the short-term follow-up findings, the effect of using chlorhexidine in addition to mechanical debridement in peri-implantitis therapy is contradictory. However, additional use of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy also appears to provide short-term benefits. The application of hyaluronic acid may decrea","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"60 2","pages":"258-273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Prognostic Value of the CURB-65+B Score in Patients with Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever and Its Comparison with Existing Mortality Scoring Systems].","authors":"Nurten Nur Aydin, Murat Aydin, Rukiye Inan Sarikaya, Ömer Karaşahin","doi":"10.5578/mb.202602152","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.202602152","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a zoonotic viral hemorrhagic disease with a wide clinical spectrum ranging from mild clinical presentations to fatal outcomes. Reported case-fatality rates vary between 3% and 30%. Therefore, early identification of high-risk patients and referral to appropriate centers are of critical importance in reducing mortality. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the performance of the CURB-65+B score in predicting mortality in patients with CCHF and to compare it with the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), Severity Grading System (SGS) and Severity Scoring Index (SSI) scoring systems. Data from 254 adult CCHF patients who were followed in a tertiary care center and whose diagnosis were confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and/or IgM positivity were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were recorded and CURB-65, CURB-65+B, SOFA, APACHE II, SGS and SSI scores were calculated at admission. Survivors and non-survivors were compared; the predictive performance of each scoring system for mortality was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed. The overall mortality rate was 2.8% (n= 7). Non-survivors were older and more frequently presented at admission with confusion, hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea and bleeding. In laboratory analyses, platelet counts and fibrinogen levels were lower in non-survivors compared with survivors, whereas aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, activated partial thromboplastin time, international normalized ratio, D-dimer and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were higher. In ROC analysis, the most powerful laboratory predictors of mortality were CRP [&gt;14.6 mg/L; area under curve (AUC)= 0.938], prothrombin time (&gt;13.5 s; AUC= 0.996), creatinine (&gt;1.2 mg/dL; AUC= 0.882), and D-dimer (&gt;4770 µg/L; AUC= 0.662). The highest overall accuracy, however was obtained with the CURB-65+B score (AUC= 0.997; 100% sensitivity; 98.8% specificity; p&lt; 0.001). In multivariable analysis, only the CURB-65+B score was identified as an independent predictor of mortality (Odds ratio≈ 14; 95% confidence interval= 2.7-72.6; p= 0.002). Moreover, mortality was markedly higher in patients with a CURB-65+B score ≥3, whereas no deaths were observed among patients with a score &lt;3. With its simple and easily applicable structure, the CURB-65+B score represents a powerful tool for predicting mortality in CCHF. It may facilitate the rapid identification of high-risk patients, recognition of those requiring intensive care and timely referral to appropriate centers in emergency departments and endemic settings. Compared with existing mortality scoring systems, CURB-65+B appears to be more practical, distinctive and to possess a higher predictive accuracy and thus may fill an impor","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"60 2","pages":"149-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Non-toxigenic Vibrio cholerae Bacteremia: First Case in Türkiye].","authors":"Yunus Emre Kökkaya, Dilek Yağçi Çağlayik, Bilgehan Ergan, Belkıs Levent, Nurver Ülger Toprak, Arzu Ilki","doi":"10.5578/mb.20260274","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.20260274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vibrio cholerae is a gastrointestinal pathogen that causes waterborne epidemics. More than 200 serogroups of V.cholerae have been identified to date. In general, 01 or 0139 strains of V.cholerae that produce cholera toxin cause acute, rapidly progressive watery diarrhea while non-O1/non-O139 strains that do not produce cholera toxin (non-toxigenic) can cause sporadic gastroenteritis, wound infection and septicemia. Although V.cholerae non-O1/O139 (NOVC) strains are not considered to have sufficient clinical significance due to their lack of toxin production and failure to cause epidemics, an increasing number of cases have been reported in the literature in recent years. In this report, a case of non-toxigenic V.cholerae bacteremia who presented to the emergency department of our hospital with chest pain was presented. A 59-year-old male patient with a medical history of gastrectomy secondary to gastric cancer (2006) and biliary tract surgery secondary to cholelithiasis (2016) presented to the emergency department with stabbing chest pain for three days. The patient was admitted to the coronary intensive care unit for follow-up with a prediagnosis of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). During the followup of the patient, blood culture was taken due to a fever of 39.2 °C accompanied by chills and shivering and empirical ceftriaxone and metronidazole treatment was started due to the presence of intrahepatic air density in abdominal tomography. His treatment was extended to meropenem after gram-negative bacilli were reported in blood culture in double vial. The microorganism reported in the follow-up was identified as V.cholerae by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization - time of flight mass spectrometry and VITEK 2 (bioMérieux, France) and the isolate was confirmed by the National Reference Laboratory for Enteric Pathogens of the Department of National Microbiology Reference Laboratories and Biological Products, General Directorate of Public Health of Türkiye. The treatment of the patient was revised as ceftriaxone 1 × 2 g and ciprofloxacin 2 × 400 mg intravenous, considering the antimicrobial susceptibility of the current isolate. The patient was admitted to the infectious diseases ward for further investigation and treatment after the preliminary diagnosis of HOCM was ruled out. The patient, in whom no growth was detected in the control blood culture taken during hospitalization and who did not have a recurrence of fever, was discharged with a treatment plan of ceftriaxone intramuscularly and ciprofloxacin orally for a total of 14 days. In conclusion, infections with NOVC species leading to sepsis are being reported in increasing numbers every day. Currently, there are no definitive guidelines for the treatment of NOVC bacteremia. Therefore, clinicians should increase their knowledge of NOVC bacteremia to rapidly diagnose and treat patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"60 2","pages":"212-219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}