Microbiological reviews最新文献

{"title":"Molecular biology of the symbiotic-pathogenic bacteria Xenorhabdus spp. and Photorhabdus spp.","authors":"S Forst, K Nealson","doi":"10.1128/mr.60.1.21-43.1996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mr.60.1.21-43.1996","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................................................................21 PHYLOGENY AND TAXONOMY .............................................................................................................................23 Phylogeny ...................................................................................................................................................................23 Taxonomy ...................................................................................................................................................................23 PATHOGENICITY .......................................................................................................................................................26 Xenorhabdus Pathogenicity .......................................................................................................................................26 Photorhabdus Pathogenicity .....................................................................................................................................28 CELL SURFACE PROPERTIES................................................................................................................................28 Outer Membrane Proteins of X. nematophilus ......................................................................................................29 Analysis of Fimbriae, Flagella, and Glycocalyx....................................................................................................30 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY ...........................................................................................................................................30 Genetic Approaches to the Study of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus spp. .......................................................30 Signal Transduction in X. nematophilus .................................................................................................................31 Genes Sequenced in P. luminescens ........................................................................................................................33 ANTIBIOTICS, PIGMENTS, AND INHIBITORS...................................................................................................34 Antibiotics ..................................................................................................................................................................34 Xenorhabdus antibiotics ........................................................................................................................................34 Photorhabdus antibiotics.......................................................................................................................................34 Pigments.......................................................................................................................................","PeriodicalId":18499,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological reviews","volume":"60 1","pages":"21-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC239416/pdf/600021.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19821015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enteric bacterial toxins: mechanisms of action and linkage to intestinal secretion.","authors":"C. Sears, J. Kaper","doi":"10.1128/MMBR.60.1.167-215.1996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.60.1.167-215.1996","url":null,"abstract":"s of the 86th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology 1986. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C. 496. Shapiro, M., J. Matthews, G. Hecht, C. Delp, and J. L. Madara. 1991. Stabilization of F-actin prevents cAMP-elicited Cl secretion in T84 cells. J. Clin. Invest. 87:1903–1909. 497. Shinagawa, K., S. Ueno, H. Konuma, N. Matsusaka, and S. Sugii. 1991. Purification and characterization of the vascular permeability factor pro- duced by Bacillus cereus. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 53:281–286. 498. Shinoda, S., H. Matsuoka, T. Tsuchie, S.-I. Miyoshi, S. Yamamoto, H. Taniguchi, and Y. Mizuguchi. 1991. Purification and characterization of a lecithin-dependent haemolysin from Escherichia coli transformed by a Vibrio parahaemolyticus gene. J. Gen. Microbiol. 137:2705–2711. 499. Shirai, H., H. Ito, T. Hirayama, Y. Nakamoto, N. Nakabayashi, K. Kuma- gai, Y. Takeda, and M. Nishibuchi. 1990. Molecular epidemiologic evidence for association of thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and TDH-related hemolysin of Vibrio parahaemolyticus with gastroenteritis. Infect. Immun. 58:3568–3573. 500. Silva, T. M. J., C. O. Tacket, J. B. Kaper, M. Schleupner, and R. L. Guerrant. New evidence for an inflammatory component in El Tor and O139 cholera and in diarrhea caused by selected new live attenuated chol- era vaccines. Submitted for publication. 501. Singh, D. V., and S. C. Sanyal. 1992. Production of haemolysis and its correlation with enterotoxicity in Aeromonas spp. J. Med. Microbiol. 37: 262–267. 502. Sjogren, R., R. Neill, D. Rachmilewitz, D. Fritz, J. Newland, D. Sharpnack, C. Colleton, J. Fondacaro, P. Gemski, and E. Boedeker. 1994. Role of Shiga-like toxin I in bacterial enteritis: comparison between isogenic Esch- erichia coli strains induced in rabbits. Gastroenterology 106:306–317. 503. Sjogren, R. W., P. M. Sherman, and E. C. Boedeker. 1989. Altered intestinal motility precedes diarrhea during Escherichia coli enteric infection. Am. J. Physiol. 257:G725–G731. 504. Skjelkvale, R., and C. L. Duncan. 1975. Enterotoxin formation by different toxigenic types of Clostridium perfringens. Infect. Immun. 11:563–575. 505. Skjelkvale, R., and C. L. Duncan. 1975. Characterization of enterotoxin VOL. 60, 1996 ENTERIC BACTERIAL TOXINS AND INTESTINAL SECRETION 213","PeriodicalId":18499,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological reviews","volume":"10 1","pages":"167-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90212323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significance of bacterial surface-active compounds in interaction of bacteria with interfaces.","authors":"T. Neu","doi":"10.1128/MMBR.60.1.151-166.1996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.60.1.151-166.1996","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION AND TERMINOLOGY 151 TYPES OF BACTERIAL SACs 153 SYNTHETIC SACs AND BACTERIA 154 In Solution 154 Sodium dodecyl sulfate 154 Quaternary ammonium compounds 154 Various surfactants 155 Immobilized on Surfaces 155 Insolubilized quaternary ammonium compounds 155 Insolubilized block copolymer surfactants 155 Miscellaneous Effects 156 BACTERIAL SACs AND BACTERIA 156 Physiological Roles 156 Other Observations 157 Applied Aspects of Bacterial SACs 157 SURFACE-ACTIVE APPROACH TO BACTERIAL ADHESION/DEADHESION 157 SIGNIFICANCE OF BACTERIAL SACs IN ADHESION TO INTERFACES 158 SACs Bound at the Bacterial Cell Surface 158 Cell-bound biosurfactants 158 Cell-bound polymeric SACs 159 SACs Bound at the Substratum 159 Excreted biosurfactants 159 Excreted polymeric SACs 160 SIGNIFICANCE OF BACTERIAL SACs IN DEADHESION FROM INTERFACES 160 Biosurfactants 160 Polymeric SACs 161 GLIDING—A CONTINUOUS DEADHESION WITHIN TWO DIMENSIONS 161 BACTERIAL CELL SURFACE HYDROPHOBICITY—REGULATION VIA BACTERIAL SACs? 161 CONCLUSIONS 162 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 162 REFERENCES 162","PeriodicalId":18499,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological reviews","volume":"93 1","pages":"151-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79158902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histidine biosynthetic pathway and genes: structure, regulation, and evolution.","authors":"P Alifano, R Fani, P Liò, A Lazcano, M Bazzicalupo, M S Carlomagno, C B Bruni","doi":"10.1128/mr.60.1.44-69.1996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mr.60.1.44-69.1996","url":null,"abstract":"Centro di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare ‘‘L. Califano,’’ Università degli Studi di Napoli ‘‘Federico II,’’ I-80131 Naples, and Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e Genetica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, I-50125 Firenze, Italy, and Departamento de Biologia, Faculdad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico 04510 D.F., Mexico","PeriodicalId":18499,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological reviews","volume":"60 1","pages":"44-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC239417/pdf/600044.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19821016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial scission of ether bonds.","authors":"G F White, N J Russell, E C Tidswell","doi":"10.1128/mr.60.1.216-232.1996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mr.60.1.216-232.1996","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................................216 PROBLEM POLLUTANTS AND ETHER SCISSION..........................................................................................217 Agrochemicals..........................................................................................................................................................217 Polyethers.................................................................................................................................................................218 Polyethylene glycols ............................................................................................................................................218 Polypropylene glycols and polytetramethylene glycols ..................................................................................219 Detergents ................................................................................................................................................................219 Builder compounds.............................................................................................................................................219 Alcohol ethoxylates .............................................................................................................................................219 Alkylphenol ethoxylates......................................................................................................................................220 Alkylethoxy sulfate surfactants .........................................................................................................................220 BIOCHEMICAL MECHANISMS OF ETHER CLEAVAGE................................................................................221 Oxygenation .............................................................................................................................................................221 Oxidation by Cytochromes P-450 .........................................................................................................................221 Hydroxyl Shift Mechanisms ..................................................................................................................................223 Hydrolysis ................................................................................................................................................................225 Anaerobic O Dealkylation of Alkyl-Aryl Ethers .................................................................................................225 Oxidation to Carboxylic Acids ..............................................................................................................................226 Reduction ..............................................................................................................................","PeriodicalId":18499,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological reviews","volume":"60 1","pages":"216-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC239425/pdf/600216.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19821021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms and control of mRNA turnover in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.","authors":"G Caponigro, R Parker","doi":"10.1128/mr.60.1.233-249.1996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mr.60.1.233-249.1996","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................................233 METHODS FOR STUDYING mRNA TURNOVER IN S. CEREVISIAE ...........................................................234 Approach to Steady-State Labeling......................................................................................................................234 Inhibition of Transcription by Using Drugs .......................................................................................................234 Inhibition of Transcription by Using a Conditional Allele of RNA Polymerase II.......................................234 Inhibition of Transcription by Using Regulated Promoters.............................................................................235 Transcriptional Pulse-Chase: a Method for Examining Pathways of Decay..................................................235 Identification of Intermediates in mRNA Decay ................................................................................................235 DETERMINANTS OF mRNA STABILITY IN S. CEREVISIAE ..........................................................................236 Specific Sequences Influence mRNA Half-Lives.................................................................................................236 Nonspecific Features of mRNAs Generally Do Not Influence mRNA Half-Lives .........................................237 There is no correlation between mRNA length and stability .......................................................................237 Ribosome protection cannot account for mRNA half-lives...........................................................................237 Rare codons are not general determinants of mRNA stability ....................................................................238 A COMMON PATHWAY OF mRNA DECAY........................................................................................................238 Deadenylation Precedes the Decay of Some Yeast mRNAs ..............................................................................238 Decapping and 5*-to-3* Exonucleolytic Digestion Follow Deadenylation of Some Yeast mRNAs...............239 Deadenylation-Dependent Decapping Is a Common Pathway of mRNA Decay ............................................239 Control of mRNA Half-Lives through the Deadenylation-Dependent Decapping Pathway .........................240 Control of mRNA deadenylation ......................................................................................................................240 (i) Poly(A)-binding protein influences deadenylation................................................................................240 (ii) Poly(A)-binding protein-dependent nuclease activity from S. cerevisiae ..........................................240 (iii) Other proteins possibly involved in deadenylation............................","PeriodicalId":18499,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological reviews","volume":"60 1","pages":"233-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC239426/pdf/600233.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19821023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial scission of ether bonds.","authors":"G. White, N. Russell, E. C. Tidswell","doi":"10.1128/MMBR.60.1.216-232.1996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.60.1.216-232.1996","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION 216 PROBLEM POLLUTANTS AND ETHER SCISSION 217 Agrochemicals 217 Polyethers 218 Polyethylene glycols 218 Polypropylene glycols and polytetramethylene glycols 219 Detergents 219 Builder compounds 219 Alcohol ethoxylates 219 Alkylphenol ethoxylates 220 Alkylethoxy sulfate surfactants 220 BIOCHEMICAL MECHANISMS OF ETHER CLEAVAGE 221 Oxygenation 221 Oxidation by Cytochromes P-450 221 Hydroxyl Shift Mechanisms 223 Hydrolysis 225 Anaerobic O Dealkylation of Alkyl-Aryl Ethers 225 Oxidation to Carboxylic Acids 226 Reduction 227 Carbon-Oxygen Bond Cleavage by Lyases 228 CONCLUDING REMARKS 228 State of Knowledge and Prospects 228 Pathways 228 Enzymes 229 Emerging Themes 229 Natural Substrates for Ether Cleavage Systems 229 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 230 REFERENCES 230","PeriodicalId":18499,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological reviews","volume":"119 1","pages":"216-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78172118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Double-stranded RNA viruses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.","authors":"R B Wickner","doi":"10.1128/mr.60.1.250-265.1996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mr.60.1.250-265.1996","url":null,"abstract":"INFECTIOUS ELEMENTS OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE 250 BIOLOGY OF THE YEAST dsRNA VIRUSES AND THE KILLER PHENOMENON 250 L-A VIRUS STRUCTURE: T 5 1 WITH 60 ASYMMETRIC Gag DIMERS 251 VIRAL REPLICATION CYCLES 251 L-A ENCODES Gag AND Gag-Pol 252 REPLICATION AND TRANSCRIPTION OF VIRAL RNA: IN VITRO SYSTEMS 254 TRANSLATION OF VIRAL mRNA 254 The SKI2,3,8 System Blocks the Translation of Non-Poly(A) mRNA 255 M1 Propagation Depends Critically on Free 60S Ribosomal Subunit Levels 256 Do SKI2, 3, and 8 Determine 60S Subunit Interaction with Poly(A)? 257 Gag Makes Decapitated Decoys To Distract the SKI1/XRN1 Exoribonuclease 257 Lethality of ski1 ski2 and ski1 ski3 double mutants 258 Gag-Pol Fusion Protein Formed by a 21 Ribosomal Frameshift: How and Why 258 Mechanism of 21 ribosomal frameshifting 258 How critical is the efficiency of frameshifting? 259 Chromosomal genes affecting the efficiency of frameshifting 259 Can 21 ribosomal frameshifting be used as a target of antiviral drugs? 259 POSTTRANSLATIONAL PROCESSING 259 MAK3 N-Acetyltransferase Modification of Gag Is Necessary for Assembly 259 Killer Preprotoxin Is Processed To Form Mature Toxin 260 KEX1 and KEX2 Processing Proteases and Mammalian Prohormone Processing 260 RNA PACKAGING: IN VITRO AND IN VIVO 260 Evidence for cis Packaging by L-A 260 Does Packaging Control Translation? 260 L-BC IS CLOSELY RELATED TO L-A 261 CONCLUSIONS AND PROSPECTS 261 REFERENCES 262","PeriodicalId":18499,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological reviews","volume":"60 1","pages":"250-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC239427/pdf/600250.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19821025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic regulation of phospholipid biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.","authors":"M L Greenberg, J M Lopes","doi":"10.1128/mr.60.1.1-20.1996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mr.60.1.1-20.1996","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18499,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological reviews","volume":"60 1","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC239415/pdf/600001.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19821014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histidine biosynthetic pathway and genes: structure, regulation, and evolution.","authors":"P. Alifano, R. Fani, P. Lio’, A. Lazcano, M. Bazzicalupo, M. Carlomagno, C. Bruni","doi":"10.1128/MMBR.60.1.44-69.1996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.60.1.44-69.1996","url":null,"abstract":"Centro di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare ‘‘L. Califano,’’ Universita degli Studi di Napoli ‘‘Federico II,’’ I-80131 Naples, and Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e Genetica, Universita degli Studi di Firenze, I-50125 Firenze, Italy, and Departamento de Biologia, Faculdad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico 04510 D.F., Mexico","PeriodicalId":18499,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological reviews","volume":"30 1","pages":"44-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83598501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}