Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz最新文献

{"title":"Enterovirus infection and its relationship with neurodegenerative diseases.","authors":"Ivanildo Pedro Sousa Junior,&nbsp;Tuane Cristine Ramos Gonçalves Vieira","doi":"10.1590/0074-02760220252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760220252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are increasingly common, especially in populations with higher life expectancies. They are associated mainly with protein metabolism and structure changes, leading to neuronal cell death. Viral infections affect these cellular processes and may be involved in the etiology of several neurological illnesses, particularly NDs. Enteroviruses (EVs) frequently infect the central nervous system (CNS), causing neurological disease. Inflammation, disruption of the host autophagy machinery, and deregulation and accumulation/misfolding of proteins are the main alterations observed after infection by an EV. In this perspective, we discuss the most recent findings on the subject, examining the possible role of EVs in the development of NDs, and shedding light on the putative role played by these viruses in developing NDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":18469,"journal":{"name":"Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz","volume":"118 ","pages":"e220252"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10072002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9623903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry azole susceptibility assessment in Candida and Aspergillus species.","authors":"Ana Luisa Perini Leme Giordano,&nbsp;Lais Pontes,&nbsp;Caio Augusto Gualtieri Beraquet,&nbsp;Luzia Lyra,&nbsp;Angelica Zaninelli Schreiber","doi":"10.1590/0074-02760220213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760220213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) allows rapid pathogen identification and potentially can be used for antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We evaluated the performance of the MALDI-TOF MS in assessing azole susceptibility, with reduced incubation time, by comparing the results with the reference method Broth Microdilution.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Resistant and susceptible strains of Candida (n = 15) were evaluated against fluconazole and Aspergillus (n = 15) against itraconazole and voriconazole. Strains were exposed to serial dilutions of the antifungals for 15 h. Microorganisms' protein spectra against all drug concentrations were acquired and used to generate a composite correlation index (CCI) matrix. The comparison of autocorrelations and cross-correlations between spectra facilitated by CCI was used as a similarity parameter between them, enabling the inference of a minimum profile change concentration breakpoint. Results obtained with the different AFST methods were then compared.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The overall agreement between methods was 91.11%. Full agreement (100%) was reached for Aspergillus against voriconazole and Candida against fluconazole, and 73.33% of agreement was obtained for Aspergillus against itraconazole.</p><p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates MALDI-TOF MS' potential as a reliable and faster alternative for AFST. More studies are necessary for method optimisation and standardisation for clinical routine application.</p>","PeriodicalId":18469,"journal":{"name":"Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz","volume":"118 ","pages":"e220213"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10014031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9507271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy metal resistance in the Yanomami and Tunapuco microbiome","authors":"Liliane Costa Conteville, Joseli Oliveira-Ferreira, Ana Carolina P Vicente","doi":"10.1590/0074-02760230086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760230086","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND The Amazon Region hosts invaluable and unique biodiversity as well as mineral resources. Consequently, large illegal and artisanal gold mining areas exist in indigenous territories. Mercury has been used in gold mining, and some has been released into the environment and atmosphere, primarily affecting indigenous people such as the Yanomami. In addition, other heavy metals have been associated with gold mining and other metal-dispersing activities in the region. OBJECTIVE Investigate the gut microbiome of two semi-isolated groups from the Amazon, focusing on metal resistance. METHODS Metagenomic data from the Yanomami and Tunapuco gut microbiome were assembled into contigs, and their putative proteins were searched against a database of metal resistance proteins. FINDINGS Proteins associated with mercury resistance were exclusive in the Yanomami, while proteins associated with silver resistance were exclusive in the Tunapuco. Both groups share 77 non-redundant metal resistance (MR) proteins, mostly associated with multi-MR and operons with potential resistance to arsenic, nickel, zinc, copper, copper/silver, and cobalt/nickel. Although both groups harbour operons related to copper resistance, only the Tunapuco group had the pco operon. CONCLUSION The Yanomami and Tunapuco gut microbiome shows that these people have been exposed directly or indirectly to distinct scenarios concerning heavy metals.","PeriodicalId":18469,"journal":{"name":"Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135609156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ongoing HIV-1 evolution and reservoir reseeding in two elite controllers with genetically diverse peripheral proviral quasispecies.","authors":"Suwellen Sardinha Dias de Azevedo,&nbsp;Fernanda Heloise Côrtes,&nbsp;Larissa M Villela,&nbsp;Brenda Hoagland,&nbsp;Beatriz Grinsztejn,&nbsp;Valdilea Gonçalvez Veloso,&nbsp;Mariza G Morgado,&nbsp;Gonzalo Bello","doi":"10.1590/0074-02760230066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760230066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Elite controllers (EC) are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals who can maintain low viral loads for extended periods without antiretroviral therapy due to multifactorial and individual characteristics. Most have a small HIV-1 reservoir composed of identical proviral sequences maintained by clonal expansion of infected CD4+ T cells. However, some have a more diverse peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-associated HIV-1 reservoir with unique sequences.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To understand the turnover dynamics of the PBMC-associated viral quasispecies in ECs with relatively diverse circulating proviral reservoirs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed single genome amplification of the env gene at three time points during six years in two EC with high intra-host HIV DNA diversity.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Both EC displayed quite diverse PBMCs-associated viral quasispecies (mean env diversity = 1.9-4.1%) across all time-points comprising both identical proviruses that are probably clonally expanded and unique proviruses with evidence of ongoing evolution. HIV-1 env glycosylation pattern suggests that ancestral and evolving proviruses may display different phenotypes of resistance to broadly neutralising antibodies consistent with persistent immune pressure. Evolving viruses may progressively replace the ancestral ones or may remain as minor variants in the circulating proviral population.</p><p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>These findings support that the high intra-host HIV-1 diversity of some EC resulted from long-term persistence of archival proviruses combined with the continuous reservoir's reseeding and low, but measurable, viral evolution despite undetectable viremia.</p>","PeriodicalId":18469,"journal":{"name":"Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz","volume":"118 ","pages":"e230066"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10292822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9710454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary infection of BALB/c mice with a dengue virus type 4 strain leads to kidney injury.","authors":"Arthur da Costa Rasinhas,&nbsp;Fernanda Cunha Jácome,&nbsp;Gabriela Cardoso Caldas,&nbsp;Ana Luisa Teixeira de Almeida,&nbsp;Daniel Dias Coutinho de Souza,&nbsp;João Paulo Rodrigues Dos Santos,&nbsp;Helver Gonçalves Dias,&nbsp;Eduarda Lima Araujo,&nbsp;Ronaldo Mohana-Borges,&nbsp;Ortrud Monika Barth,&nbsp;Flavia Barreto Dos Santos,&nbsp;Debora Ferreira Barreto-Vieira","doi":"10.1590/0074-02760220255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760220255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dengue is a disease caused by dengue virus (DENV-1 through -4). Among the four serotypes, DENV-4 remains the least studied. Acute kidney injury is a potential complication of dengue generally associated with severe dengue infection.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The goal of this study was to investigate the alterations caused by experimental dengue infection in the kidney of adult BALB/c mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, BALB/c mice were infected through the intravenous route with a DENV-4 strain, isolated from a human patient. The kidneys of the mice were procured and subject to histopathological and ultrastructural analysis.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The presence of the viral antigen was confirmed through immunohistochemistry. Analysis of tissue sections revealed the presence of inflammatory cell infiltrate throughout the parenchyma. Glomerular enlargement was a common find. Necrosis of tubular cells and haemorrhage were also observed. Analysis of the kidney on a transmission electron microscope allowed a closer look into the necrotic tubular cells, which presented nuclei with condensed chromatin, and loss of cytoplasm.</p><p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>Even though the kidney is probably not a primary target of dengue infection in mice, the inoculation of the virus in the blood appears to damage the renal tissue through local inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18469,"journal":{"name":"Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz","volume":"118 ","pages":"e220255"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10168658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9456155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perillyl alcohol modulates activation, permeability and integrity of human brain endothelial cells induced by Plasmodium falciparum.","authors":"Adriana A Marin,&nbsp;Annette Juillard,&nbsp;Alejandro M Katzin,&nbsp;Leonardo Jm Carvalho,&nbsp;Georges Er Grau","doi":"10.1590/0074-02760230033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760230033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cerebral malaria (CM) is a severe immunovasculopathy caused for Plasmodium falciparum infection, which is characterised by the sequestration of parasitised red blood cells (pRBCs) in brain microvessels. Previous studies have shown that some terpenes, such as perillyl alcohol (POH), exhibit a marked efficacy in preventing cerebrovascular inflammation, breakdown of the brain-blood barrier (BBB) and brain leucocyte accumulation in experimental CM models.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyse the effects of POH on the endothelium using human brain endothelial cell (HBEC) monolayers co-cultured with pRBCs.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The loss of tight junction proteins (TJPs) and features of endothelial activation, such as ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression were evaluated by quantitative immunofluorescence. Microvesicle (MV) release by HBEC upon stimulation by P. falciparum was evaluated by flow cytometry. Finally, the capacity of POH to revert P. falciparum-induced HBEC monolayer permeability was examined by monitoring trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER).</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>POH significantly prevented pRBCs-induced endothelial adhesion molecule (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) upregulation and MV release by HBEC, improved their trans-endothelial resistance, and restored their distribution of TJPs such as VE-cadherin, Occludin, and JAM-A.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>POH is a potent monoterpene that is efficient in preventing P. falciparum-pRBCs-induced changes in HBEC, namely their activation, increased permeability and alterations of integrity, all parameters of relevance to CM pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18469,"journal":{"name":"Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz","volume":"118 ","pages":"e230033"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10317308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9759484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chikungunya virus infection in the southernmost state of Brazil was characterised by self-limited transmission (2017-2019) and a larger 2021 outbreak.","authors":"Tatiana Schäffer Gregianini,&nbsp;Richard Steiner Salvato,&nbsp;Regina Bones Barcellos,&nbsp;Fernanda Marques Godinho,&nbsp;Amanda Pellenz Ruivo,&nbsp;Viviane Horn de Melo,&nbsp;Júlio Augusto Schroder,&nbsp;Fernanda Letícia Martiny,&nbsp;Erica Bortoli Möllmann,&nbsp;Cátia Favreto,&nbsp;Ludmila Fiorenzano Baethgen,&nbsp;Vithoria Pompermaier Ferreira,&nbsp;Lívia Eidt de Lima,&nbsp;Cláudia Fasolo Piazza,&nbsp;Taís Raquel Marcon Machado,&nbsp;Irina Marieta Becker,&nbsp;Raquel Rocha Ramos,&nbsp;Guilherme Carey Frölich,&nbsp;Alana Fraga Rossetti,&nbsp;Lucas da Cunha Almeida,&nbsp;Tahiana Machado Antunes Rodrigues,&nbsp;Isabella Tabelli Bragança,&nbsp;Aline Alves Scarpellini Campos,&nbsp;Verônica Baú Manzoni,&nbsp;Lais Ceschini Machado,&nbsp;Luisa Maria Inácio da Silva,&nbsp;André Luiz Sá de Oliveira,&nbsp;Marcelo Henrique Santos Paiva,&nbsp;Zenaida Marion Alves Nunes,&nbsp;Paula Rodrigues de Almeida,&nbsp;Meriane Demoliner,&nbsp;Juliana Schons Gularte,&nbsp;Mariana Soares da Silva,&nbsp;Micheli Filippi,&nbsp;Vyctoria Malayhka de Abreu Góes Pereira,&nbsp;Fernando Rosado Spilki,&nbsp;Ana Beatriz Gorini da Veiga,&nbsp;Gabriel Luz Wallau","doi":"10.1590/0074-02760220259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760220259","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne virus that has been causing large outbreaks in the Americas since 2014. In Brazil, Asian-Caribbean (AC) and East-Central-South-African (ECSA) genotypes have been detected and lead to large outbreaks in several Brazilian states. In Rio Grande do Sul (RS), the southernmost state of Brazil, the first cases were reported in 2016. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS We employed genome sequencing and epidemiological investigation to characterise the Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) burden in RS between 2017-2021. FINDINGS We detected an increasing CHIKF burden linked to travel associated introductions and communitary transmission of distinct lineages of the ECSA genotype during this period. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Until 2020, CHIKV introductions were most travel associated and transmission was limited. Then, in 2021, the largest outbreak occurred in the state associated with the introduction of a new ECSA lineage. CHIKV outbreaks are likely to occur in the near future due to abundant competent vectors and a susceptible population, exposing more than 11 million inhabitants to an increasing infection risk.","PeriodicalId":18469,"journal":{"name":"Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz","volume":"118 ","pages":"e220259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10392894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10289476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some remarks on peer review and preprints.","authors":"Adeilton Alves Brandão","doi":"10.1590/0074-02760230001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760230001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18469,"journal":{"name":"Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz","volume":"118 ","pages":"e230001"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10311663/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9744082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular diversity of genes related to biological rhythms (period and timeless) and insecticide resistance (Na V and ace-1) in Anopheles darlingi.","authors":"Aline Cordeiro Loureiro,&nbsp;Alejandra Saori Araki,&nbsp;Rafaela Vieira Bruno,&nbsp;José Bento Pereira Lima,&nbsp;Simone Ladeia-Andrade,&nbsp;Liliana Santacoloma,&nbsp;Ademir Jesus Martins","doi":"10.1590/0074-02760220159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760220159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malaria is a public health concern in the Amazonian Region, where Anopheles darlingi is the main vector of Plasmodium spp. Several studies hypothesised the existence of cryptic species in An. darlingi, considering variations in behaviour, morphological and genetic aspects. Determining their overall genetic background for vector competence, insecticide resistance, and other elements is essential to better guide strategies for malaria control.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the molecular diversity in genes related to behaviour and insecticide resistance, estimating genetic differentiation in An. darlingi populations from Amazonian localities in Brazil and Pacific Colombian region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We amplified, cloned and sequenced fragments of genes related to behaviour: timeless (tim) and period (per), and to insecticide resistance: voltage-gated sodium channel (Na V ) and acetylcholinesterase (ace-1) from 516 An. darlingi DNA samples from Manaus, Unini River, Jaú River and Porto Velho - Brazil, and Chocó - Colombia. We discriminated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), determined haplotypes and evaluate the phylogenetic relationship among the populations.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The genes per, tim and ace-1 were more polymorphic than Na V . The classical kdr and ace-1 R mutations were not observed. Phylogenetic analyses suggested a significant differentiation between An. darlingi populations from Brazil and Colombia, except for the Na V gene. There was a geographic differentiation within Brazilian populations considering per and ace-1.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results add genetic data to the discussion about polymorphisms at population levels in An. darlingi. The search for insecticide resistance-related mechanisms should be extended to more populations, especially from localities with a vector control failure scenario.</p>","PeriodicalId":18469,"journal":{"name":"Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz","volume":"118 ","pages":"e220159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10337825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9812948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and epidemiological aspects of Delta and Gamma SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern from the western Brazilian Amazon.","authors":"Gabriella Sgorlon,&nbsp;Jackson Alves da Silva Queiroz,&nbsp;Tárcio Peixoto Roca,&nbsp;Ana Maisa Passos da Silva,&nbsp;Nadson Willian Felipe Gasparelo,&nbsp;Karolaine Santos Teixeira,&nbsp;Andreia Souza da Nóbrega Oliveira,&nbsp;Aline Linhares Ferreira de Melo Mendonça,&nbsp;Adriana Cristina Salvador Maia,&nbsp;Soraya Dos Santos Pereira,&nbsp;Flávia Serrano Batista,&nbsp;Juan Miguel Villalobos Salcedo,&nbsp;Rita de Cassia Pontello Rampazzo,&nbsp;Paola Cristina Resende,&nbsp;Marilda Mendonça Siqueira,&nbsp;Felipe Gomes Naveca,&nbsp;Deusilene Vieira","doi":"10.1590/0074-02760220155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760220155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants has become a major concern contributing to increased morbidity and mortality worldwide.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Here we describe the replacement of the Gamma variant of concern (VOC) with Delta in the western Brazilian Amazon.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we analysed 540 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples determined by qualitative real-time RT-PCR selected in the state of Rondônia between June and December 2021. The positive cohort was sequenced through next-generation sequencing (NGS) and each sample was quantified using real-time RT-qPCR, the whole genome sequence was obtained, SARS-CoV-2 lineages were classified using the system Pango and the maximum likelihood (ML) method was used to conduct phylogenetic analyses.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>A total of 540 high-quality genomes were obtained, where the Delta VOC showed the highest prevalence making up 72%, with strain AY.43 being the most abundant, while the Gamma VOC was present in 28%, where the P.1 strain was the most frequent. In this study population, only 32.96% (178/540) had completed the vaccination schedule.</p><p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>This study highlighted the presence of Gamma and Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 in RO. Furthermore, we observed the replacement of the Gamma VOC with the Delta VOC and its lineages.</p>","PeriodicalId":18469,"journal":{"name":"Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz","volume":"117 ","pages":"e220155"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9870256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10601761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}