Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids最新文献

{"title":"Introducing Commentary Series: \"Evidence in Context\".","authors":"Amie J Goodin, Almut G Winterstein, Robert C Cook, Yan Wang, Joshua D Brown","doi":"10.1159/000512684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000512684","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"4 1","pages":"61-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000512684","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39539406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence in Context: High Risk of Bias in Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoid Clinical Trials Dictates the Need for Cautious Interpretation.","authors":"Joshua D Brown, Amie J Goodin","doi":"10.1159/000514732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000514732","url":null,"abstract":"• Studies designed as randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are intended to produce high-quality evidence and are crucial tools in the assessment of medical cannabis and cannabinoid efficacy and safety. However, high risk of bias was demonstrated by the majority of medical cannabis and cannabinoid RCTs in a comprehensive meta-analysis. Risk of bias makes it difficult to interpret and apply findings from these studies. • Risk of bias introduced into and observed in cannabis RCTs warrants scrutiny, and standardized tools are recommended when reviewing RCT reports of findings. Clinical practice should ideally be altered only when sufficient evidence is available and an understanding of the “levels of scientific evidence” and common limitations to RCTs should be communicated to clinicians. • Patients should be informed that no RCT should influence their behaviors. Open lines of communication with their physicians and other healthcare providers can help facilitate more informed consumption of media coverage and other dissemination of research findings.","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"4 1","pages":"63-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000514732","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39539408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographics, Perceptions, and Use of Medical Marijuana among Patients in Florida.","authors":"Martha S Rosenthal,&nbsp;R Nathan Pipitone","doi":"10.1159/000512342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000512342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medical marijuana (MMJ) is currently legal in 35 US states, with an estimated 3.6 million state-legal medical cannabis patients. Although there are currently over 440,000 MMJ patients in the state of Florida, there are limited data on their demographics, reasons and patterns of use, and successes or failures of treatment. The goal of this study is to examine the demographics, perceptions, and use of medical cannabis among patients in Florida, as well as their perceptions of the quality of information received from physicians and dispensaries. One hundred and fifty-seven MMJ patients completed an online survey regarding their characteristics and use. Patients in Florida shared many characteristics with patients in other states, such as race, use frequency, and administration technique. Patients most commonly used MMJ to treat their symptoms of anxiety, pain, and stress and reported great therapeutic effectiveness. A majority (65%) of patients also reported either a reduction or total discontinuation of at least one prescription or over-the-counter drug. The findings highlight the need to further investigate the use of MMJ as a viable treatment for pain and anxiety and to improve access of quality cannabis information to patients, physicians, and dispensary employees.</p>","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"4 1","pages":"13-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000512342","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39539405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role and Function of Endocannabinoid System in Major Depressive Disease.","authors":"Erhan Yarar","doi":"10.1159/000511979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000511979","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a neuromodulator system with a crucial role in CNS and the reaction to endogenous and exogenous compounds and inflammation. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a basic part of the ECS which is the overwhelming causative and/or protective factor of major depressive disease (MDD). CBD interacts with brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) that responds to inflammation, dysregulations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and many more imbalances in MDD patients for which the ECS is a vital part to analyze, diagnose, and reflect the treatment. The ECS and MDD appear to have strong connections and interactions, so interest in ECS and CBD use in MDD patients is developing as a rescue resort.</p>","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000511979","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39539404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Cannabis for Medical Purposes in the Arab World.","authors":"Bader H Shirah,&nbsp;Mohammed M Ahmed","doi":"10.1159/000510824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000510824","url":null,"abstract":"The legal landscape of cannabis (marijuana) has dramatically changed over the past few years in several countries worldwide. Many patients now have legal access to products derived from cannabis. In the Middle East, Lebanon became the first Arab country to legalize cannabis for medical and industrial use recently in 2020. Other Middle Eastern and Arab countries continue to completely ban the use of cannabis and products derived from cannabis. This article is a call to conduct medical research in the use of cannabis for medical purposes to determine the suitability and need for this substance in the Arab world. Based on these studies, evidence-based recommendations can be made to the highest authorities in the Arab countries for legalization or continued prohibition. As the international use of cannabis is increasing, the Arab countries may consider legalization of the substance to cover the unmet medical need and offer an additional treatment option for certain conditions.","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"4 1","pages":"72-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000510824","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39565255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts - 5th International Medical Cannabis Conference (CannX 2020), Virtual, October 26-28, 2020","authors":"V. Gyarmathy","doi":"10.1159/000511664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000511664","url":null,"abstract":"Scientific Advisory Committee David (Dedi) Meiri Ph.D, Head of Scientific Advisory Board, Assistant Professor, Heads the ‘Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Cannabinoid Research’ Technion, Institute of Technology, Israel Raquel Peyraube M.D., Director of the Diploma Endocannabinology, Cannabis and Cannabinoids, Rosario National University, Uruguay Orit Stolar M.D., Pediatric Neurologist, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Israel Yuval (Tuby) Zolotov Ph.D, Senior Research Associate, Regional Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel Med Cannabis Cannabinoids 2020;3:132–142 Published online: October 22, 2020 DOI: 10.1159/000511664 Basel · Freiburg · Hartford · Oxford · Bangkok · Dubai · Kuala Lumpur · Melbourne · Mexico City · Moscow · New Delhi · Paris · Shanghai · Tokyo","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"3 1","pages":"132 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000511664","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43805639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabidiol (CBD) Oil Does Not Display an Entourage Effect in Reducing Cancer Cell Viability in vitro.","authors":"Wesley M Raup-Konsavage,&nbsp;Nurgul Carkaci-Salli,&nbsp;Kelly Greenland,&nbsp;Robert Gearhart,&nbsp;Kent E Vrana","doi":"10.1159/000510256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000510256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Several studies have found that cannabinoids, particularly delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol (CBD), have the ability to reduce cancer cell viability. An ongoing debate regarding the use of medical Cannabis revolves around the effectiveness of pure compounds versus intact plant material for treatment. Proponents for the use of intact plant material or botanical extracts argue that there is a synergistic effect between the different cannabinoids, terpenoids, and flavonoids; this is commonly referred to as the \"entourage effect.\" Our study was designed to test the validity of the proposed entourage effect in a narrow application using a cancer cell viability model.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Six cancer cell lines, from 3 different types of human cancer were treated with 10 μM pure CBD or 10 μM CBD from hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i>) oil (obtained from 3 different commercial sources) for 48 h, and cell viability was measured with the MTS assay. Dose-response curves were then performed to compare the potencies of pure CBD to CBD oils. CBD concentrations were independently confirmed in the commercial oils, and cannabinoid and terpene composition were also compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CBD (10 μM) was able to reduce cell viability in 3 of the 6 cell lines tested, and this was found to be cell line specific and not specific to select cancers. None of the CBD oils tested were able to reduce viability to a greater extent than that of pure CBD. Additionally, dose-response curves found lower IC₅₀ values for pure CBD compared to the most potent CBD oil tested. Interestingly, some oils actually appeared to protect cancer cells from the effects of CBD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found that pure CBD was as potent or more potent at reducing cancer cell viability as the most potent oil tested, suggesting that there is no \"entourage\" effect under these specific in vitro conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"3 2","pages":"95-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000510256","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39539402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Light Spectra on the Production of Cannabinoids.","authors":"Pascal Amrein, Stefan Rinner, Tindaro Pittorino, Joan Espel, David Schmidmayr","doi":"10.1159/000510146","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000510146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, more attention has been paid to cannabis from both medical and political points of view. This study investigates the influence of 5 different light spectra on the active substance content in THC-poor hemp of the Alessia chemotype II variety. The focus is on comparing conventional growing under metal halide lamps with growing under high-pressure sodium (HPS) vapor lamps with regard to different spectra of LED lighting modules. Growing was carried out in 10 growing boxes under controlled and mostly identical conditions for all boxes. The photoperiod during the vegetative phase was 18 h light and photosynthetic photon flux density ∼520 μmol⋅m^-2 s^-1. The flowering phase was 12 h light and ∼540 μmol⋅m^-2 s^-1. During the experiment, CO₂, temperature, and humidity were measured and logged. Additionally, weekly measurements of chlorophyll, electric conductivity of the fertilizer, activity measurement (salt content) of the soil, and pH value of the soil were checked. The content of cannabinoids was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Plant height and growth were monitored during the whole experiment by cameras taking pictures every 30 min and loading them onto a cloud storage platform. Cannabinoid content was measured using HPLC. Plant wet weight was determined at the end of the experiment and showed that plants under the high pressure lamp treatment had less flower weight than those under the LED treatment. In conclusion, it could be shown that certain LED spectra can considerably increase the amount of cannabinoids with respect to conventional illumination (HPS).</p>","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"3 2","pages":"103-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8489333/pdf/mca-0003-0103.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39539403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabinoids and COVID-19.","authors":"Myriam El Biali,&nbsp;Barbara Broers,&nbsp;Marie Besson,&nbsp;Jules Demeules","doi":"10.1159/000510799","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000510799","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the endocannabinoid system is involved in immune function, the effect of cannabinoid intake on infectious conditions is questioned for several years and is of particular interest in the COVID 19 pandemia. Some data suggest that the immunomodulatory effect of cannabinoids may affect the course and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Given the large number of cannabinoids consumers in the community, this commentary presents the current knowledge on the potential impact of cannabinoids and endocannabinoids on bacterial and viral infection courses namely SARS-CoV-2 disease. Practical recommendations, which can be drawn from the literature, are given.</p>","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"3 2","pages":"111-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000510799","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39535230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Cannabidiol, Δ⁹-Tetrahydrocannabinol, and Their Acids in CBD Oil/Hemp Oil Products.","authors":"Mahmoud A ElSohly,&nbsp;Timothy P Murphy,&nbsp;Ikhlas Khan,&nbsp;Larry W Walker,&nbsp;Waseem Gul","doi":"10.1159/000509550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000509550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hemp products are readily available and are aggressively marketed for their health and medicinal benefits. Most consumers of these products are interested because of cannabidiol (CBD), which has taken the natural products industry by storm. The CBD and Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁹-THC) concentrations in these products are often absent, and even where labeled, the accuracy of the label amounts is often questionable. In order to gain a better understanding of the CBD content, fifty hemp products were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for CBD, Δ⁹-THC, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (Δ⁹-THCAA), and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA). Δ⁹-THCAA and CBDA are the natural precursors of Δ⁹-THC and CBD in the plant material. Decarboxylation to Δ⁹-THC and CBD is essential to get the total benefit of the neutral cannabinoids. Therefore, analysis for the neutral and acid cannabinoids is important to get a complete picture of the chemical profile of the products. The GC-MS method used for the analysis of these products was developed and validated. A 10-m × 0.18-mm DB-1 (0.4 μ film) column was used for the analysis. The majority of the hemp products were oils, one of the products was hemp butter, one was a concentrated hemp powder capsule, and another was a hemp extract capsule. Most of the products contained less than 0.1% CBD and less than 0.01% Δ⁹-THC. Three products contained 0.1-1% CBD, and 2 products contained 0.1-0.9% Δ⁹-THC. All of the samples appeared to be decarboxylated since the CBDA and Δ⁹-THCAA results were less than 0.001%. The developed method is simple, sensitive, and reproducible for the detection of Δ⁹-THC, Δ⁹-THCAA, CBD, and CBDA in CBD oil/hemp products.</p>","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000509550","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39539457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}