Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids最新文献

{"title":"Much Ado about Dosing: The Needs and Challenges of Defining a Standardized Cannabis Unit.","authors":"Sebastian Jugl, Ruba Sajdeya, Earl J Morris, Amie J Goodin, Joshua D Brown","doi":"10.1159/000517154","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000517154","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"4 1","pages":"121-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8832202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44566984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabis, a Miracle Drug with Polyvalent Therapeutic Utility: Preclinical and Clinical-Based Evidence.","authors":"Rishabh Verma,&nbsp;Farazul Hoda,&nbsp;Mawrah Arshad,&nbsp;Asif Iqubal,&nbsp;Ali Nasir Siddiqui,&nbsp;Mohammad Ahmed Khan,&nbsp;Syed Ehtaishamul Haque,&nbsp;Mohd Akhtar,&nbsp;Abul Kalam Najmi","doi":"10.1159/000515042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000515042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. is an annual herbaceous dioecious plant which was first cultivated by agricultural human societies in Asia. Over the period of time, various parts of the plant like leaf, flower, and seed were used for recreational as well as therapeutic purposes. The main chemical components of <i>Cannabis sativa</i> are termed as cannabinoids, among them the key psychoactive constituent is Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol (CBD) as active nonpsychotic constituent. Upon doing extensive literature review, it was found that cannabis has been widely studied for a number of disorders. Very recently, a pure CBD formulation, named Epidiolex, got a green flag from both United States Food and Drug Administration and Drug Enforcement Administration for 2 rare types of epilepsies. This laid a milestone in medical cannabis research. This review intends to give a basic and extensive assessment, from past till present, of the ethnological, plant, chemical, pharmacological, and legal aspects of <i>C. sativa</i>. Further, this review contemplates the evidence the studies obtained of cannabis components on Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, emesis, epilepsy, chronic pain, and cancer as a cytotoxic agent as well as a palliative therapy. The assessment in this study was done by reviewing in extensive details from studies on historical importance, ethnopharmacological aspects, and legal grounds of <i>C. sativa</i> from extensive literature available on the scientific databases, with a vision for elevating further pharmaceutical research to investigate its total potential as a therapeutic agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"4 1","pages":"43-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000515042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39539407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perinatal Cannabis Exposures and Autism Spectrum Disorders.","authors":"Ruba Sajdeya,&nbsp;Joshua D Brown,&nbsp;Amie J Goodin","doi":"10.1159/000515871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000515871","url":null,"abstract":"aConsortium for Medical Marijuana Clinical Outcomes Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; bDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; cDepartment of Pharmaceutical Outcomes & Policy, Center for Drug Evaluation and Safety (CoDES), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA Received: February 19, 2021 Accepted: March 13, 2021 Published online: May 5, 2021","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"4 1","pages":"67-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000515871","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39565254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Mapping Literature Review of Medical Cannabis Clinical Outcomes and Quality of Evidence in Approved Conditions in the USA from 2016 to 2019.","authors":"Sebastian Jugl,&nbsp;Aimalohi Okpeku,&nbsp;Brianna Costales,&nbsp;Earl J Morris,&nbsp;Golnoosh Alipour-Haris,&nbsp;Juan M Hincapie-Castillo,&nbsp;Nichole E Stetten,&nbsp;Ruba Sajdeya,&nbsp;Shailina Keshwani,&nbsp;Verlin Joseph,&nbsp;Yahan Zhang,&nbsp;Yun Shen,&nbsp;Lauren Adkins,&nbsp;Almut G Winterstein,&nbsp;Amie Goodin","doi":"10.1159/000515069","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000515069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2017, a National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) report comprehensively evaluated the body of evidence regarding cannabis health effects through the year 2016. The objectives of this study are to identify and map the most recently (2016-2019) published literature across approved conditions for medical cannabis and to evaluate the quality of identified recent systematic reviews, published following the NASEM report. Following the literature search from 5 databases and consultation with experts, 11 conditions were identified for evidence compilation and evaluation: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, autism, cancer, chronic noncancer pain, Crohn's disease, epilepsy, glaucoma, human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS, multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease, and posttraumatic stress disorder. A total of 198 studies were included after screening for condition-specific relevance and after imposing the following exclusion criteria: preclinical focus, non-English language, abstracts only, editorials/commentary, case studies/series, and non-U.S. study setting. Data extracted from studies included: study design type, outcome definition, intervention definition, sample size, study setting, and reported effect size. Few completed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified. Studies classified as systematic reviews were graded using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews-2 tool to evaluate the quality of evidence. Few high-quality systematic reviews were available for most conditions, with the exceptions of MS (9 of 9 graded moderate/high quality; evidence for 2/9 indicating cannabis improved outcomes; evidence for 7/9 indicating cannabis inconclusive), epilepsy (3 of 4 graded moderate/high quality; 3 indicating cannabis improved outcomes; 1 indicating cannabis inconclusive), and chronic noncancer pain (12 of 13 graded moderate/high quality; evidence for 7/13 indicating cannabis improved outcomes; evidence from 6/7 indicating cannabis inconclusive). Among RCTs, we identified few studies of substantial rigor and quality to contribute to the evidence base. However, there are some conditions for which significant evidence suggests that select dosage forms and routes of administration likely have favorable risk-benefit ratios (i.e., epilepsy and chronic noncancer pain). The body of evidence for medical cannabis requires more rigorous evaluation before consideration as a treatment option for many conditions, and evidence necessary to inform policy and treatment guidelines is currently insufficient for many conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"4 1","pages":"21-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000515069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39539409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introducing Commentary Series: \"Evidence in Context\".","authors":"Amie J Goodin,&nbsp;Almut G Winterstein,&nbsp;Robert C Cook,&nbsp;Yan Wang,&nbsp;Joshua D Brown","doi":"10.1159/000512684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000512684","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"4 1","pages":"61-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000512684","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39539406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence in Context: High Risk of Bias in Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoid Clinical Trials Dictates the Need for Cautious Interpretation.","authors":"Joshua D Brown,&nbsp;Amie J Goodin","doi":"10.1159/000514732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000514732","url":null,"abstract":"• Studies designed as randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are intended to produce high-quality evidence and are crucial tools in the assessment of medical cannabis and cannabinoid efficacy and safety. However, high risk of bias was demonstrated by the majority of medical cannabis and cannabinoid RCTs in a comprehensive meta-analysis. Risk of bias makes it difficult to interpret and apply findings from these studies. • Risk of bias introduced into and observed in cannabis RCTs warrants scrutiny, and standardized tools are recommended when reviewing RCT reports of findings. Clinical practice should ideally be altered only when sufficient evidence is available and an understanding of the “levels of scientific evidence” and common limitations to RCTs should be communicated to clinicians. • Patients should be informed that no RCT should influence their behaviors. Open lines of communication with their physicians and other healthcare providers can help facilitate more informed consumption of media coverage and other dissemination of research findings.","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"4 1","pages":"63-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000514732","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39539408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographics, Perceptions, and Use of Medical Marijuana among Patients in Florida.","authors":"Martha S Rosenthal,&nbsp;R Nathan Pipitone","doi":"10.1159/000512342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000512342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medical marijuana (MMJ) is currently legal in 35 US states, with an estimated 3.6 million state-legal medical cannabis patients. Although there are currently over 440,000 MMJ patients in the state of Florida, there are limited data on their demographics, reasons and patterns of use, and successes or failures of treatment. The goal of this study is to examine the demographics, perceptions, and use of medical cannabis among patients in Florida, as well as their perceptions of the quality of information received from physicians and dispensaries. One hundred and fifty-seven MMJ patients completed an online survey regarding their characteristics and use. Patients in Florida shared many characteristics with patients in other states, such as race, use frequency, and administration technique. Patients most commonly used MMJ to treat their symptoms of anxiety, pain, and stress and reported great therapeutic effectiveness. A majority (65%) of patients also reported either a reduction or total discontinuation of at least one prescription or over-the-counter drug. The findings highlight the need to further investigate the use of MMJ as a viable treatment for pain and anxiety and to improve access of quality cannabis information to patients, physicians, and dispensary employees.</p>","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"4 1","pages":"13-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000512342","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39539405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role and Function of Endocannabinoid System in Major Depressive Disease.","authors":"Erhan Yarar","doi":"10.1159/000511979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000511979","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a neuromodulator system with a crucial role in CNS and the reaction to endogenous and exogenous compounds and inflammation. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a basic part of the ECS which is the overwhelming causative and/or protective factor of major depressive disease (MDD). CBD interacts with brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) that responds to inflammation, dysregulations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and many more imbalances in MDD patients for which the ECS is a vital part to analyze, diagnose, and reflect the treatment. The ECS and MDD appear to have strong connections and interactions, so interest in ECS and CBD use in MDD patients is developing as a rescue resort.</p>","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000511979","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39539404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Cannabis for Medical Purposes in the Arab World.","authors":"Bader H Shirah,&nbsp;Mohammed M Ahmed","doi":"10.1159/000510824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000510824","url":null,"abstract":"The legal landscape of cannabis (marijuana) has dramatically changed over the past few years in several countries worldwide. Many patients now have legal access to products derived from cannabis. In the Middle East, Lebanon became the first Arab country to legalize cannabis for medical and industrial use recently in 2020. Other Middle Eastern and Arab countries continue to completely ban the use of cannabis and products derived from cannabis. This article is a call to conduct medical research in the use of cannabis for medical purposes to determine the suitability and need for this substance in the Arab world. Based on these studies, evidence-based recommendations can be made to the highest authorities in the Arab countries for legalization or continued prohibition. As the international use of cannabis is increasing, the Arab countries may consider legalization of the substance to cover the unmet medical need and offer an additional treatment option for certain conditions.","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"4 1","pages":"72-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000510824","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39565255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts - 5th International Medical Cannabis Conference (CannX 2020), Virtual, October 26-28, 2020","authors":"V. Gyarmathy","doi":"10.1159/000511664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000511664","url":null,"abstract":"Scientific Advisory Committee David (Dedi) Meiri Ph.D, Head of Scientific Advisory Board, Assistant Professor, Heads the ‘Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Cannabinoid Research’ Technion, Institute of Technology, Israel Raquel Peyraube M.D., Director of the Diploma Endocannabinology, Cannabis and Cannabinoids, Rosario National University, Uruguay Orit Stolar M.D., Pediatric Neurologist, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Israel Yuval (Tuby) Zolotov Ph.D, Senior Research Associate, Regional Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel Med Cannabis Cannabinoids 2020;3:132–142 Published online: October 22, 2020 DOI: 10.1159/000511664 Basel · Freiburg · Hartford · Oxford · Bangkok · Dubai · Kuala Lumpur · Melbourne · Mexico City · Moscow · New Delhi · Paris · Shanghai · Tokyo","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"3 1","pages":"132 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000511664","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43805639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}