Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids最新文献

{"title":"Priorities for Medical Marijuana Research from the Perspective of Physicians, Dispensary Owners/Staff, and Patients: A Survey Study","authors":"J. Jean-Jacques, Robert Cook, A. Winterstein, A. Goodin, Joshua D. Brown, S. Jugl, Yan Wang","doi":"10.1159/000518105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000518105","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: More patients are turning to medical marijuana as an alternative treatment, yet there are apparent knowledge gaps on the risk benefit of medical marijuana for a variety of indications. This study aimed to determine the priorities for medical marijuana research from the perspective of multiple stakeholders including patients, clinicians, and industry representatives. Methods: An anonymous survey was administered to attendees of the 2019 American Medical Marijuana Physicians Association annual meeting in Orlando, Florida. Respondents completed the survey on paper or smartphone via Qualtrics. The survey included questions on demographics and medical marijuana research priorities under the following broad categories: clinical conditions, safety issues, marijuana types, populations, and others. Results: Forty-six participants (56.5% female, mean age = 51.6 ± 14.1) responded to the survey. A majority were medical marijuana qualified physicians in Florida (56.5%), 30.5% other physicians or clinicians, and 21.7% medical marijuana patients (multiple choices allowed). The top conditions prioritized for research by this group were chronic pain, cancer, and anxiety, and the top priority safety issues were dosing/product choice, complications from smoking/vaping, and drug interactions. Regarding marijuana types, the group prioritized research on THC/CBD ratios, different modes of consumption, and terpenes. Conclusions: Findings from this survey indicate that medical marijuana stakeholders perceived a broad range of research topics as priorities. More research is needed to advance the evidence in these areas and provide guidance to patients, physicians, and the medical marijuana industry.","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"4 1","pages":"107 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43297109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Pharmacological Effects of Plant-Derived versus Synthetic Cannabidiol in Human Cell Lines","authors":"Ryan. Maguire, D. J. Wilkinson, T. England, S. O’Sullivan","doi":"10.1159/000517120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000517120","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cannabidiol (CBD) can be isolated from Cannabis sativa L. or synthetically produced. The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro effects of purified natural and synthetic CBD to establish any pharmacological differences or superiority between sources. Methods: Six purified samples of CBD were obtained, 4 of these were natural and 2 synthetic. The anticancer effects of CBD were assessed in a human ovarian cancer cell line (SKOV-3 cells). The neuroprotective effects of CBD were assessed in human pericytes in a model of stroke (oxygen glucose deprivation [OGD]). The ability of CBD to restore inflammation-induced intestinal permeability was assessed in differentiated human Caco-2 cells (a model of enterocytes). Results: (1) In proliferating and confluent SKOV-3 cells, all CBD samples similarly reduced resazurin metabolism as a marker of cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.001). (2) In pericytes exposed to OGD, all CBD samples similarly reduced cellular damage (measured by lactate dehydrogenase) at 24 h by 31–48% and reduced inflammation (measured by IL-6 secretion) by 30–53%. Attenuation of IL-6 was inhibited by 5HT1A receptor antagonism for all CBD sources. (3) In differentiated Caco-2 cells exposed to inflammation (TNFα and IFNγ, 10 ng/mL for 24 h), each CBD sample increased the speed of recovery of epithelial permeability compared to control (p < 0.05–0.001), which was inhibited by a CB1 receptor antagonist. Conclusion: Our results suggest that there is no pharmacological difference in vitro in the antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, or permeability effects of purified natural versus synthetic CBD. The purity and reliability of CBD samples, as well as the ultimate pharmaceutical preparation, should all be considered above the starting source of CBD in the development of new CBD medicines.","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"4 1","pages":"86 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48235817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabis and Cannabis Derivatives for Abdominal Pain Management in Inflammatory Bowel Disease","authors":"K. Bogale, W. Raup-Konsavage, Shannon Dalessio, K. Vrana, M. Coates","doi":"10.1159/000517425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000517425","url":null,"abstract":"For centuries, cannabis and its components have been used to manage a wide variety of symptoms associated with many illnesses. Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases are no exception in this regard. Individuals suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are among those who have sought out the ameliorating properties of this plant. As legal limitations of its use have eased, interest has grown from both patients and their providers regarding the potential of cannabis to be used in the clinical setting. Similarly, a growing number of animal and human studies have been undertaken to evaluate the impact of cannabis and cannabinoid signaling elements on the natural history of IBD and its associated complications. There is little clinical evidence supporting the ability of cannabis or related products to treat the GI inflammation underlying these disorders. However, 1 recurring theme from both animal and human studies is that these agents have a significant impact on several IBD-related symptoms, including abdominal pain. In this review, we discuss the role of cannabis and cannabinoid signaling in visceral pain perception, what is currently known regarding the efficacy of cannabis and its derivatives for managing pain, related symptoms and inflammation in IBD, and what work remains to effectively utilize cannabis and its derivatives in the clinical setting.","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"4 1","pages":"97 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000517425","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44363421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Much Ado about Dosing: The Needs and Challenges of Defining a Standardized Cannabis Unit.","authors":"Sebastian Jugl, Ruba Sajdeya, Earl J Morris, Amie J Goodin, Joshua D Brown","doi":"10.1159/000517154","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000517154","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"4 1","pages":"121-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8832202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44566984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabis, a Miracle Drug with Polyvalent Therapeutic Utility: Preclinical and Clinical-Based Evidence.","authors":"Rishabh Verma,&nbsp;Farazul Hoda,&nbsp;Mawrah Arshad,&nbsp;Asif Iqubal,&nbsp;Ali Nasir Siddiqui,&nbsp;Mohammad Ahmed Khan,&nbsp;Syed Ehtaishamul Haque,&nbsp;Mohd Akhtar,&nbsp;Abul Kalam Najmi","doi":"10.1159/000515042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000515042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. is an annual herbaceous dioecious plant which was first cultivated by agricultural human societies in Asia. Over the period of time, various parts of the plant like leaf, flower, and seed were used for recreational as well as therapeutic purposes. The main chemical components of <i>Cannabis sativa</i> are termed as cannabinoids, among them the key psychoactive constituent is Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol (CBD) as active nonpsychotic constituent. Upon doing extensive literature review, it was found that cannabis has been widely studied for a number of disorders. Very recently, a pure CBD formulation, named Epidiolex, got a green flag from both United States Food and Drug Administration and Drug Enforcement Administration for 2 rare types of epilepsies. This laid a milestone in medical cannabis research. This review intends to give a basic and extensive assessment, from past till present, of the ethnological, plant, chemical, pharmacological, and legal aspects of <i>C. sativa</i>. Further, this review contemplates the evidence the studies obtained of cannabis components on Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, emesis, epilepsy, chronic pain, and cancer as a cytotoxic agent as well as a palliative therapy. The assessment in this study was done by reviewing in extensive details from studies on historical importance, ethnopharmacological aspects, and legal grounds of <i>C. sativa</i> from extensive literature available on the scientific databases, with a vision for elevating further pharmaceutical research to investigate its total potential as a therapeutic agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"4 1","pages":"43-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000515042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39539407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perinatal Cannabis Exposures and Autism Spectrum Disorders.","authors":"Ruba Sajdeya,&nbsp;Joshua D Brown,&nbsp;Amie J Goodin","doi":"10.1159/000515871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000515871","url":null,"abstract":"aConsortium for Medical Marijuana Clinical Outcomes Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; bDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; cDepartment of Pharmaceutical Outcomes & Policy, Center for Drug Evaluation and Safety (CoDES), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA Received: February 19, 2021 Accepted: March 13, 2021 Published online: May 5, 2021","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"4 1","pages":"67-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000515871","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39565254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Mapping Literature Review of Medical Cannabis Clinical Outcomes and Quality of Evidence in Approved Conditions in the USA from 2016 to 2019.","authors":"Sebastian Jugl,&nbsp;Aimalohi Okpeku,&nbsp;Brianna Costales,&nbsp;Earl J Morris,&nbsp;Golnoosh Alipour-Haris,&nbsp;Juan M Hincapie-Castillo,&nbsp;Nichole E Stetten,&nbsp;Ruba Sajdeya,&nbsp;Shailina Keshwani,&nbsp;Verlin Joseph,&nbsp;Yahan Zhang,&nbsp;Yun Shen,&nbsp;Lauren Adkins,&nbsp;Almut G Winterstein,&nbsp;Amie Goodin","doi":"10.1159/000515069","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000515069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2017, a National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) report comprehensively evaluated the body of evidence regarding cannabis health effects through the year 2016. The objectives of this study are to identify and map the most recently (2016-2019) published literature across approved conditions for medical cannabis and to evaluate the quality of identified recent systematic reviews, published following the NASEM report. Following the literature search from 5 databases and consultation with experts, 11 conditions were identified for evidence compilation and evaluation: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, autism, cancer, chronic noncancer pain, Crohn's disease, epilepsy, glaucoma, human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS, multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease, and posttraumatic stress disorder. A total of 198 studies were included after screening for condition-specific relevance and after imposing the following exclusion criteria: preclinical focus, non-English language, abstracts only, editorials/commentary, case studies/series, and non-U.S. study setting. Data extracted from studies included: study design type, outcome definition, intervention definition, sample size, study setting, and reported effect size. Few completed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified. Studies classified as systematic reviews were graded using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews-2 tool to evaluate the quality of evidence. Few high-quality systematic reviews were available for most conditions, with the exceptions of MS (9 of 9 graded moderate/high quality; evidence for 2/9 indicating cannabis improved outcomes; evidence for 7/9 indicating cannabis inconclusive), epilepsy (3 of 4 graded moderate/high quality; 3 indicating cannabis improved outcomes; 1 indicating cannabis inconclusive), and chronic noncancer pain (12 of 13 graded moderate/high quality; evidence for 7/13 indicating cannabis improved outcomes; evidence from 6/7 indicating cannabis inconclusive). Among RCTs, we identified few studies of substantial rigor and quality to contribute to the evidence base. However, there are some conditions for which significant evidence suggests that select dosage forms and routes of administration likely have favorable risk-benefit ratios (i.e., epilepsy and chronic noncancer pain). The body of evidence for medical cannabis requires more rigorous evaluation before consideration as a treatment option for many conditions, and evidence necessary to inform policy and treatment guidelines is currently insufficient for many conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"4 1","pages":"21-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000515069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39539409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introducing Commentary Series: \"Evidence in Context\".","authors":"Amie J Goodin,&nbsp;Almut G Winterstein,&nbsp;Robert C Cook,&nbsp;Yan Wang,&nbsp;Joshua D Brown","doi":"10.1159/000512684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000512684","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"4 1","pages":"61-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000512684","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39539406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence in Context: High Risk of Bias in Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoid Clinical Trials Dictates the Need for Cautious Interpretation.","authors":"Joshua D Brown,&nbsp;Amie J Goodin","doi":"10.1159/000514732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000514732","url":null,"abstract":"• Studies designed as randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are intended to produce high-quality evidence and are crucial tools in the assessment of medical cannabis and cannabinoid efficacy and safety. However, high risk of bias was demonstrated by the majority of medical cannabis and cannabinoid RCTs in a comprehensive meta-analysis. Risk of bias makes it difficult to interpret and apply findings from these studies. • Risk of bias introduced into and observed in cannabis RCTs warrants scrutiny, and standardized tools are recommended when reviewing RCT reports of findings. Clinical practice should ideally be altered only when sufficient evidence is available and an understanding of the “levels of scientific evidence” and common limitations to RCTs should be communicated to clinicians. • Patients should be informed that no RCT should influence their behaviors. Open lines of communication with their physicians and other healthcare providers can help facilitate more informed consumption of media coverage and other dissemination of research findings.","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"4 1","pages":"63-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000514732","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39539408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographics, Perceptions, and Use of Medical Marijuana among Patients in Florida.","authors":"Martha S Rosenthal,&nbsp;R Nathan Pipitone","doi":"10.1159/000512342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000512342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medical marijuana (MMJ) is currently legal in 35 US states, with an estimated 3.6 million state-legal medical cannabis patients. Although there are currently over 440,000 MMJ patients in the state of Florida, there are limited data on their demographics, reasons and patterns of use, and successes or failures of treatment. The goal of this study is to examine the demographics, perceptions, and use of medical cannabis among patients in Florida, as well as their perceptions of the quality of information received from physicians and dispensaries. One hundred and fifty-seven MMJ patients completed an online survey regarding their characteristics and use. Patients in Florida shared many characteristics with patients in other states, such as race, use frequency, and administration technique. Patients most commonly used MMJ to treat their symptoms of anxiety, pain, and stress and reported great therapeutic effectiveness. A majority (65%) of patients also reported either a reduction or total discontinuation of at least one prescription or over-the-counter drug. The findings highlight the need to further investigate the use of MMJ as a viable treatment for pain and anxiety and to improve access of quality cannabis information to patients, physicians, and dispensary employees.</p>","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"4 1","pages":"13-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000512342","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39539405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}