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The Effect of the Selection of a Function Approximating Static Characteristics on the Modelling of Electric Arc 选取近似静态特性的函数对电弧建模的影响
Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.17729/EBIS.2020.6/4
A. Sawicki
{"title":"The Effect of the Selection of a Function Approximating Static Characteristics on the Modelling of Electric Arc","authors":"A. Sawicki","doi":"10.17729/EBIS.2020.6/4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17729/EBIS.2020.6/4","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents selected tapering functions useful when creating hybrid models and functions approximating static current-voltage characteristics of arc. The research work involved the formation and verification of families of static current-voltage characteristics with defined values of voltage ignition and the extension of approximating possibilities of the formulas through the use of tapering functions. The effective use of various functions approximating static characteristics in the modelling of dynamic states in the circuit with electric arc was verified through simulation.","PeriodicalId":184101,"journal":{"name":"Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117287594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of the Material Structure on the Noise Level in Phased Array Ultrasonic Tests 相控阵超声检测中材料结构对噪声级的影响
Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.17729/EBIS.2020.6/6
K. Kaczmarek, Leszek Grolik
{"title":"Effect of the Material Structure on the Noise Level in Phased Array Ultrasonic Tests","authors":"K. Kaczmarek, Leszek Grolik","doi":"10.17729/EBIS.2020.6/6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17729/EBIS.2020.6/6","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents results of tests performed to determine the noise level in ultrasonic Phased Array testing. The tests, involving non-alloy steel S355 and austenitic steel X5CrNi18-10, were carried out applying a frequently used test configuration and 16-element 5 MHz array probes having an aperture of 10 mm ×10 mm. The obtainment of a differentiated structure, i.e. characterised by various grain sizes, required the performance of special heat treatment processes. Metallographic tests, concerning both steel grades, were performed to quantify the grain size. Specimens containing artificially made SDH Ø3 cylindrical reflectors and spherical reflectors having various diameters were made of the material prepared in the above-presented manner. The tests also involved amplitude measurements and the identification of the noise level of the reflectors. The test results enabled the quantitative determination of the signal-noise ratio, affecting the detection of low-amplitude indications.","PeriodicalId":184101,"journal":{"name":"Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa","volume":"38 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123673522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Analysis of the Post-Operation Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Similar Welded Joint 类似焊接接头事后组织与力学性能分析
Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.17729/EBIS.2020.6/3
A. Merda, Klaudia Klimaszewska
{"title":"The Analysis of the Post-Operation Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Similar Welded Joint","authors":"A. Merda, Klaudia Klimaszewska","doi":"10.17729/EBIS.2020.6/3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17729/EBIS.2020.6/3","url":null,"abstract":"The test material was a specimen sampled from sections of a pipe operated for 41,914 hours at a temperature of 575°C and under a steam pressure of 28.2 MPa. The specimen subjected to metallurgical tests was a welded joint made of austenitic steel TP347HFG. The non-destructive tests and the macroscopic tests confirmed the lack of any welding imperfections. The test joint represented quality level B in accordance with related standard requirements. The microstructural tests of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) revealed the presence of the fine-grained austenitic structure with numerous precipitates on grain boundaries – probably M23C6 carbides. In spite of long-lasting operation, the mechanical properties of the test welded joint were high and did not exceed the standard-related requirements concerning the base material.","PeriodicalId":184101,"journal":{"name":"Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129277576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hardfacing of Copper 堆焊铜
Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.17729/EBIS.2020.6/1
A. Babinets, I. Ryabtsev, I. Ryabtsev, E. Turyk, E. F. Perepletchikov, I. P. Lentyugov
{"title":"Hardfacing of Copper","authors":"A. Babinets, I. Ryabtsev, I. Ryabtsev, E. Turyk, E. F. Perepletchikov, I. P. Lentyugov","doi":"10.17729/EBIS.2020.6/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17729/EBIS.2020.6/1","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the primary issues of the hardfacing of copper elements exposed to intense abrasive wear, gas-abrasive wear at high temperature and in contact with liquid metal. In addition, the article presents test results concerning the surfacing of copper grade M1 performed using a self-shielded flux-cored wire providing weld deposit Fe14 and plasma powder surfacing performed using powder providing weld deposit Ni3 (in accordance with EN 14700).","PeriodicalId":184101,"journal":{"name":"Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128699096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Analysis of the Microstructure of Welded Joints in Steel P5 after Service P5钢使用后焊接接头组织分析
Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.17729/ebis.2020.5/1
A. Merda, G. Golański, P. Wieczorek, K. Staszałek
{"title":"The Analysis of the Microstructure of Welded Joints in Steel P5 after Service","authors":"A. Merda, G. Golański, P. Wieczorek, K. Staszałek","doi":"10.17729/ebis.2020.5/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17729/ebis.2020.5/1","url":null,"abstract":"The material subjected to the tests discussed in the article was a section of a welded joint made of bainitic steel P5. The joint subjected to analysis was sampled from a pipe section exposed to the effect of elevated temperature for more than 96 000 hours. The metallurgical tests revealed a relatively low degree of the degradation of the test joint. The microstructure contained retained bainite and precipitates of various morphology. The identification of precipitates revealed the presence of M23C6 and M2C precipitates in the joint. The M23C6 carbides were observed along the boundaries of former austenite grains. The above-named identification of precipitates also revealed the presence of M2C and M23C6 C6 carbides within the grains/laths. The insignificant exhaustion of the joint microstructure might be ascribed to the fact that the joint was subjected to relatively low temperature for a relatively short time.","PeriodicalId":184101,"journal":{"name":"Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa","volume":"2003 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128717448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Deep-Penetration Welding as a Method for Saving Materials and Increasing the Load-Carrying Capacity of Welded Structures 深熔焊接是一种节省材料和提高焊接结构承载能力的方法
Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.17729/ebis.2020.5/2
K. Kudła, K. Wojsyk, K. Makles
{"title":"Deep-Penetration Welding as a Method for Saving Materials and Increasing the Load-Carrying Capacity of Welded Structures","authors":"K. Kudła, K. Wojsyk, K. Makles","doi":"10.17729/ebis.2020.5/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17729/ebis.2020.5/2","url":null,"abstract":"The study presents possible savings resulting from the use of deep-penetration welding processes in the fabrication of welded structures. The study-related tests revealed 80% savings of filler metals and the 50% reduction of welding distortions without compromising the maximum load-carrying capacity of welded joints. The tests involved steel grades S355J2, S460NL, S700MC, S690QL and 450HBW (Hardox) having thicknesses restricted within the range of 8 mm to 20 mm as well as filler metal grades G4Si1 and G69.","PeriodicalId":184101,"journal":{"name":"Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124097602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Selected Aspects of Ultrasonic Testing of Difficult Materials 难处理材料超声检测的若干方面
Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.17729/ebis.2020.5/4
Łukasz Rawicki, J. Słania
{"title":"Selected Aspects of Ultrasonic Testing of Difficult Materials","authors":"Łukasz Rawicki, J. Słania","doi":"10.17729/ebis.2020.5/4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17729/ebis.2020.5/4","url":null,"abstract":"Welding is considered as a “Special Process”, which means that its quality cannot be readily verified and its successful application requires specialist management, personnel and procedures. It is important to conduct proper testing of the welded joints, including volumetric testing. In this case there are conducted ultrasonic testing, which enable detecting volumetric discontinuities. Ultrasonic testing meets many problems while testing joints with large anisotropy. The problems are caused by the physical phenomena, e.g. transformation, dispersion and absorption of the wave. It is connected with the structure of the material, which cause different propagation of the ultrasonic beam. The article presents the review of the factors affecting the quality of ultrasonic testing.","PeriodicalId":184101,"journal":{"name":"Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116634854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Welding of Joints in New Generation Martensitic Steel THOR®115 新一代马氏体钢THOR®115接头的焊接
Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.17729/ebis.2020.5/3
K. Kwieciński, M. Urzynicok, A. Ferrara, Valentin V. Barsan
{"title":"Welding of Joints in New Generation Martensitic Steel THOR®115","authors":"K. Kwieciński, M. Urzynicok, A. Ferrara, Valentin V. Barsan","doi":"10.17729/ebis.2020.5/3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17729/ebis.2020.5/3","url":null,"abstract":"The present development of materials used in the power engineering industry for elements of boilers characterised by supercritical parameters creates new challenges for the welding engineering sector. The implementation of new combinations of alloying agents aimed to obtain the most favourable mechanical properties, including creep resistance and oxidation resistance, does affect the weldability of steels. Martensitic steels containing 9% of Cr are characterised by high creep resistance and low oxidation resistance at temperature exceeding 600°C. In turn, steels containing 12% of Cr, i.e. VM12-SHC or X20CrMoV12-1, are characterised by significantly higher oxidation resistance but lower strength at higher temperature. In 2018, Tenaris (an Italian concern) developed new steel containing 12% of Cr and designated as THOR®115 (Tenaris High Oxidation Resistance). This article presents experience gained when making welded joints of pipes using various filler metals (W CrMo91, S Ni 6082 and EPRI P87). The research work included the performance of a series of non-destructive tests (VT, PT and RT) as well as destructive tests (tensile tests, bend tests, hardness measurements and macro and microscopic metallographic tests) aimed to confirm the high quality of the joints.","PeriodicalId":184101,"journal":{"name":"Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129505017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Use of Arc Welding Processes in the Additive Manufacturing of Metallic Products 弧焊工艺在金属产品增材制造中的应用
Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.17729/ebis.2020.5/5
K. Pańcikiewicz
{"title":"The Use of Arc Welding Processes in the Additive Manufacturing of Metallic Products","authors":"K. Pańcikiewicz","doi":"10.17729/ebis.2020.5/5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17729/ebis.2020.5/5","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents examples of additive manufactured products obtained using MIG /MAG welding processes (13). The research-related tests revealed that it is possible to make products of unalloyed steels having the structure similar to castings subjected to heat treatment. Products made of maraging steel require homogenising (heat treatment). It is possible to produce bimetallic products, e.g. unalloyed steel-bronze.","PeriodicalId":184101,"journal":{"name":"Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa","volume":"737 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116991853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effect of a Welding Technology on the Abrasive Wear Resistance of Joints in Abrasion-Resistant Plates 一种焊接工艺对耐磨板接头磨料耐磨性的影响
Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.17729/ebis.2020.5/6
M. Szymura, A. Czupryński
{"title":"The Effect of a Welding Technology on the Abrasive Wear Resistance of Joints in Abrasion-Resistant Plates","authors":"M. Szymura, A. Czupryński","doi":"10.17729/ebis.2020.5/6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17729/ebis.2020.5/6","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents results of tests concerning the metal-mineral abrasive wear resistance of butt welded joints with abrasion-resistance overlay weld HARDPLATE 100S 5+3 made using a covered electrode with the solid core and the flux core as well as a self-shielded flux-cored wire. The significance of the above-named effect was determined using a completely randomized design. The scope of tests also included the analysis of the chemical and phase compositions, hardness measurements as well as the macro and microscopic metallographic tests of welded joints in abrasion-resistant plates.","PeriodicalId":184101,"journal":{"name":"Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa","volume":"215 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115814208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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