{"title":"Solvent-Free Approach for Performance Regulation in Transparent Waterborne Polyurethane Acrylate Dispersions Through Excessive Neutralization","authors":"Guyue Hu, Zijian Zhang, Hongxiang Qian, Qirun Wang, Jichao Shi, Shufang Chang, Runping Jia, Xiaowei Xu","doi":"10.1002/app.56378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56378","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The conventional use of the acetone method for waterborne polyurethane acrylate(WPUA) preparation encounters challenges in completely eliminating volatile organic compound emissions, presenting obstacles to meeting potentially stricter emission standards in the future. This work investigated the possibility of preparing WPUA using the acetone method without organic solvents. For the first time, it was found that excessive neutralizing agents can contribute to the performance regulation of WPUA dispersions by inhibiting the crystallization of polyurethane hard chain segments under the condition of a large number of urethane end chain segments. The conditions under which performance regulation can occur were verified through comparative experiments and density functional theory simulations. The research results demonstrate the successful preparation of a highly transparent WPUA dispersion with a particle size of 47.92 nm, a polydispersity of 0.032, a solid content of 44.12 wt%, and a rotational viscosity of 169.27 mPa·s. The membrane prepared by this dispersion exhibited a tensile strength of 30.51 MPa and a significantly low degree of swelling. This study emphasizes the scalability and universality of the proposed methods, highlighting their long-term significance, potential for industrial production, and contribution to establishing a more environmentally friendly and sustainable future.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ian Pelse, Zach D. Seibers, John R. Reynolds, Meisha L. Shofner
{"title":"Assessing the Integrity of N95 Mask Elastomer Straps With Decontamination and Reuse","authors":"Ian Pelse, Zach D. Seibers, John R. Reynolds, Meisha L. Shofner","doi":"10.1002/app.56647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56647","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The rapid progression of the COVID-19 pandemic revealed an inability to meet increased demand for N95 respirators. These respirators are designed to be used once and disposed, but throughout the pandemic, there was a need for their decontamination and reuse. This research investigates the effect of various decontamination methods on the chemical and mechanical properties of N95 mask straps made of natural rubber to explore how these straps change after decontamination and what materials characterization techniques are well-suited to evaluate these changes. Using results from ozone decontamination, tensile testing of mask strap assemblies is identified as the most reliable way to quantify changes in strap properties with decontamination and reuse when compared to other analytical techniques. Additionally, visible strap degradation often precedes both strap failure and material property changes and can be a reasonable indicator to discontinue use. Aside from ozone, decontamination with other methods such as heat and UV light appears to be less damaging to the tested materials. Beyond the specific results presented, this study provides insight on testing strategies that can be employed to move forward with evaluating new materials and decontamination methods for use in future pandemics or in more resource-limited regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/app.56647","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to “Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of High-Performing Anticorrosive Polyurethane Coatings With Inbuilt Redoxable Oligomeric Aniline Segments” E. P. Paradhakshina, R. Arukula, A. Palanisamy, R. Narayan, and C. R. K. Rao. “Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of High-Performing Anticorrosive Polyurethane Coatings With Inbuilt Redoxable Oligomeric Aniline Segments,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science 140, no. 40 (2023): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.54507.","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/app.56650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56650","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <b>Correction 1:</b>\u0000 </p><p>Details given for “Section <b>2.3.1 | In the synthesis of PU-DCTA and PU-DCTAni on</b> Page 3 were partially wrong.</p><p>\u0000 <b>Correction 2:</b>\u0000 </p><p>Details given for “<b>section 3.3.1,”</b> the existing Figure 3a has the same CV data for PU-DCTA 50% as the one presented for PU-DCTAni 50% in Figure 3b.</p><p>\u0000 <b>Correction 3:</b>\u0000 </p><p>Details given for text in “Section <b>3.6.2 | XPS analysis on</b> Page 13 (rows 12 and 13) were not matched with Figure 10.</p><p>\u0000 <b>Note: The above corrections will not affect any of the presented results and conclusions</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/app.56650","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hua Tian, YaChao Wang, DongZhao Lu, JiangPing Zhao, Jin Xie
{"title":"Fumed Silica Enhances the Flame Retardancy of Ammonium Polyphosphate/Urea/Di-Pentaerythritol Doped Silicone Acrylic Emulsion Coating","authors":"Hua Tian, YaChao Wang, DongZhao Lu, JiangPing Zhao, Jin Xie","doi":"10.1002/app.56620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56620","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, a new intumescent flame-retardant coating based on silicone-acrylic emulsion is prepared using KH550-modified fumed silica, ammonium polyphosphate, urea, and di-pentaerythritol. The cone calorimeter (CC) test demonstrates that 0.50 wt% fumed silica significantly improves the flame retardancy of the coating. Compared with the coating without fumed silica, 0.50 wt% fumed silica reduces the total heat release (THR) of the coating from 18.00 to 16.38 MW m<sup>−2</sup>, and the flame retardant index (FRI) increases from 1.00 to 2.03. Fumed silica enhances the strength of residues, as demonstrated by binding force compression curves and other tests. The yield force and compressive strength of residues increase by 91.26% and 94.12%, respectively. Moreover, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis shows that 0.50 wt% fumed silica enhances the thermal stability of the coating. In the pyrolysis kinetic analysis, the three-stage deceleration function (F<sub>3</sub>) is selected as the pyrolysis function. The activation energy (<i>E</i>\u0000 <sub>\u0000 <i>α</i>\u0000 </sub>) of the coating with 0.50 wt% fumed silica increases from 155.28 to 234.86 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> at 370°C–410°C. The above conclusions show that fumed silica has great potential to improve flame retardancy and provides a new strategy for expanding the research field of flame retardant coatings.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment of the Relaxation Time Under Controlled Shear Flow by Rheo-Optical Characterization","authors":"Felipe Bernardo, Sebastião Canevarolo","doi":"10.1002/app.56656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56656","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An attempt to study the relaxation characteristics of some polymers during a controlled shear flow is described in this paper. In polymers, optical properties can be used to estimate morphological changes under flow and, for this reason, are a trustful tool to evaluate relaxation time. This experiment consists of varying the shear rate imposed on polymeric systems of polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) while collecting the light signal isothermally at distinct temperatures. Then, birefringence is evaluated via an own built optical sensor by measuring the transmitted light intensity with crossed polarizers. Temperatures from 180°C to 220°C are performed and shear rates between 3 and 180 s<sup>−1</sup> are imposed on the samples in agreement with the rates implemented in a previous rheological characterization. Each polymer shows characteristic values of birefringence that intensify with the increase in shear imposed by the system. The relaxation time is directly influenced by temperature and shear, decreasing for higher shear rates and temperatures. The relaxation time values found with our optical apparatus are validated by rheometric measurements. The values in both techniques are very similar in the proposed range of temperature, showing the effectiveness of the technique detailed in this article.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Low-Temperature-Assisted Interfacial Polymerization Toward Wrinkle-Like Structured Thin-Film Nanocomposite Nanofiltration Membranes","authors":"Hongbao Gao, Xiaojuan Zhao, WeiWei Zhou, Xinwei Kang, Shuangcheng Xu, Hanyun Li, Junyan Hou, Daoji Wu, Jingtao Xu, Xiaozhen Lu","doi":"10.1002/app.56626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56626","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Confining the diffusion rate of aqueous amine monomers during interfacial polymerization (IP) via incorporating nanoparticles/macromolecules with special functional groups and/or creating an interlayer owning suitable properties is an attractive alternative to construct a polyamide (PA) nanofilm featuring unique surface morphologies. However, the fabrication of high-performance nanofiltration (NF) membranes with both special structural compositions and ultrathin PA separating layers is still a great challenge. Herein, a highly permeable, loose thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) NF membrane with wrinkle-like structures was fabricated by incorporating Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> nanosheets into the aqueous solution via a low-temperature IP strategy. The Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> nanosheet hindered the diffusion rate of aqueous monomers toward the reaction zone, whereas the low temperature of the oil phase enabled the confined transfer rate of oil monomers. Thus, the double monomers restricting strategy (DMR) greatly changed the interfacial reaction environment, contributing to forming a sub-15 nm PA film (TFC-Mi) with a wrinkle-structured surface. The TFC-Mi membranes exhibited larger pore size and stronger Donnan exclusion, resulting in 98.6% of Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> rejection and high water permeance of 26.3 LMH/bar. The long-term filtration test further evidenced its great performance stability. The DMR-assisted IP owned great promise in tailoring high-performance loose TFN NF membranes for environmental water applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huimin Dai, Jian Lan, Zou He, Liyin Zhang, Ying Xiong, Shanshan Dai
{"title":"Preparation and Performance of Shear-Resistant and Fast-Dissolving Drag Reduction With Multiple Cross-Linking Effects","authors":"Huimin Dai, Jian Lan, Zou He, Liyin Zhang, Ying Xiong, Shanshan Dai","doi":"10.1002/app.56667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56667","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The development of shear-resistant drag reducer agent (DRA) is crucial for enhancing oil recovery, especially during high-speed pumping and fracturing processes where polymer networks are prone to damage, leading to the reduction of the drag reduction (DR) performance. To address this issue, the introduction of nano-silica into the polymer structure, while maintaining good DR, endows the DRA with better shear resistance and salt resistance through its unique cross-linking mode. In this study, a novel shear-resistant and fast-dissolving drag reducer was synthesized through free-radical polymerization using acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA), 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropyl sulfonic acid (AMPS) and KH570 modified nano-silica. The comprehensive properties of drag reducer were studied using conductivity and dissolution time test, microscopic morphology analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and rheological test. The results suggestion that the PAPO-10@SiO<sub>2</sub> exhibits outstanding characteristics, including rapid dissolution (4 min), excellent salt resistance (DR rate up to 80.41% at a polymer concentration of 500 mg/L) and nano-silica concentration of 1.5 wt%. Moreover, the mechanism of drag reduction was proposed that nano-silica connects the molecular chains through multiple cross-linking effects of chemical cross-linking and physical adsorption, which enhances the stability of the network structure and prevents the destruction of the molecular chain structure by shear force effectively (viscosity retention of 76.9% after shearing for 40 min at 90°C and 170 s<sup>−1</sup>). In summary, this study provides valuable insights for developing polymers with both shear resistance and dissolution properties in aqueous solutions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis and Thermal Degradation Kinetics of PA6T/66 and PA6T/610 Copolyamides","authors":"Yuhao Yang, Zejun Pu, Jiachun Zhong, Chihan Meng, Qiuxia Peng, Dayang Yu, Pan Zheng","doi":"10.1002/app.56668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56668","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PA6T is one of the most typical high-temperature resistant polyamides, which is widely used in military, transportation and communication fields. As an engineering plastic, thermal stability is a very important point, although there are many studies on copolyamide PA6T, but the in-depth analysis of its heat resistance and thermal degradation process is rarely studied. Therefore, two copolyamides, PA6T/66 and PA6T/610, were synthesized by high temperature and high pressure solution polycondensation method, and their thermal degradation processes and kinetic mechanisms were analyzed in depth. Firstly, the structure and composition of both were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (<sup>1</sup>H NMR). The results showed that copolyamide was synthesized successfully. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and thermogravimetric infrared comprehensive analysis (TG-IR) were used to analyze the heat resistance and degradation products of the two copolyamides PA6T. The results of TGA showed that the initial decomposition temperature of the two copolyamides was about 400°C, and the temperature of PA6T/610 was slightly higher. TG-IR results showed that both copolyamides maintained good thermal stability before 350°C, without the generation of degradation products and their corresponding obvious characteristic absorption peaks. Thermal decomposition products increased significantly at about 400°C, and gradually became complete after 450°C. By comparing the Kissinger method, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method (FWO), and Coats-Redfern method (CR), the thermal degradation activation energy and kinetic reaction mechanism of the two copolyamides were obtained.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stimuli-Responsive Polyurethane Actuator Triggered by Light and Heat Reinforced With Disulfide Bonds","authors":"Zhi-Hui Ren, Zhishuai Cui, Naqi Li, Xiaolei Yue, Yujie Zhang, Peng Li, Wen Zeng, Zheng-Hui Guan","doi":"10.1002/app.56629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56629","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The photoisomerization behavior of mesogenic azobenzene makes it possible to convert light energy into mechanical action. However, achieving durability, configurability, and flexibility of light-responsive actuators for artificial intelligence applications remains challenging. Here, a light responsive polyurethane (AzoPU-SS) with remarkable anti-fatigue and anti-stress properties has been synthesized through the combination of dynamic disulfide bonds and mesogenic azobenzene functional groups. The AzoPU-SS film demonstrated excellent photo-induced bending, under ultraviolet (UV) light exposure, indicating effective transfer of molecular deformation from the microscopic to the macroscopic level. Moreover, the AzoPU-SS material's elongation at break was greatly increased, due to the dynamic and reversible nature of the flexible S-S and H bonds, enabling the coordinated motion of azobenzene groups and producing significant deformation. Such a reinforced strategy could be used to design smart actuators with superior stretchability and toughness, helping to broaden the applications of light-responsive actuator materials.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Flammability Performance of Ceramifiable Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Composites With Needle-Like Wollastonite","authors":"Zhikun Jiang, Zijian Chen, Yingying An, Siqi Wang, Ting Li, Wei Yang, Hongdian Lu, Chunxiang Wei","doi":"10.1002/app.56664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56664","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ceramifiable flame retardant polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composites were successfully fabricated using solution blending and hot pressing, incorporating needle-like wollastonite (WT), zinc borate (ZB), aluminum hydroxide (ATH), and glass powder (GP) as fillers. The thermal, mechanical, and flame retardant properties, along with the ceramization behavior of the composites, were thoroughly characterized. The findings demonstrate that WT is more effective than conventional lamellar mica in enhancing both tensile strength and flame retardancy, as well as promoting ceramization. The optimized PDMS/WT/ZB/ATH/GP system passed the UL-94V-0 rating and exhibited an increased limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 28.5%. Cone calorimetry results indicated that WT effectively reduced the peak heat release rate and delayed ignition of the composites. The flame retardant mechanism is mainly attributed to the WT with a high aspect ratio, which serves as a sintering aid, accelerates the eutectic reaction, and promotes the formation of a ceramic barrier at lower temperatures by reducing the resistance to liquid-phase migration.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}