Journal of Applied Polymer Science最新文献

{"title":"The Impact of Ionic Liquids on the Thermomechanical and Biological Properties of Polymer-CNT Composites","authors":"Aqeel Ahmad,&nbsp;Masooma Nazar,&nbsp;Hamayoun Mahmood,&nbsp;Faiza Sharif,&nbsp;Othman Charles S. Al-Hamouz,&nbsp;Muhammad Moniruzzaman","doi":"10.1002/app.56757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56757","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composites that incorporate hydroxyapatite (HA) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) exhibit significant potential for biomedical applications. Despite this, getting MWCNTs evenly distributed throughout the PEEK matrix remains challenging. This study investigates the effects of two ionic liquids (ILs) at varying quantities on the mechanical and biological characteristics of composites made of PEEK and MWCNTs. The concentrations of IL [EMIM]HSO₄ (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate) and IL [BMIM]Ac (1-methyl-3-butylimidazolium acetate) varied from 0.5 to 2 wt% to modify the MWCNTs. The modified MWCNTs were combined with PEEK and HA by melt-blending and thermal compression to create PEEK/MWCNTs/HA composite sheets. FESEM and optical micrographs showed ILs-modified MWCNTs dispersed homogeneously in PEEK. The composites of PEEK and MWCNTs that included 1 wt% [BMIM]Ac degraded at the maximum temperature (580.89°C) and provided the elastic modulus that was 35% greater than that of non-IL composites. The Alamar blue assay investigation confirmed that inclusion of HA to PEEK composites improved the cells viability (more than 80%). The results showed that ILs-based methods are environmentally friendly, and promising way to treat PEEK and HA for uniform MWCNTs dispersion, which could have future in biological applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Cooling Agent With Intelligent Response Long-Term Release Effect","authors":"Dongxu Liu,&nbsp;Wenxin Hu,&nbsp;Zhenlin Shang,&nbsp;Xiaojing Pei,&nbsp;Jinlong Sun,&nbsp;Li Zhou,&nbsp;Yifan He,&nbsp;Shujing Li,&nbsp;Zhaohui Qu,&nbsp;Ze Zhang","doi":"10.1002/app.56764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56764","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Coolant, a general term for all chemical substances that produce a cooling effect without strong medicinal properties. Currently reported coolants are generally used as additives directly in food and daily chemicals. Here we pioneered a responsive nanoscale formulation to improve the application limitations of coolants. The cooling agent consists of 1,3-propanediol, high-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose(H-HPC), and three coolants, utilizing H-HPC as the polymer shell that encapsulates and releases the coolants. It has long-lasting release properties and can be released immediately upon contact with water through the vesicle structure formed by H-HPC. The cooling agent has a particle size between 20 and 60 nm, a pH between 6.16 and 7.28, a refractive index between 1.400 and 1.500, a viscosity between 1500 and 3000 mPa s, and a good stability without precipitation and delamination after centrifugation. Meanwhile, the cold stimulation neuron test shows the excellent performance of longer duration and better effect than menthol cooling sensation. Its good formulation application shows a better application prospect in cosmetics and light chemical industry.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promising Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Materials: Hybrid Fillers Reinforced Bio-Based Composites","authors":"Bedriye Ucpinar,&nbsp;Ayse Aytac","doi":"10.1002/app.56618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56618","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Electromagnetic pollution, also known as electromagnetic interference (EMI) issues, is a growing concern as electronic and telecommunication technologies advance. The resulting urgent demand for EMI shielding materials underscores the need for the development of high-performance, environmentally friendly shielding materials. Here, we assess the impact of multiscale carbon-based hybrid filler on the EMI shielding performance of polyamide 11/poly(lactic acid) composites. The effects of the amounts (0.5 to 5 wt%) of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanofillers in carbon fiber (CF)/GNP and CF/MWCNT-reinforced hybrid composites were comparatively investigated. The composites were fabricated through melt blending/compression molding and subsequently characterized in terms of morphological, fiber length, electrical properties, and EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE). Morphological imaging revealed a good adhesion between the fillers and the matrix, indicating a favorable interaction. The fiber length analysis demonstrated that fiber lengths were longer in CF/GNP hybrid composites than in CF/MWCNT. The EMI SE measurements showed the synergistic effects of the fillers in the X and Ku bands. The highest EMI SE values at 10 GHz and 16 GHz for the 20CF-5GNP composite were 34 and 40 dB, respectively.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coaxially Electrocentrifugally Spun Ciprofloxacin/Paclitaxel-Loaded Pullulan/PLGA Core/Sheath Nanofibers and Their In Vitro Cytotoxic Efficacy Toward Melanoma Cells","authors":"Kuhelika Das,&nbsp;Huaizhong Xu,&nbsp;Jincheng Gu,&nbsp;Shinichi Sakurai,&nbsp;Vikas Tiwari,&nbsp;Sanjay K. Banerjee,&nbsp;Vimal Katiyar","doi":"10.1002/app.56759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56759","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study focuses on the fabrication and characterization of ciprofloxacin (CIP)/paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded pullulan/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) core/sheath nanofibers using the highly efficient coaxial electrocentrifugal spinning (ECS) technique. In contrast to conventional coaxial electrospinning, the in-house developed coaxial ECS setup used in this study effectively tackled the nozzle cleaning issue. In this study, core/sheath nanofibers with varying core-to-sheath ratio were fabricated, demonstrating suitable mechanical properties for use in biomedical applications. The primary objective was to determine the effect of core-to-sheath ratio on mechanical properties and dual drug release kinetics of the nanofibers. Additionally, the in vitro drug release study demonstrated simultaneous release profiles of CIP from the core and PTX from the sheath. The nanofibers exhibited initial burst release of 6 h, followed by controlled release, making them suitable for targeted therapeutic applications. Moreover, the in vitro cytotoxicity analysis demonstrated enhanced cytotoxic efficacy of the combination of CIP and PTX toward human melanoma A375 cells. The dual drug-loaded 23G/1 mm and 21G/1 mm nanofibers demonstrated 65.37% ± 1.96% and 67.82% ± 1.31% melanoma cell viability after 72 h, indicating significant cytotoxicity. This further highlights the possible potentiality of the nanofibers toward melanoma treatment and their application as dual drug delivery systems with tunable drug release properties.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison Study of the Synergistic Influence of Discrepancy in Exothermic Behavior of Polyacrylonitrile-Based Precursor Fibers and the Continuous Gradient Pre-Oxidation Condition on Stabilization Structure","authors":"Yong Liu,&nbsp;Peipei Guo,&nbsp;Zongwei Guo,&nbsp;Shengtao Dai,&nbsp;Honglong Li,&nbsp;Lei Shang,&nbsp;Yuhui Ao","doi":"10.1002/app.56672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56672","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The synergistic influence of discrepancy in exothermic behavior of two types of polyacrylonitrile-based precursor fibers (labeled as fiber A and B) and the continuous gradient pre-oxidation conditions on stabilization structure were studied. The evolution and development process of skin-core structure at different stabilization stages and corresponding influencing factors was clarified. Results showed fiber A had gentle exothermic behavior, smaller exothermic rates, and weaker heat flow, while fiber B had faster exothermic rates and concentrated heat flow, especially at stabilization later stage. Stabilization behaviors revealed that the cyclization index (Ic), oxidation index (Io), dehydrogenation index (Id), aromatization index (AI), X-ray stabilization index, O elements, and bulk density increased with proceeds of pre-oxidation. The relationship between the aromatization cross-linked structure, bulk density, and chemical structure indicated that cyclization, dehydrogenation, and oxidation reactions jointly promoted the formation of aromatization cross-linked conjugated lamellar structure. Under the same pre-oxidation conditions, the stabilization degree of fiber B was much higher than that of fiber A. Meanwhile, a more serious inhomogeneous structure appeared at the early stage and further deteriorated at a later stage, which is related to its concentrated exothermic behavior, locally high temperature in the core and nonuniform oxygen distribution in the radial direction. These factors become the internal factors that affect the formation and development of skin-core structure. By adjusting temperature and gradient distribution as well as shortening time, the skin-core structure disappeared without compromising the stabilization degree. The formation of the skin-core structure was controlled by chemical reactions at early stage but by double diffusion and locally high temperature in the core at the later stage. In order to promoted oxygen diffusion, the Ic, Io, and AI values at the initial stage should be controlled below 0.8%, 0.36%, and 32%, respectively. The principles, reasons, and regulatory mechanisms for optimizing the stabilization structure and set proper pre-oxidation procedures were provided.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulatory Potency of Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins (PACs) on Extrafibrillar and Intrafibrillar Collagen Mineralization","authors":"Odair Bim-Junior,&nbsp;Shuxi Jing,&nbsp;James B. McAlpine,&nbsp;Shao-Nong Chen,&nbsp;Guido F. Pauli,&nbsp;Ana K. Bedran-Russo","doi":"10.1002/app.56694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56694","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The therapeutic potential of plant-derived proanthocyanidins (PACs) interacting with mammalian collagen is extensive, notably in strengthening specialized extracellular matrix like the dentin matrix, crucial for reparative dental treatments. This study unveils an additional facet of PACs beyond their recognized chemical and biomechanical advantages in fibrillar collagen: specific tannins possess an inherent capability to influence collagen mineralization. By leveraging the degree of polymerization (DP) of PAC oligomers binding directly to type-I collagen, selective control over in vitro mineralization is achieved. Tetrameric PACs (DP = 4) exhibit minimal barriers to extrafibrillar mineralization, whereas dimers (DP = 2) effectively hinder nucleation/growth of surface minerals, potentially favoring intrafibrillar mineralization pathways. Additionally, our investigation highlights that bound PACs facilitate the infiltration of mineral precursors within collagen fibrils without relying on conventional process-directing agents. These findings underscore the promising utility of oligomeric PACs as a new class of plant-derived process-directing agents (PPDAs) with compelling mineral activities. While our primary focus is exploring mineralization through diverse PAC structures, establishing a translatable collagen mineralization model remains one long-term goal of this line of research.</p>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/app.56694","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143521799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Synergistic Strategy for Cost-Effectively Reducing Formaldehyde Emission of Urea-Formaldehyde Resin via Glyoxal Copolymerization and Urea Post-Addition","authors":"Jin Zhao,&nbsp;Hang Wang,&nbsp;Yufei Kan,&nbsp;Zhenhua Gao","doi":"10.1002/app.56750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56750","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin is extensively used in the wood industry for its cost-effectiveness, good bonding performance, and technological applicability, reducing formaldehyde emission to levels comparable with non-formaldehyde adhesives while maintaining cost efficiency remains a challenge. In this study, a novel glyoxal-urea-formaldehyde (GUF) resin adhesive with low formaldehyde emission (F_**** grade), desired pre-pressing performance, and good bonding properties was developed through the synergistic effect of the glyoxal copolymerization and the post-adding urea as formaldehyde scavenger (FS). FTIR, NMR, XPS, DSC, and TGA analyses showed that the copolymerization formed substituted hydroxymethyl structures. The cross-linking reaction between GUF resin and post-added urea was enhanced, which reduced formaldehyde emission from GUF-bonded plywood to 0.20 mg/L. This value is 33% lower than the 0.3 mg/L required for F_**** grade plywood, according to JAS standards. The GUF-bonded plywood maintained a warm water-soaked wet strength of 0.74 MPa and a pre-pressing strength of 0.82 MPa. The optimal conditions were 10% of glyoxal for copolymerization and 4.5 wt% of post-added urea, which did not cause the cost increase of GUF resin. This synergistic strategy offers a cost-effective approach to reduce formaldehyde emission from UF resin, demonstrating promising potential for broad application in the production of wood composites.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactivity and Mechanical Performance of Centrifugally Spun Poly(D,L-Lactide)/Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) Submicrometric Fibers Containing Zinc Oxide and Hydroxyapatite Nanostructures","authors":"Victoria Padilla-Gainza,&nbsp;Heriberto Rodríguez-Tobías,&nbsp;Karen Lozano,&nbsp;Cristóbal Rodríguez,&nbsp;Robert Gilkerson,&nbsp;Antonio S. Ledezma-Pérez,&nbsp;Narcedalia Anaya-Barbosa,&nbsp;Graciela Morales","doi":"10.1002/app.56756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56756","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the morphological, thermal, mechanical, and bioactive properties of centrifugally spun fibrous composites made from poly(D,L-lactide)/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PLA/PHB) blends with zinc oxide (ZnO) and hydroxyapatite (Hap) nanoparticles. A 75/25 PLA/PHB weight ratio was chosen to balance mechanical and thermal properties. The precursor solution viscosities ranged from 0.25 to 0.50 Pa s, increasing with nanoparticle incorporation probably due to polymer-nanoparticle interactions. SEM revealed a uniform fibrous morphology, with diameters of 1.21 for PLA/PHB, 2.65 for PLA/ZnO/Hap, and 1.80 μm for PLA/PHB/ZnO/Hap. TGA showed two-step degradation for PLA/PHB fibers, while PLA/PHB/ZnO/Hap degraded in a single step at 249°C, leaving a residue of 9.95%. DSC indicated partial miscibility, with cold crystallization at 85°C (enthalpy: 7.72 J/g), slightly modified by nanoparticle addition. PLA/PHB fibers achieved a Young's modulus of 24.96 ± 3.91 MPa, three times that of pure PLA, but adding ZnO and Hap reduced modulus and tensile strength to 6.03 and 0.29 MPa, retaining suitability for biomedical applications. PLA/PHB/ZnO/Hap fibers exhibited 90% \u0000 <i>Escherichia coli</i>\u0000 growth inhibition and enhanced MC3T3-E1 cell viability by 120% on day 7. These results highlight their potential for antimicrobial, biocompatible medical devices.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradable Epoxy Thermosets Prepared by Mixing Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol A and Epoxidized Soybean Oil and Their Electrical and Mechanical Properties","authors":"Jae-Jun Park,&nbsp;Sangmin Lee","doi":"10.1002/app.56739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56739","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To develop a biodegradable epoxy resin matrix for high-voltage insulating composites, petroleum-based diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy and epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) were mixed, and their biodegradability and electrical and mechanical properties were studied. DGEBA/ESBO epoxy mixtures were in the ratios of 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 50/50, respectively. In the soil burial test, as ESBO content increased, DGEBA/ESBO thermosets disintegrated into smaller pieces by 4–6 months, while the DGEBA thermoset without any ESBO preserved its geometry throughout the degradation study for 8 months. Crosslink density was studied by a solvent swelling method and the Flory–Rehner equation, and glass transition temperature, Tg, was measured by a differential scanning calorimetry, and it was found that crosslink density and Tg were highest in the DGEBA/ESBO (80/20) thermoset. All mechanical strengths and electrical insulation breakdown strengths were obtained in the DGEBA/ESBO (80/20) thermoset, which could be used as a biodegradable matrix for high-voltage insulating composites.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Investigation Into the Influence of Titania–Carbon Nanotube Nanophotocatalysts Into the Filtration Performance of Polyethersulfone-Based Membranes","authors":"Sithembela A. Zikalala,&nbsp;Oranso T. Mahlangu,&nbsp;Jianxin Li,&nbsp;Bhekie B. Mamba,&nbsp;Edward N. Nxumalo","doi":"10.1002/app.56704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56704","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The polyethersulfone/sulfonated polyethersulfone (PES/SPSf) blend is enriched with ionizable sulfonic acid groups rendering a stable polymer system suited for blending nanocomposites using water as a dispersant. PES/SPSf/TiO₂-amorphous carbon nanotubes (aCNT) mixed matrix membranes are prepared via addition of a TiO₂–aCNT/deionized water slurry and precipitated via non-solvent induced phase separation. Membranes' electrostatic and non-electrostatic interactions with charged organic pollutants and membrane–dye interactions are probed using the Liftshitz-acid–base approach. Fluid transport and solute rejection mechanisms are investigated through porosity, pore radius, flux, permeance, dye rejection and fouling propensity. PES/SPSf/TiO₂–aCNT membrane contact angle at 1.6 wt.% TiO₂–aCNT loading reached 35° accompanied by pore radius decrease and a decline in membrane pure water permeability (197.7 for MF0 to 48.5 L.m⁻².h⁻¹ for MF1.6). Membranes had good rejection for cationic azure B (≈90%) and zwitterionic rhodamine B (≈100%) compared to anionic charged methyl orange (MO) (2.0%–10.8%). Major dye removal mechanism was size exclusion, where reactive red 120 (1335.9 g/mol) retention was higher than that of MO (327.4 g/mol). TiO₂–aCNT loading imputes membranes additional cationic charge and electron donor components that enables solute transportation via electrostatic switching mechanism and charge-dependent antifouling for reactive dyes, which are the bulk of textile industry pollution.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":"142 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143521837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}