Medical alphabet最新文献

{"title":"Anemia of chronic diseases","authors":"N. Orlova, N. D. Karseladze","doi":"10.33667/2078-5631-2024-13-14-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2024-13-14-20","url":null,"abstract":"Anemia of chronic diseases is one of the most common diseases and has a significant impact on prognosis and mortality. The article discusses the relevance, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnostics, and treatment of anemia of chronic diseases. The treatment of anemia depends on the severity and the disease of which it is a complication. Anemia is considered in oncological diseases, chronic kidney disease, chronic heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver, celiac disease, etc. Therapy aimed at replenishing iron deficiency includes transfusion of erythrocyte mass, erythropoietin stimulants, iron-containing drugs. According to the literature review, information is provided on the peculiarities of managing patients with anemia in various chronic diseases, an overview of the modern approach to ferrotherapy and its complications is given. Information is provided on a new form of oral iron – Sucrosomal iron (SiderAL Forte), which is well tolerated and has high bioavailability. A review of clinical studies confirming the efficacy and safety of oral Sucrosomal iron is presented.","PeriodicalId":18337,"journal":{"name":"Medical alphabet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140984136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of plant extracts in the complex therapy of diseases of the musculoskeletal system","authors":"S. Orlova, E. Prokopenko, E. Nikitina, T. T. Batysheva, N. V. Balashova, M. V. Alekseeva, A. N. Vodolazkaya","doi":"10.33667/2078-5631-2024-13-27-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2024-13-27-33","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants and their secondary metabolites are increasingly used in the treatment of diseases in complex therapy. Inflammation is a pathological condition that includes a wide range of diseases such as rheumatic and immune-mediated conditions, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, etc. Three plants are presented in the review: Harpgophytum procumbens, Curcuma longa, Bosswellia serrata, whose anti-inflammatory effects have been evaluated in clinical and experimental research. The use of Harpgophytum, turmeric and boswellia shows that these phytochemicals can directly act on multiple inflammatory mechanisms and may reduce pain and slow cartilage degradation in patients with osteoarthritis. Since treating inflammation is not a onedimensional remedy, we attempted to describe a multidimensional therapeutic approach to inflammation using phytoextracts. However, further research is needed to provide more information about the effectiveness of herbal extracts, as well as their combinations, in people with inflammatory joint diseases.","PeriodicalId":18337,"journal":{"name":"Medical alphabet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140984940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern approaches to the treatment of anemia of malignant neoplasms","authors":"A. A. Pecherskikh, T. V. Parfenova, T. V. Pinchuk, N. Orlova, N. D. Karseladze, А. O. Bolshepaeva, О. A. Parfenova","doi":"10.33667/2078-5631-2024-13-21-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2024-13-21-26","url":null,"abstract":"Anemia in patients with cancer is a common concomitant condition. The development of anemia in cancer has a multifactorial pathogenesis, including inflammation, metastasis of solid tumors to the bone marrow and displacement of normal hematopoiesis sprouts in the bone marrow by tumor cells in hemoblastosis, myelosuppression against the background of chemo/radiation therapy, nutritional insufficiency due to anorexia, etc. Anemia in cancer patients reduces the quality of life, the response to antitumor therapy, increases the risk of tumor progression and is an independent factor negatively affecting survival. The article discusses the tactics of managing patients with anemia in accordance with the Clinical recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation “Anemia in malignant neoplasms” and “Management of CancerAssociated Anemia With Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents: ASCO/ASH Clinical Practice Guideline Update”. The results of clinical studies are presented, which indicate the effectiveness of the use of erythropoiesis-stimulating drugs (including epoetin alpha) in oncological practice, which reduce the need for hemotransfusions and increase hemoglobin levels in patients with anemia against the background of antitumor chemotherapy.","PeriodicalId":18337,"journal":{"name":"Medical alphabet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140985498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytotherapy for stress in children from the age of three","authors":"L. Ilyenko, N. Orlova","doi":"10.33667/2078-5631-2024-13-7-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2024-13-7-13","url":null,"abstract":"Mental and behavioral disorders begin in early childhood, affect the quality of life of children and their parents, can lead to changes in brain development and function, and somatic diseases. Stress in young children can be associated with frightening changes in their lives – going to kindergarten, school. Treatment of mental disorders in childhood requires a comprehensive approach, including elimination of the causes of disorders, lifestyle modification, psychological and medical support. Phytotherapy is an effective treatment method accepted in most countries and characterized by a low risk of adverse events, which makes it indispensable in pediatric practice. The article describes the characteristics of medicinal plants used for the treatment of mental disorders. A review of clinical studies confirming the efficacy and safety of phytotherapy is presented. A tactical approach to the use of medicinal plant-based drugs in the practice of a pediatrician is considered.","PeriodicalId":18337,"journal":{"name":"Medical alphabet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140984948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern approach to the treatment of postoperative symptoms of patients undergoing oral surgery","authors":"R. Mukhametshin, N. Lezhava, T. Haddad, A. A. Muraev, Kh. R. Khumgaeva, E. A. Lukyanova","doi":"10.33667/2078-5631-2024-11-72-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2024-11-72-76","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Removal of wisdom teeth is always accompanied by the appearance of collateral edema of varying severity, pain, neurological dysfunction and inflammatory contracture of the masticatory muscles.Purpose. To evaluate the use of local apparatus hypothermia and the method of three-dimensional facial scanning for the treatment of patients after extraction of mandibular third molars.Materials and methods. 60 patients had their wisdom teeth removed. Depending on the group, local apparatus hypothermia (LAH) (study group of 30 patients) and local ice hypothermia (LIH) (control group of 30 patients) were performed after surgery. Evaluation criterion: three-dimensional scanning of the face on days 3, 5, 7.Results. In the control group, on the 3rd day the size of the edema was 6.31 mm (SD 0.81), on the 5th day – 4.88 mm (SD 0.73), on the 7th day – 3.44 mm (SD 0.88). In the study group, on the 3rd day the size of the edema was 5.09 mm (SD 0.80), on the 5th day – 2.73 mm (SD 0.71), on the 7th day – 1.28 mm (SD 0,62). In the control group, the size of edema on the 5th day changed by 22.67% compared to the 3rd day, on the 7th day by 30.12% compared to the 5th day and by 45.94% compared to 3rd day. In the study group, the size of edema on the 5th day changed by 46.42% compared to the 3rd day, on the 7th day by 53.16% compared to the 5th day and by 75.32% compared 3rd day. Comparison of groups 3, 5 and 7 in terms of absolute values of edema size and percentage change showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.001).Conclusion. The use of local apparatus hypothermia in the postoperative period can reduce the severity of collateral edema in a shorter period compared to standard methods of local hypothermia.","PeriodicalId":18337,"journal":{"name":"Medical alphabet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140986347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurophysiological assessment of the condition of the masticatory muscle group in patients with occlusion disorders and chronic generalized periodontitis","authors":"D. Domenyuk, B. N. Davydov, T. Kochkonyan, A. V. Kokareva, J. I. Glushanyan, O. Ivanyuta, S. Domenyuk","doi":"10.33667/2078-5631-2024-11-81-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2024-11-81-91","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Recently, the interest of dentists and physiologists has been focused on the development of a set of informative computerized techniques for an objective analysis of the functional state of the dentofacial apparatus. Achieving certain successes in conducting functional diagnostic examinations contributes to the development of algorithms for complex treatment of patients with generalized periodontitis and premature occlusal contacts.Goal. Study of the functional state of the dentofacial apparatus according to the parameters of bioelectrical activity of muscles in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis and occlusal disorders in static and dynamic conditions of the lower jaw.Materials and methods. The study involved 37 people with clinically healthy periodontium, physiological occlusion, and absence of occlusal disorders (Group 1) and 45 patients with physiological types of occlusion, generalized chronic periodontitis and premature occlusal contacts (Group 2). Functional methods included electronic registration of occlusal relationships with the T-Scan® III computer occlusion analysis system and study of the bioelectrical activity of the masticatory muscles using the Bio-EMG® III electromyography using standard functional tests.Results. In patients of group 2, in comparison with patients of group 1, neuromuscular discoordination of the functional activity of the masticatory muscles was diagnosed. This condition is confirmed by the asymmetry and lack of muscle synergy when performing the “Maximum volitional compression” test, an improvement in the symmetry of the work of the muscles of the same name on the right and left sides and the synergy of the work of the muscles of the right and left masticatory groups, as well as a statistically significant increase in the values of biopotentials m. temporalis and m. masseter during the “Maximum volitional compression on rollers” test.Conclusions. Disturbances in the coordinated work of the muscles of the craniofacial region in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis and premature occlusal contacts are realized in a statistically significant increase in the biopotentials of the masticatory muscle group at rest, a decrease in biopotentials during functional loading, as well as a reduction in the values of symmetry and synergy in relation to similar values patients of group 1.","PeriodicalId":18337,"journal":{"name":"Medical alphabet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140986390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment of patients with chronic apical periodontitis based on microbiological and joulemetric research methods","authors":"K. E. Frolova, L. Zyulkina, A. V. Yurkevich, A. V. Efremova","doi":"10.33667/2078-5631-2024-11-77-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2024-11-77-80","url":null,"abstract":"Background. An increase in the number of patients with chronic apical periodontitis is becoming a global trend, which is mediated by several factors: the formation of foci of chronic infection, an increase in the number of various odontogenic complications leading to the loss of a causal tooth, a decrease in general resistance and the development of persistent sensitization of the body.The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of diagnostic measures based on a complex of microbiological and joulemetric methods in patients with chronic apical periodontitis.Materials and methods. 25 patients with the established diagnosis of «chronic apical periodontitis» were examined. Microbiological and joulemetric analyses of the root canal system were performed before and at the stages of treatment using the delayed obturation method, which provides for intra-channel administration of a preparation of highly dispersed calcium hydroxide.Results. The comprehensive analysis of the results of bacteriological and joulemetric studies of the contents of the root canal system in the examined patients at the diagnostic and treatment stages fully corresponded to the clinical picture of the course of this nosological form and reflected the dynamics (negative and positive) of the inflammatory process in the studied periapical region.Conclusions. The combined use of microbiological and joulemetric techniques increases the effectiveness of therapeutic and diagnostic measures in patients with chronic apical periodontitis, which in turn reduces the risk of possible complications and improves the effectiveness of immediate and long-term therapy results.","PeriodicalId":18337,"journal":{"name":"Medical alphabet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140986348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporary skeletal anchorage – possibilities and mechanism of application. Literature review","authors":"G. Maziashvili, K. V. Khromenkova, N. Oborotistov, N. Y. Taranova, Kh. R. Khumgaeva, D. S. Efanova","doi":"10.33667/2078-5631-2024-11-30-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2024-11-30-35","url":null,"abstract":"To date, the use of a temporary skeletal anchorage in orthodontic treatment in almost every clinical case. Despite this, there are only two variants of this surgical instrument: mini-screws and mini-plates. Both variants of the skeletal anchorage have their positive and negative qualities, which, to one degree or another, affect the result and timing of treatment. The purpose of this literature review is to describe the main methods of using temporary skeletal anchorage, in which clinical cases their use is possible and contraindicated, as well as what positive and negative aspects can be observed during and after the treatment of orthodontic patients. The search for scientific data was carried out in the PubMed database using such keywords as: orthodontic skeletal anchorage, temporary anchorage, orthodontic mini-screw, orthodontic mini-plate. A literature search revealed that temporary skeletal anchorage allows the surgeon and orthodontist to predictably make changes to the jaw bones that were previously only possible with orthognathic surgery. Before installing a mini-screw or mini-plate, careful planning in the form of an examination and x-ray examination should be carried out. Ultimately, informed consent should be obtained explaining to the patient that orthognathia may still be necessary if the skeletal anchorage method fails. Although this is still a relatively new technique, some issues need to be considered and further clinical research is needed.","PeriodicalId":18337,"journal":{"name":"Medical alphabet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140986266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of an innovative technique for perforations of the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus during the sinus lift operation","authors":"Ya. I. Skakunov, A. Drobyshev, N. Redko, T. H. Le","doi":"10.33667/2078-5631-2024-11-42-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2024-11-42-47","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. To date, according to WHO, the number of people with a complete absence of teeth is greater than 8% of all the people worldwide. Loss of teeth due to complications of caries treatment, chronic periodontitis and trauma leads to atrophy of the alveolar ridge and that of soft tissues in this area, which in turn complicates the rehabilitation of the patients. According to the literature, in the first year after tooth extraction, the volume of the bone tissue of the alveolar ridge decreases by 40–60%, which greatly complicates the subsequent orthopedic rehabilitation of the patients. Currently, the «gold standard» for increasing the volume of the bone tissue of the alveolar ridge of the upper jaw in the distal section is the sinus lift operation. However, according to the literature, when sinus lift operation is performed, Schneider’s membrane perforation occurs in 7–23% of cases, which in terms, leads to the inability to complete the operation and complications in cases with total perforations of membrane.Purpose of the study. To evaluate the complex rehabilitation of patients with partial secondary absence of teeth and severe atrophy in the lateral sections of upper jaw using the «envelope technique» during open sinus lifting.Materials and methods. In 2020–2022, during a clinical study at the clinic of the Department of maxillofacial and plastic surgery of the Moscow State Medical University named after A.I. Evdokimov, 54 patients who had a history of PPI interventions in the ENT department were treated. All patients underwent bilateral open sinus lifting using enamel matrix proteins or the «envelope technique» for perforation of the Schneider membrane. After 9–12 months, a comprehensive rehabilitation of patients based on dental implants was carried out.Results. The number of extensive (total) perforations of the Schneider membrane in the study group of patients was 50%. As a result of the use of the patented «envelope technique» with the use of enamel matrix proteins, no postoperative complications were observed in patients with total perforation of the Schneider membrane. Taking into account the planned orthopedic design, 292 dental implants were installed in all patients.Conclusion. The method is effective and safe, allowing to rehabilitate patients with missing teeth and severe atrophy in the lateral part of the upper jaw, in case of intraoperative total perforation of the Schneiderian membrane.","PeriodicalId":18337,"journal":{"name":"Medical alphabet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140986955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contact allergy to the toothpastes ingredients: systematic literature review","authors":"I. D. Kondratenko, I. A. Nikolskaia, E. G. Mikhailova, A. A. Ogloblin, R. M. Kuliev, E. M. Musina","doi":"10.33667/2078-5631-2024-11-92-96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2024-11-92-96","url":null,"abstract":"A review of modern Russian and foreign, mainly English, literature on the topic of contact allergy to toothpaste ingredients is carried out. During the systematic review, literature data on the composition of toothpastes are analyzed, the most common allergens are identified, and the clinical picture of contact allergy to toothpaste ingredients is described. It is shown that the most common allergens in toothpastes are fragrances. In addition, potential allergens are cocamidopropyl betaine, propylene glycol, essential oils, parabens and propolis.","PeriodicalId":18337,"journal":{"name":"Medical alphabet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140986980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}