Medical alphabet最新文献

{"title":"Telogen effluvium (literature review)","authors":"A. R. Ereshko, N. Gryazeva, S. R. Mayransaeva","doi":"10.33667/2078-5631-2024-9-16-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2024-9-16-18","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to current issues of etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of telogen effluvium. Literature data on rational injection and hardware methods of therapy, including modern fractional laser therapy, are provided. A number of mechanisms of the therapeutic effect of physical factors have been revealed.","PeriodicalId":18337,"journal":{"name":"Medical alphabet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141819210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of exposure factors on acne","authors":"N. Gryazeva, A. V. Bezborodova, V. E. Kazaryan, M. S. Kruglova","doi":"10.33667/2078-5631-2024-9-31-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2024-9-31-37","url":null,"abstract":"The skin, being a border organ that provides a protective function and is constantly exposed to the environment. In the scientific literature, the generally accepted term “exposome factors” is used to describe exogenous factors. By influencing the skin barrier and skin microbiota, they have a significant impact on the course of acne, which is confirmed by numerous studies. The term “exposure” is understood as the total measure of exposure to the environment and associated biological reactions on a person throughout life. Identification of the most common factors that increase the risk of developing acne and reducing their impact on the skin is an integral part in solving the problem of acne treatment. The article presents data from a literature review and our own research on the influence of exposure factors on the course of acne.","PeriodicalId":18337,"journal":{"name":"Medical alphabet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141820430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug-induced agranulocytosis – prevalence, complications, management tactics","authors":"A. A. Pecherskikh, B. A. Chaparyan, N. Orlova, T. V. Pinchuk, E. S. Chernenok, N. D. Karseladze","doi":"10.33667/2078-5631-2024-13-57-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2024-13-57-61","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the results of a review of clinical cases and research data, the prevalence of drug-induced agranulocytosis, complications and management tactics are considered. A clinical case of agranulocytosis caused by taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is presented. The patient was admitted to the purulent surgical department with purulent lymphadenitis and sepsis. During the examination, agranulocytosis was revealed against the background of constant intake of NSAIDs (Aertal, Diclofenac, ibuprofen) for 3 years for joint pain. Surgical treatment was performed and antibiotic therapy was prescribed. Against the background of Filgrastim therapy, a positive dynamics of peripheral blood parameters was noted. The use of granulocyte colony stimulating factors (G-CSF) significantly reduces the severity of the disease, reduces the duration of hospitalization and mortality in patients with drug-associated agranulocytosis.","PeriodicalId":18337,"journal":{"name":"Medical alphabet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140978056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress-induced arterial hypertension in the ESH Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension 2023","authors":"K. V. Glibko, A. Y. Starokozheva, N. A. Plotnikova, N. V. Shchepetin, N. Orlova, E. S. Nikаnorova, T. I. Hasanov","doi":"10.33667/2078-5631-2024-13-52-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2024-13-52-56","url":null,"abstract":"New ESH data on risk factors for arterial hypertension are presented. The article examines the mechanisms of the relationship between stress and arterial hypertension, the relationship of stress with white coat hypertension and masked arterial hypertension, perioperative hypertension. A brief review of the results of clinical studies on the relationship between chronic stress and arterial hypertension, including stress at work and in everyday life, is presented. Modern approaches to the prevention and treatment of stress-induced hypertension are considered, which include recommendations for lifestyle changes, stress management methods, and drug therapy.","PeriodicalId":18337,"journal":{"name":"Medical alphabet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140979610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of acute coronary syndrome in migrant workers","authors":"N. V. Shchepetin, G. A. Chuvarayan, N. Orlova, Y. Fedulaev, S. Arakelov, I. Y. Titova, Yu. Yu. Yakushev","doi":"10.33667/2078-5631-2024-13-47-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2024-13-47-51","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular diseases of migrant workers are an additional burden on the health care system of many countries in Europe, the United States, and Russia. The prevalence of risk factors among migrants is associated with the country of origin of migrants, the duration of migration, low socioeconomic conditions of residence in the host country, psychological stress, significant physical exertion, violations of work and rest, malnutrition, the spread of harmful factors (smoking, alcohol, narcotic substances), limited access to medical services. The results of the study are presented, indicating that smoking is more common among migrant workers, hypertension levels, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins, and low-density lipoproteins are higher in comparison with the indigenous inhabitants of Russia. When performing coronary angiography in patients with acute coronary syndrome in migrant workers, despite their younger age, several vascular lesions are significantly more often detected. The data of the conducted study demonstrate high risks of cardiovascular diseases among migrant workers, which requires organizational measures to prevent them.","PeriodicalId":18337,"journal":{"name":"Medical alphabet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140981500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The level of highly sensitive C-reactive protein and mortality within a year after discharge from the hospital in patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","authors":"Yu. S. Belozerskikh, A. I. Kochetkov, V. B. Dashabylova, G. V. Lepekhin, A. A. Puhaeva, O. D. Ostroumova","doi":"10.33667/2078-5631-2024-13-61-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2024-13-61-67","url":null,"abstract":"Background. In recent years, there has been a steady trend in the form of an increase in the number of polymorbid patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (CHFpEF) and an increase in the frequency of its decompensation, which leads to an increased risk of adverse outcomes and increased mortality rates.Objective: to study the mortality structure in patients with CHFpEF within 1 year from the moment of discharge after initial hospitalization for decompensation of heart failure, as well as the level of highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients depending on the outcome.Methods. The data of patients with CHFpEF were retrospectively analyzed within 1 year from the moment of discharge after hospitalization due to decompensation of heart failure (n=372; median age 72.6 [63.3; 82.8] years, women – 44.4 %, NYHA class III and IV chronic heart failure, respectively, had 79.3 % and 15.9 % of patients). The concentration of hs-CRP in serum was determined in all patients during the first 24 hours after admission to the hospital.Results. During the follow-up, 65 deaths were registered (17.5 % of the included patients), of which 56 (86.2 % of all deaths) were caused by cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events – acute myocardial infarction (30 cases, 46.2 %), postinfarction cardiosclerosis (11 cases, 16.9 %), ischemic stroke (10 cases, 15.4 %), and rupture of an aortic aneurysm (1 case, 1.5 %). The level of hs-CRP compared with the surviving patients (4.84 [3.78; 5.88] mg/l) was statistically significantly higher both in the group of deaths from cardiovascular causes (5.22 [4.53; 6.21] mg/l, p=0.029) and in the group of deaths from all causes (5.33[4.49; 6.19] mg/l, p=0.020). A comparative analysis of patient characteristics revealed that patients who died from cardiovascular causes, compared with survivors, had a statistically significantly lower body mass index (p=0.046), higher total cholesterol (p=0.002), and aspartate aminotransferase (p=0.025). When comparing patients who died from all causes with patients without a fatal outcome, statistically significant differences in similar indicators were obtained.Conclusion. In patients with CHFpEF, both cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality within 1 year after hospitalization for decompensation of heart failure may be associated with sluggish inflammation, as well as an initially lower body mass index, higher total cholesterol and indirect signs of more pronounced myocardial damage.","PeriodicalId":18337,"journal":{"name":"Medical alphabet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140977773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anticholinergic burden and the cognitive functions in elderly and senile patients with arterial hypertension","authors":"O. D. Ostroumova, K. K. Dzamikhov, A. I. Kochetkov, Т. M. Ostroumova, E. Y. Ebzeyeva, А. I. Andrianov, V. B. Dashabylova","doi":"10.33667/2078-5631-2024-13-68-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2024-13-68-73","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of anticholinergic load (AHN) on cognitive functions (CF) in elderly and senile multimorbid patients with arterial hypertension (AH).Materials and methods. 330 patients aged 60 years and older with essential AH were included in the study (median age 79 [72; 84] years, 158 (51 %) of women). All the patients were underwent the assesment of CF using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), Mini-Mental Status Scale (MMS), Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive (ADAS-cog), Trial Making Test (TMT), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Verbal Association Test (literal (letter) and categorical (animal) associations), Boston Naming Test (BNT), Word-Color Interference Test, Stroop colorword conflict test. The anticholinergic load was determined using the anticholinergic load scale (Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale, ACB).Results. Compared with patients who do not take anticholinergic drugs, multimorbid elderly and senile hypertensive patients with 2 or more points on the ACB scale had significantly lower final scores on the MoCA test (23 [21; 24.3] versus 24 [22; 25] points, respectively, p=0.042) and on MMSE (26 [24; 29] vs. 27.5 [25; 29] points, respectively, p=0.015), they spent statistically more time completing part B of the TMT test (217.5 [187.3; 246.3] vs. 204 [166.8; 247.3] seconds, respectively, p=0.038). The difference between the execution time of part B and part A of the TMT test in patients with 2 or more points on the ACB scale was statistically significantly greater than in patients with 0 points on this scale (141 [103.8; 168.5] versus 124 [83.8; 162] sec, respectively, p=0.034). Age, gender, education, and the structure of concomitant diseases did not differ between the groups.Conclusion. The results obtained indicate the adverse effect of аnticholinergic вurden on CF of multimorbid elderly and senile hypertensive patients and dictate the need to optimize pharmacotherapy in this category of patients.","PeriodicalId":18337,"journal":{"name":"Medical alphabet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140981963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness and safety of PCSK9 inhibitors in children with family hypercholesterolemia","authors":"R. A. Khachaturyan, L. Khidirova, A. E. Karavozova","doi":"10.33667/2078-5631-2024-13-74-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2024-13-74-80","url":null,"abstract":"Familial hypercholesterolemia (CGHS) is a monogenic disease with a predominantly autosomal dominant type of inheritance, accompanied by a significant increase in the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the blood, and as a result, premature development and progressive course of atherosclerosis, usually at a young age. One of the common causes of the disease is a mutation in the PCSK9 gene. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is the main link in the regulation of blood lipid metabolism due to its direct participation in the degradation of LDL receptors. Currently, only evolocumab is used as PCSK9 inhibitors in children over 12 years of age in the Russian Federation, which has proven the safety and steady reduction of LDL cholesterol in pediatric patients with HES. Another representative of this pharmacological group is alirocumab, which is currently indicated only for people over the age of 18, due to the lack of evidence in children.","PeriodicalId":18337,"journal":{"name":"Medical alphabet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140980470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectral analysis of heart rate variability in patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation","authors":"O. T. Bogova, A. V. Sviridenko, V. N. Potapov","doi":"10.33667/2078-5631-2024-13-42-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2024-13-42-46","url":null,"abstract":"Spectral analysis of heart rate variability gives an idea of the role of the autonomic nervous system in the regulation of chronotropic heart function and can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of drug therapy. The selection of drug therapy taking into account the individual clinical form of atrial fibrillation, as well as the vegetative status of the patient, will undoubtedly increase the effectiveness of treatment. In this study, spectral parameters were studied in patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation and the effect of the antiarrhythmic drug class III miodarone on these parameters.","PeriodicalId":18337,"journal":{"name":"Medical alphabet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140984192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term effects of radiation therapy in outpatient practice","authors":"N. D. Karseladze, O. A. Tiganova, L. Ilyenko, N. Orlova, S. Z. Danelyan","doi":"10.33667/2078-5631-2024-13-34-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2024-13-34-41","url":null,"abstract":"Moscow multidisciplinary clinical center «Kommunarka», Moscow, Russia SUMMARY Radiation therapy is one of the main methods of treating malignant neoplasms. Along with high efficiency, radiation therapy leads to complications in the early and late period. General practitioners and therapists are insufficiently familiar with long-term radiation-induced complications. The article presents data on the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of radiation lesions of the bone system, lungs, myocardium, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary system, hematopoiesis system, as well as chronic pain syndrome. The symptoms of late complications of radiation therapy are nonspecific and similar to the symptoms of somatic diseases. Knowledge of the clinical manifestations of radiation-induced complications in the long term allows timely diagnosis and treatment.","PeriodicalId":18337,"journal":{"name":"Medical alphabet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140982738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}