Anticholinergic burden and the cognitive functions in elderly and senile patients with arterial hypertension

Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of anticholinergic load (AHN) on cognitive functions (CF) in elderly and senile multimorbid patients with arterial hypertension (AH).Materials and methods. 330 patients aged 60 years and older with essential AH were included in the study (median age 79 [72; 84] years, 158 (51 %) of women). All the patients were underwent the assesment of CF using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), Mini-Mental Status Scale (MMS), Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive (ADAS-cog), Trial Making Test (TMT), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Verbal Association Test (literal (letter) and categorical (animal) associations), Boston Naming Test (BNT), Word-Color Interference Test, Stroop colorword conflict test. The anticholinergic load was determined using the anticholinergic load scale (Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale, ACB).Results. Compared with patients who do not take anticholinergic drugs, multimorbid elderly and senile hypertensive patients with 2 or more points on the ACB scale had significantly lower final scores on the MoCA test (23 [21; 24.3] versus 24 [22; 25] points, respectively, p=0.042) and on MMSE (26 [24; 29] vs. 27.5 [25; 29] points, respectively, p=0.015), they spent statistically more time completing part B of the TMT test (217.5 [187.3; 246.3] vs. 204 [166.8; 247.3] seconds, respectively, p=0.038). The difference between the execution time of part B and part A of the TMT test in patients with 2 or more points on the ACB scale was statistically significantly greater than in patients with 0 points on this scale (141 [103.8; 168.5] versus 124 [83.8; 162] sec, respectively, p=0.034). Age, gender, education, and the structure of concomitant diseases did not differ between the groups.Conclusion. The results obtained indicate the adverse effect of аnticholinergic вurden on CF of multimorbid elderly and senile hypertensive patients and dictate the need to optimize pharmacotherapy in this category of patients.