Medical alphabet最新文献

{"title":"Intestinal microbiota and gallstone disease – is there a connection?","authors":"V. Akhmedov","doi":"10.33667/2078-5631-2024-5-23-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2024-5-23-26","url":null,"abstract":"Cholelithiasis is a fairly common disease of the digestive system, affecting from 10 % to 15 % of the adult population. Despite many studies devoted to this problem, the mechanisms of formation of gallstone disease have not been fully elucidated. Recently, aspects of the influence of the intestinal microbiota on the mechanisms of formation of various pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, irritable bowel syndrome, pancreatic diseases, gastroesophageal reflux disease have been considered. The presented review article examines the possible involvement of the gastrointestinal microbiome in the pathogenesis of gallstone disease. The article discusses the role of microorganisms and their metabolites in the formation of gallstones.","PeriodicalId":18337,"journal":{"name":"Medical alphabet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141002957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the content of short-chain fatty acids in ulcerative colitis as an indicator of the patient's metabolic health","authors":"G. Bikbavova, M. A. Livzan, N. S. Lisyutenko, A. E. Romanyuk, A. V. Indutny, O. V. Martynenko","doi":"10.33667/2078-5631-2024-5-27-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2024-5-27-31","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous studies show that in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC), a significant role is played by a change in the diversity of the intestinal microflora, which is associated with fewer bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFCS affect the differentiation and activation of cells of the immune system, play a protective role in maintaining the integrity of the epithelial barrier, participate in the regulation of intestinal peristalsis and blood supply to its wall, muscle anabolism, bioavailability of amino acids.The aim of the study. To evaluate the content of SCLC in the feces of UC patients with varying degrees of severity of the current attack, as well as to investigate the relationship between the content of SCLC with dietary characteristics, body mass index (BMI), and dyspenia.Materials and methods. The study involved 80 UC patients, conducted a survey, objective examination, filling out medical history and outpatient records, blood and stool sampling. The content of SCLC was determined in feces. The study of nutritional characteristics in patients with UC was conducted using a standardized questionnaire of the WHO CINDI program. Statistical methods: median (Me), upper and lower quartiles (P25, P75) were calculated; Mann-Whitney criterion; Kolmogorov-Smirnov criterion; nonparametric correlation analysis was performed.Results. The absolute content of SCFCS in the feces of patients with UC is lower than the reference values. The relative content of propionic acid in the subgroup with severe attack was significantly lower than in the remission subgroup, in the subgroup with mild and moderate attack of the disease. In patients with body weight deficiency, the relative content of propionic acid is lower than in UC patients with normal or overweight. A positive relationship was found between the total content of SCFCS in feces and the amount of dietary fiber consumed in the form of fruits and vegetables. In patients with dinapenia, the relative content of butyric acid in feces is significantly lower than in patients without dinapenia.","PeriodicalId":18337,"journal":{"name":"Medical alphabet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141003472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A clinical case of a continuous course of ulcerative with extra-intestinal manifestations","authors":"G. Bikbavova, V. A. Livzan, V. Akhmedov, T. V. Tretyakova, V. A. Voyat, L. I. Telyatnikova","doi":"10.33667/2078-5631-2024-5-13-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2024-5-13-17","url":null,"abstract":"Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the most serious and poor-studied problems of modern gastroenterology. This nosology is a diffuse inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, limited to the colon with a predominant lesion of the rectum and sigmoid colon. Due to the progressive nature of the disease, patients require lifelong drug therapy and monitoring. Extra-intestinal manifestations are often found in patients with UC and represent a complex problem that requires the close attention of specialists and the appointment of modern pathogenetically-based treatment, including genetically engineered biological drugs. This clinical observation reflects the importance of early diagnosis of UC with extra-intestinal manifestations – primary sclerosing cholangitis and arthropathy, as well as the effectiveness of treatment with ustekinumab.","PeriodicalId":18337,"journal":{"name":"Medical alphabet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141003624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Side effects of proton pump inhibitors with long-term use: focus on the urinary system","authors":"D. Trukhan, I. Viktorova","doi":"10.33667/2078-5631-2024-5-36-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2024-5-36-42","url":null,"abstract":"Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the most effective drugs for treating acid-related diseases. In recent decades, the use of PPIs has increased exponentially. For a long time, PPIs were considered completely safe drugs for both short-term and long-term use. However, modern clinical guidelines note that when prescribing PPIs in large doses for a long period, the possibility of side effects should be taken into account. In recent years, a number of foreign reviews have been published that examine the associations between PPIs and a number of diseases/conditions. We searched the PubMed and Scopus information databases for publications on the safety of PPI use, including sources up to January 30, 2024. In this review, we examined the effect of long-term use of PPIs on the urinary system. This review demonstrates possible changes in the urinary system and an increased risk of developing nephrolithiasis, acute interstitial nephritis, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal failure with long-term use of PPIs, which should certainly be taken into account when prescribing them for a long period, especially in patients with comorbid pathology.","PeriodicalId":18337,"journal":{"name":"Medical alphabet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141002343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of mebeverine in extended-release capsules on intestinal motor function in patients with functional gastrointestinal pathology","authors":"M. A. Butov, M. Msakni, V. M. Butova, N. A. Sudakova, I. Y. Vornacheva, L. I. Karpova","doi":"10.33667/2078-5631-2024-5-7-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2024-5-7-12","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the study. Evaluation of the clinical effectiveness of combination therapy for FGID with overlap syndrome – gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) using the PPI omeprazole and the myotropic antispasmodic mebeverine hydrochloride in extended-release capsules (Meberin ML, Micro Labs Limited, India) on clinical manifestations and motor-evacuation function of the gastrointestinal tract in patients with FGID with overlap syndrome – GERD, FD with gastric hypersecretion and IBS.Materials and methods. We examined 27 patients with FGID with overlap syndrome of GERD, FD with gastric hypersecretion of hydrochloric acid and IBS.Results and conclusion. It has been established that combination therapy with these drugs for two weeks in 97 % of cases eliminates the clinical symptoms of the syndromes, improves the quality of life of patients, normalizes intestinal motility and myoelectric activity of the gastrointestinal tract.","PeriodicalId":18337,"journal":{"name":"Medical alphabet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141005710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anticoagulant prophylaxis in patients with liver disease and atrial fibrillation","authors":"A. Komarova, S. Bliznyuk, D. S. Lyasina, E. A. Naryshkina, A. V. Bumbu, S. Covantsev","doi":"10.33667/2078-5631-2024-3-17-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2024-3-17-22","url":null,"abstract":"Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in adults worldwide. The use of oral anticoagulants (DOACs) is an effective way to prevent ischemic stroke in patients with AF, reducing the risk of stroke by approximately 64 %. In patients with liver cirrhosis (LC), the presence of AF is associated with higher rates of in-hospital mortality, stroke and acute kidney injury compared with patients without arrhythmia. Liver disease and especially cirrhosis are associated with an increased risk of not only thrombosis but also bleeding, making the decision about anticoagulant therapy in these patients very difficult. The article reviews the current literature regarding the use of modern DOACs and traditional antithrombotic agents, such as vitamin K antagonists and heparins, in patients with cirrhosis and AF.","PeriodicalId":18337,"journal":{"name":"Medical alphabet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141006814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of invasive hemodynamics monitoring in sepsis intensive care","authors":"I. A. Kozlov, A. Ovezov, S. A. Rautbart","doi":"10.33667/2078-5631-2024-3-23-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2024-3-23-28","url":null,"abstract":"The objective was to study the effect of early planned use of transpulmonary thermodilution (TPTD) and therapeutic measures to stabilize blood circulation on the clinical outcome of sepsis.Materials and methods. The cohort study involved 132 patients with abdominal sepsis with SOFA >7 and blood lactate >1.6 mmol/L. Septic shock was diagnosed in 56 % of patients. TPTD in the early periods of intensive care was began in 53.8 % of patients. Logistic regression and ROC-analysis were used to process the data.Results. Early use of invasive monitoring (OR 2,3715, 95 % CI 1,1107–5,0635, p=0,026, AUC 0.655) and infusion volume >43 ml/kg per day (OR 1.0313, 95 % CI 1.0073–1.0558, p=0.01, AUC 0.677) were predictors of survival in patients with abdominal sepsis. The use of TPTD compared to patients of group II was accompanied by an increase in the daily infusion volume (53.7 [38.1–63.5] vs 38.2 [29.9–47.2], ml/kg per day, p = 0.0001), more frequent use of inotropic drugs (39.4 vs 16.4 %, p = 0.004), and higher level of the inotropic scale (0 [0–4.7] vs 0 [0–0], p = 0.01). There were no differences in the frequency of prescription (57.7 vs 65.5 %, p = 0.376) and dosages (0.2 [0.1–0.4] vs 0.3 [0.2–0.4] μg/kg/min, p = 0.554) of norepinephrine. Twenty-eight-day mortality in groups I and II was 31 and 50.8 % (p = 0.022), hospital mortality was 32.9 and 54.0 % (p = 0.014).Conclusion. When assessed by SOFA > 7 points and lactatemia > 1.6 mmol/L, the onset of TPTD and infusion volume > 43 mL/kg/day increase the likelihood of survival of patients with abdominal sepsis, as a result, 28-day and hospital mortality decrease by 1.6 times. The use of invasive monitoring of central hemodynamics in this clinical situation is accompanied by an increase in the prescription of inotropes by 2.4 times with an unchanged intensity of norepinephrine use. ","PeriodicalId":18337,"journal":{"name":"Medical alphabet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141010746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term results of alternative antireflux surgery for gastroesophageal reflux disease and hiatal hernia","authors":"V. A. Baulin, A. A. Gulyaev, A. Baulin, O. A. Baulinа, L. A. Averyanova, V. A. Starodubtsev","doi":"10.33667/2078-5631-2024-3-50-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2024-3-50-54","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the use of a new method in open and laparoscopic surgery of gastroesophageal reflux disease and hiatal hernia. The essence of the technique is to fix the esophageal-gastric junction under the diaphragm with a combined tape of xenopericardium and propylene or propylene only. Comparative data on the results of Nissen operations in 126 patients and the new method in 258 patients are presented. The authors used an original comparative outcome assessment scale, which combines the main negative outcomes encountered after operations for gastroesophageal reflux disease and hiatal hernia, as well as Visick scale. The advantage of the new technique has been statistically reliably proven, where the absence of such severe complications as dysphagia, diarrhea, and stasis in its use is especially emphasized.","PeriodicalId":18337,"journal":{"name":"Medical alphabet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141009584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alexander Sergeevich Puchkov’s activities as a member of the Russian Red Cross Society during the First World War","authors":"A. N. Rozhenetskij, N. F. Plavunov, V. A. Kadyshev","doi":"10.33667/2078-5631-2024-3-29-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2024-3-29-35","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the activities of Alexander Sergeevich Puchkov as part of the Russian Red Cross Society, which during the First World War was one of the largest public organizations that provided assistance to wounded soldiers and officers in the theater of military operations and in the rear. The Red Cross appointed those responsible for all military sanitary, medical evacuation and organizational measures in this area of military operations: a special officer, a chief officer. The events of the period 1914–1918, which formed the professional qualities of the organizing physician A.S., are described. Puchkova, approaches and principles to providing medical care to the wounded in case of mass injuries and injuries in the performance of official duties of the special representative of the Russian Red Cross Society under the 2nd Army of the Western Front.","PeriodicalId":18337,"journal":{"name":"Medical alphabet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141006075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peculiarities of the ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction morphogenesis after mechanical restoration of epicardial blood flow without ECG signs of reperfusion","authors":"G. A. Nefedova, G. A. Gazaryan, G. P. Titova","doi":"10.33667/2078-5631-2024-3-7-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2024-3-7-16","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to investigate the peculiarities of STEMI morphogenesis after mechanical restoration of epicardial blood flow without ECG signs of reperfusion. The autopsy data of 44 patients with STEMI who died at different times after PCI performed within the first 12 hours (27 cases), or 12–24 hours (17 cases), without ECG signs of reperfusion after the intervention, were analyzed. The comparison group consisted of 85 deceased without reperfusion therapy (RT). Histological examination of the myocardium was performed at following time: within 12 hours, at 13–24 hours, 2–4 days, 5–8 days, 9–15 and 16–22 days. The most common cause of death was acute left ventricular failure (ALVF) both in the group of blood flow restoration without ECG signs of reperfusion, and in the group without RT: 85 % and 79 %, respectively. In each of the two groups the number of deaths occurred in the first 12 hours exceeded one third, half of the patients died in the subsequent 12 hours, two thirds of the deaths occurred within further 2–3 days. The rates of risk factors: older age, anterior and recurrent myocardial infarction, three-vessel lesion of the coronary artery, and a large infarction area were similar in the two groups. From the first hours after PCI, the infarction zone was characterized by hemorrhagic imbibition, numerous injuries of the microcirculatory bed, by the signs of blood flow restoration in damaged vessels appeared from days 2–4, early manifestations of repair from days 5–7. In the MI group without PCI, the hemorrhagic demarcation started on days from 3–4, coagulation necrosis prevailed in the microvascular bed, signs of repair appeared at a later date. Multiple spasms and thromboses in the microvasculature may have been a response to a blood pressure drop that accompanies an acute decrease in the left ventricle contractile function caused by a large infarction area and/or unresolved complications arising during the interventions per se. This mechanism explains the rapid progression of left ventricular failure, the most common cause of death after the interventions with achieving the epicardial blood flow without ECG signs of reperfusion. The revealed microcirculation disorders reflect the absence of myocardial reperfusion, which is more prognostically significant than the restoration of epicardial blood flow.","PeriodicalId":18337,"journal":{"name":"Medical alphabet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141007902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}