Medical History最新文献_第7页

A vaccination romance: Rider Haggard’s Dr. Therne (1898) in the vaccination debate 接种疫苗的浪漫:赖德·哈格德在疫苗接种辩论中的瑟恩医生(1898)

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2023.1

J. Broad

{"title":"A vaccination romance: Rider Haggard’s Dr. Therne (1898) in the vaccination debate","authors":"J. Broad","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2023.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2023.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Henry Rider Haggard, the famed author of adventure romances, wrote the novel Dr. Therne (1898) in response to weakening compulsory smallpox vaccination laws, thus entering one of the most heated debates of the late nineteenth century. With Dr. Therne, Haggard aimed to intervene in the lives of the many working-class anti-vaccinationists who, from the 1850s onwards, mobilised to evade what they perceived as a gross – and targeted – extension of state power at the expense of individual rights. Recovering the novel, which has not yet received scholarly attention from historians of medicine, reveals the way fiction was called upon to change minds during a crucial period of Victorian medicine, one that witnessed a climactic shift in public health intervention. This article will examine the reception of Dr. Therne in various print media – middle-class London papers, medical journals and working-class, anti-vaccinationist publications – to consider some new dynamics of the debate which the disagreement over Haggard’s polemic exposes, including the perceived power of fiction (when properly priced and distributed) to change minds, and the contested role of the evangelical press. Additionally, a discussion of the different iterations of Dr. Therne, and a look at an exceptional anti-vaccinationist response in the form of a competing novel, illustrates that pro- and anti-vaccinationists alike contributed to a moment in late Victorian society when the role of fiction was considered a worthy contender in a debate ostensibly about fact.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89443290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emily Baum, The Invention of Madness: State, Society, and the Insane in Modern China (Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 2018), pp. 304, $40.00 (USD), paperback, ISBN: 9780226558240. 鲍美莉:《疯狂的发明:现代中国的国家、社会和疯子》(芝加哥和伦敦:芝加哥大学出版社，2018)，第304页，40美元，平装本，ISBN: 9780226558240。

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2022.23

X. Fang

引用次数: 0

Acroagonines: Ugo Cerletti’s audacious attempt to place the neurophysiological effects of electroconvulsive therapy in vials 阿Acroagonines: Ugo Cerletti大胆尝试将电休克治疗的神经生理效应放在小瓶中

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2022.16

Elisabetta Sirgiovanni

{"title":"Acroagonines: Ugo Cerletti’s audacious attempt to place the neurophysiological effects of electroconvulsive therapy in vials","authors":"Elisabetta Sirgiovanni","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2022.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2022.16","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the years 1947–57, following a turbulent retirement, Ugo Cerletti, the father of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) (1938), invested his energies in a new audacious project conceived as an extension of his ECT research. Forced to leave the direction of the Sapienza University Clinic, he got funds from the National Research Council of Italy to carry out his experimental activities, and founded a ‘Center for the study of the physiopathology of Electro-shock’ in Rome. The Center was aimed at studying liquid substances extracted from electro-shocked animals’ brains that Cerletti named acroagonine and injected into human patients. Inspired by coeval literature, Cerletti believed that electroshock efficacy was due to stimulating some homeostatic processes in the brain, specifically in the meso-diencephalic area (i.e. involving neuroendocrine response in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis). Cerletti’s team wished not only to find these effects, but also to reproduce them. With this hypothesis, that proved ineffective, Cerletti anticipated intuitions on the neuroendocrine effects of ECT and the necessity for the development of psychopharmacology. In this article, I cross-combined previously unexplored archival materials stored at Sapienza University of Rome (‘ES Section’) with established bibliographic and archival sources.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75219947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Plague and the Fall of Baghdad (1258) – CORRIGENDUM 瘟疫和巴格达的陷落(1258)-勘误表

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2022.24

Nahyan Fancy, Monica H. Green

引用次数: 2

MDH volume 66 issue 3 Cover and Back matter MDH第66卷第3期封面和封底

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2022.26

引用次数: 0

Mie Nakachi, Replacing the Dead: The Politics of Reproduction in the Postwar Soviet Union (New York: Oxford University Press, 2021), pp. xi + 328, $39.95, hardback, ISBN: 9780190635138. 《取代死亡:战后苏联的再生产政治》(纽约:牛津大学出版社，2021)，第xi + 328页，39.95美元，精装本，ISBN: 9780190635138。

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2022.22

Junjie Yang

引用次数: 0

Age matters: health, older people and gerohygiene in the late Soviet Union 年龄很重要:前苏联后期的健康、老年人和老年卫生

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2022.17

S. Grant

{"title":"Age matters: health, older people and gerohygiene in the late Soviet Union","authors":"S. Grant","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2022.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2022.17","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the late Soviet period, a great deal of research was conducted on older people’s health, with the Institute of Gerontology Academy of Medical Sciences (AMN) USSR in Kyiv spearheading a great deal of this. Of particular interest was older people’s ability to work beyond retirement age, the issue of premature ageing, as well as physical activity, diet and living conditions. Many of these interests came under the concept of ‘gerohygiene’, which also reflected the Soviet Union’s prophylactic approach to eldercare (and healthcare more generally). Discussions about older people and Soviet research on gerohygiene are important for furthering our understanding of ideas around healthy ageing and the Soviet project more generally. The Soviet, and indeed socialist, research on gerohygiene sheds light on ideas around active ageing, premature ageing and work practices for older people. It also shows that the role of old people belonged to the wider Soviet effort of contributing to the communist project and shaping society. In this article, I define and examine the broad concept of ‘gerohygiene’ and then assess how gerohygiene applied to older people’s health in relation to both physical activity and labour.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83997945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physicians imprisoned in Franco Spain’s Miranda de Ebro “Campo de Concentración” 医生被关押在佛朗哥西班牙的米兰达·德·埃布罗“集中营”

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2022.20

E. Cuerda-Galindo

{"title":"Physicians imprisoned in Franco Spain’s Miranda de Ebro “Campo de Concentración”","authors":"E. Cuerda-Galindo","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2022.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2022.20","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Miranda de Ebro was created in 1937 to imprison Republicans and foreigners who fought with the International Brigades in Spanish Civil War. From 1940, the camp was used only to concentrate detained foreign refugees with no proper documents. More than 15 000 people, most of them from France and Poland, were kept there until the camp was closed in January 1947. Playing both sides of the international divide, fascist Spain at various points in time allowed passage and was a country of refuge both for those escaping Nazism and for Nazis and collaborators who, at the end of World War II (WWII), sought to escape justice. Treatment of each of these groups passing through Miranda was very different: real repression was meted out to the members of the International Brigades (IB), tolerance shown towards those escaping Nazism, and protection and active cooperation given to former Nazis and their collaborators. For the first time, data about foreign physicians imprisoned in Miranda de Ebro were consulted in the Guadalajara Military Archive (Spain). From 1937 to 1947, 151 doctors were imprisoned, most of them in 1942 and 1943, which represents around 1% of the prisoners. Fifty-two of the doctors were released thanks to diplomatic efforts, thirty-two by the Red Cross, and ten were sent to other prisons, directly released or managed to escape. All of them survived. After consulting private and public archives, it was possible to reconstruct some biographies and fill the previous existing gap in the history of migration and exile of doctors during the Second World War.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90041165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Finding ruh in the forebrain: Mazhar Osman and the emerging Turkish psychiatric discourse 在前脑中发现ruh: Mazhar Osman和新兴的土耳其精神病学话语

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2022.18

Kutluğhan Soyubol

{"title":"Finding ruh in the forebrain: Mazhar Osman and the emerging Turkish psychiatric discourse","authors":"Kutluğhan Soyubol","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2022.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2022.18","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article examines the emergence of modern psychiatric discourse under the culturally Islamic yet radically secular context of the early Turkish republic (1923-1950). To do so, it focuses on the psychiatric publications of Mazhar Osman [Uzman] (1884-1951), the widely acknowledged “father” of modern Turkish psychiatry; and aims to genealogically trace his scientific project of reconceptualizing ruh, an Arabo-Turkish concept that predominantly refers to transcendental soul, rendering it physiologically within the framework of biological-descriptive psychiatry. The article consequently addresses the elusive and multilayered psychiatric language emerged in Turkey as a result of modern psychiatry’s interventions into a field that was previously defined by religion and indigenous traditions. Attempting to contextualize republican psychiatric discourse within the cultural and socio-political circumstances that has produced it, the article sheds light on how the new psychiatric knowledge propagated by Mazhar Osman was formulated in constitutive contradistinction to religious or traditional discourses, explicitly associating them with the Ottoman past and its alleged backwardness, hence reverberating with the Kemalist project of modern Turkish state building. Furthermore, by focusing on the complexities of the Turkish psychiatric language and the contestations it has generated, the article aims to reflect on the ways in which the Turkish psychiatric language was (and presumably still is) haunted by earlier forms of Islamic knowledge and traditions, despite modern psychiatry’s as well as modern secular state’s systematic and authoritative attempts to erase them for good.","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76213034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

MDH volume 66 issue 3 Cover and Front matter MDH第66卷第3期封面和封面问题

IF 1.4 2区哲学

Medical History Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2022.25

引用次数: 0