Legume Research最新文献

{"title":"Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis in Advanced Matromorphic Generations of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L.)","authors":"Sonali Sharma, Anil Bhushan, R.K. Samnotra, Bupesh Kumar, Owais Ali Wani, Reshav Naik, Manoj Kumar","doi":"10.18805/lr-5128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-5128","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Garden pea is an important leguminous vegetable crop but the lack of high yielding and stable varieties is the major constraint. There is a need to explore genetic variability for the crop improvement programs. Considering this, the current investigation was aimed to study the genetic variability and relationship among the yield and its contributing traits in advanced matromorphic progenies for effective production. Methods: A two year experiment was carried out at SKUAST- Chatha, Jammu during the cropping season of 2020-21 and 2021-22 to find out the genetic variability parameters, path coefficient and correlation studies for thirteen yield contributing traits in twenty two garden pea genotypes (twelve advanced matromorphic progenies and ten parental lines). Result: The results revealed high variability among the tested genotypes. The values of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were greater as compared to the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits. High heritability along with genetic advance ( greater than 20%) was observed for all the traits whereas pod length (PL) and shelling percentage (SP) were exceptions. Pod yield per plant ( PYPP) had positive genotypic and phenotypic correlation with node at which first flower appears (NFFA), plant height(PH), internodal distance (ID), no. of pods per node (NPPN), pod length (PL), no. of seeds per pod(NSPP), no. of pods per plant (NPP), days to first picking (DFF), average pod weight (APW) and shelling percentage (SP). Positive direct effect on pod yield per plant (PYPP) was exhibited by traits viz., days to 50 per cent flowering (DFPF), node at which first flower appears (NFFA), internodal distance (ID), no. of pods per node (NPPN), pod width (PW), no. of seeds per pod (NSPP), no. of pods per plant (NPPP), days to first picking (DFP) and average pod weight (APW) in path coefficient analysis.","PeriodicalId":18181,"journal":{"name":"Legume Research","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135519877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) as Influenced by Integrated Nutrient Management Under Fertigation","authors":"N. Sunitha, G. Krishna Reddy, S. Tirumala Reddy, M. Raveendra Reddy, K.V. Nagamadhuri","doi":"10.18805/lr-5097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-5097","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Groundnut (Arachs hypogeae) is a prominent legume vegetable oil seed crop in India and it’s lower productivity is a matter of concern attributed to the major constraints of inefficient irrigation and nutrient management in rabi season. Fertigation is the recent innovative gearing up technology in which the nutrients are applied in précised quantity along with drip irrigation at regular intervals throughout the crop growth matching with their requirement, resulting in enhanced resource use efficiency and crop yields. Liquid formulations of biofertilizers can be diluted sufficiently and applied through drip irrigation uniformly to the root zone of crop. Humic acid is widely used as fertilizer synergist and hence in combination with inorganic fertilizers can enhance their use efficiency and improve root zone activity. The present experiment was conducted to develop an integrated nutrient management practice in combination of chemical fertilizers with organic sources i.e., co inoculation of liquid biofertilisers and humic acid under fertigation for rabi groundnut under fertigation. Methods: The experiment was comprised of seven treatments of integrated nutrient management practices viz., T1- Soil application of 100% RDF(30-40-50 kg N,P2O5 and K2O haˉ¹) + Drip irrigation ; T2- 75 % RDF + Liquid biofertilizers @ 3.75 l haˉ1 ; T3- 75% RDF + Humic acid @ 12.5 l haˉ1 ; T4- 50 % RDF + Liquid biofertilizers @ 3.75 l haˉ1 ; T5–50 % RDF + Humic acid @ 12.5 l haˉ1 ; T6- 100 % RDF + Liquid biofertilizers @ 3.75 l haˉ1 ; T7- 100 % RDF+Humic acid @ 12.5 l haˉ1 which were laid out in randomised block design with three replications. Result: The integrated nutrient management practice with application of 100% RDF (30-40-50 kg N,P2O5 and K2O) + Liquid biofertilizers @ 3.75 l ha-1 (Rhizobium, Phosphorus solubilising bacteria and Potassium solubilising bacteria each @ 1.25 l ha-1) through fertigation recorded tallest plants (49.9 cm), highest LAI(2.05), SCMR value(34.5), highest number of nodules plant -1(60.2), pods plant-1(11.2), 100 pod weight(125.7 g), kernel weight (52.9 g) which resulted in the highest pod (3902 kg ha-1), kernel (2666 kg ha-1), haulm yied (4363kg ha-1 ), higher nutrient uptake and net returns (Rs.130818 ha-1) of groundnut, which were comparable to 100% RDF + Humic acid @ 12.5l ha-1 . However 75% RDF + Liquid biofertilizers @ 3.75 l ha-1 through fertigation recorded growth and pod yield (3988 kg ha-1) of groundnut on par with the best treatment of 100% RDF + Liquid biofertilizers @ 3.75 l ha-1 with a saving of 25 per cent of RDF and net returns of (Rs.130818 ha-1) and higher B:C ratio (2.31).","PeriodicalId":18181,"journal":{"name":"Legume Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135703476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insecticide Resistance Development and Detoxification Enzyme Activities of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) in Soybean from Kumaon Himalayas","authors":"Rashmi Joshi, Neeta Gaur, Sudha Mathpal","doi":"10.18805/lr-5101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-5101","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Soybean is an important crop of Uttarakhand both in hills as well as in plains and Spodoptera litura is an important pest of soybean in Uttarakhand. Several insecticides have been in use for its management and resistance has been observed against different group of insecticides. Thus, to study the level of infestation and insecticide resistance from soybean fields of hill farmers of Kumaon Himalaya, survey and experiments were conducted. Methods: Survey was conducted and scale of infestation was determined. Chemical and biochemical assay were conducted to study insecticide resistance. For chemical assay IRAC Method No. 7 using insecticides indoxacarb 14.5% SC, chlorantraniliprole 18.5% Sc, fipronil 5% SC, chlorpyriphos 50%+cypermethrin 5% EC and profenofos 40%+cypermethrin 4% EC and for biochemical assay the specific activity of Carboxylesterase, Acetyl choline esterase, Mono-oxygenase and Glutathione-S-transferase was studied. Result: The infestation level from different regions showed the presence of S. litura, ranging from mild to severe infestation. The resistance ratio of different insecticides used ranged from a low to an extremely high resistance level with LC50 ranging from 0.37 µg/ml to 1648.84 µg/ml. The biochemical analysis of carboxylesterase, acetylcholinesterase, monooxygenase and gluthione-s-transferase showed an overproduction of these detoxification enzymes in the resistant population.","PeriodicalId":18181,"journal":{"name":"Legume Research","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135641999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of Total Factor Productivity Growth of Major Pulse Crops in Rajasthan, India","authors":"D. Verma, Hari Singh, S. Burark, Jitendra Suman, Priyanka Lal","doi":"10.18805/LR-4611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/LR-4611","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18181,"journal":{"name":"Legume Research","volume":"173 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72684462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesizing Nanoencapsulated Sulfentrazone Herbicide and Optimizing Time and Dose for Season Long Weed Management in Irrigated Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.)","authors":"Vikram Kannamreddy, C. Chinnamuthu, S. Marimuthu, C. Bharathi","doi":"10.18805/LR-4447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/LR-4447","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pulses are nutritious edible seeds of leguminous plants, have become an essential part of the human diet. Among the pulses, blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) is an important legume crop cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Even though there are so many factors responsible for the lower yield of blackgram, weeds play a major role. Sulfentrazone is a broad spectrum herbicide belongs to the family of phenyl triazolinone. Sulfentrazone has high persistence and mobility with mean partition coefficient Koc = 43 and sorption coefficient Kd less than 1 and also has high horizontal and vertical leaching potential. Even though generally used herbicides in blackgram like pendimethalin, imazethapyr and quizalofop-ethyl are helpful in managing weeds, they have to apply multiple times or have to integrate with other methods of weed management which is expensive. So as to reduce the usage of multiple herbicides, to avoid manual weeding and to achieve season long weed control without affecting the environment the nano-encapsulated sulfentrazone is the better alternative and it gives better solution for the above constraints besides increasing the productivity.Methods: Laboratory and field experiments were conducted in the Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during 2019-2020. Laboratory experiment was conducted to prepare nano-encapsulated sulfentrazone herbicide using solvent evaporation method. Screening trial was conducted in field with 17 treatments in randomized block design. Main trial was conducted with nine treatments of randomized block design by selecting the best performing treatments in screening trial. A confirmatory trial was also conducted by using same treatments.Result: The encapsulated sulfentrazone particles were characterized in SEM (Scanning electron microscope) and also analysed with EDAX (Energy dispersive X-ray analysis) for elemental analysis, which is followed by particle size analysis and zeta potential to know the size and stability respectively. All these tests concluded that the sulfentrazone particles were encapsulated correctly and might be useful for slow release of the particle and also for reducing vertical and horizontal leachability. The field trials revealed that sulfentrazone @ 0.30 kg a.i. ha-1 with encapsulation applied at 1 DBS is better alternative for the season long weed management in blackgram without affecting the soil and ground water, as well as increasing the productivity.","PeriodicalId":18181,"journal":{"name":"Legume Research","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84842351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Quantitative Trait Variability in Faba Bean Mutagenized Population for High-yielding Breeding Program in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Nurmansyah, S. Alghamdi, H. Migdadi","doi":"10.18805/LR-601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/LR-601","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The narrow genetic base and environmental stresses are behind the low rate of faba bean yield in the past two decades. Drought stress is one of the most destructive abiotic stresses. Using induced mutagenesis on locally adapted landrace cultivar is proposed to cope with this problem. Methods: This study was conducted on faba bean landrace cultivar of Saudi Arabia, namely Hassawi 2, treated by 25 and 50 Gray gamma radiation. The genetic diversity assessment of M2 mutant populations was based on seven quantitative traits and nine Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) primer combinations. Result: A total of 3419 M2 seeds were planted, of which 2782 (81.4%) seeds germinated and 2658 plants survived. A 5 to a 10-fold range of quantitative traits studied among mutant plants compared to control plants showed high variability. The number of pods per plant and seeds per plant was a valid selection criterion for a high-yielding faba bean breeding program. Nine AFLP primer combinations generated 1079 polymorphic alleles from 88 samples that comprised mutant and control plants. Shannon index (I) and expected heterozygosity (He) were 0.337 and 0.206, respectively. The AFLP results validated high variability in M2 populations. These findings will assist faba bean breeders in developing high-yielding cultivars with drought stress tolerance.","PeriodicalId":18181,"journal":{"name":"Legume Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83194457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Insecticides and Biopesticides against Helicoverpa armigera in Different Modules of Short Duration Pigeonpea","authors":"A. Yadav, Ram Keval, A. Yadav","doi":"10.18805/LR-4313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/LR-4313","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] is an important legume crop from the Family Fabaceae. Pigeonpea commonly known as ‘Arhar’ or ‘Tim’ is mainly consumed in the form of split pulse as ‘dal’. Pigeonpea is cultivated as an annual or semi-perennial crop, usually in mixed cropping systems. Pigeonpea is attacked by insect-pests right from sowing to harvesting and also during the storage. Gram pod borer, H. armigera has been a major pest in most parts of the country. Therefore, keeping these views in mind, the present study was conducted.Methods: Present investigations were carried out during Kharif season of 2013 and 2014 to evaluate some insecticides and biopesticides against Helicoverpa armigera in various modules on short duration pigeonpea.Result: The mean larval population of H. armigera after spray was minimum in M3 (1.15 larvae plant-1) followed by M2 (1.17 larvae plant-1) and maximum in module M5 (1.61 larvae plant-1) during Khaif 2013. During Khaif 2014 mean larval population of H. armigera after spray was minimum in M2 (1.11 larvae plant-1) followed by M3 (1.12 larvae plant-1) and maximum in module M5 (1.58 larvae plant-1). Hence these modules (M2 and M3) can be adopted by the farmers for effective and economic management of H. armigera.","PeriodicalId":18181,"journal":{"name":"Legume Research","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91172905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production Potential and Economic Returns of Bed Planted Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as Influenced by Different Intercropping Systems","authors":"M. V. Priya, T. Singh, K. S. Saini, S. Singh","doi":"10.18805/lr-4287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-4287","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the third most important pulse crop produced after dry bean and peas in the world. Amongst pulses, chickpea is the major crop in India but for international market the quality of this crop has to be improved which may be possible by evaluation of different planting techniques. No systematic research and adequate technologies have been reported in Punjab on intercropping of different crops in chickpea. The current study aimed to find out the effect of different intercrops on growth and yield of bed planted chickpea based intercropping systems.Methods: A field experiment was carried out during the rabi season of 2017 and 2018 to evaluate the productivity and economic viability of bed planted chickpea based intercropping systems.The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design consisting of four replications with thirteen treatments.Result: Results showed that sole chickpea recorded highest seed yield and it was statistically at par with seed yield that obtained under chickpea + oats fodder (2:1), chickpea + oats fodder (4:1) and chickpea + linseed (4:1) intercropping systems. However, oilseed rape and barley as intercrops showed adverse effect on yield and yield attributes of chickpea. Chickpea + oats fodder in 2:1 row ratio recorded highest chickpea equivalent yield of 24.07 and 24.77 q/ha and system productivity of 15.96 and 15.60 kg/ha/day during 2017 and 2018, respectively. Higher net returns (Rs. 63098 and 70924/ha), benefit cost ratio (1.47 and 1.63) and production efficiency (417.9 and 446.1 Rs/ha/day) were also recorded in chickpea + oats fodder (2:1) intercropping system over sole chickpea (Rs. 44862 and 53769/ha and 1.21 and 1.41) during both the years. Chickpea + oats fodder (4:1), chickpea + linseed (2:1) and chickpea + linseed (4:1) also recorded significantly higher chickpea equivalent yield, net returns and benefit cost ratio as compared to sole chickpea.","PeriodicalId":18181,"journal":{"name":"Legume Research","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74188067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-tolerance Physiology of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes under Combined Salinity and High Temperature Stress Condition","authors":"Trisha Sinha, A. Singh, Shailesh Kumar","doi":"10.18805/lr-4390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-4390","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chickpea at seedling stage is highly sensitive to salinity and high temperature stress. Many studies explained plant responses under independent salinity and high temperature stress, but very little findings had revealed the combined effects of these two stresses on plants. So, the present experiment was aimed to study the response of chickpea genotypes for growth parameters and stress tolerance indices at seedling stage under individual and combined salinity and high temperature stress.Methods: A laboratory experiment during rabi season of 2018-2019 was conducted with thirty chickpea genotypes by comparing their responses under different salinity stresses i.e. EC 4.0 dSm-1 and 8.0 dSm-1 and high temperature (37°C). Seedling growth parameters i.e. germination percentage, vigour index and seedling dry weight along with stress tolerance indices like yield stability index and tolerance index were measured for 10-day-old seedlings.Result: The results revealed genotypic variations for all the parameters, based on which the genotypes KPG-59, IPC 2013-74 and NDG 15-6 were identified as tolerant, whereas KWR-108, BG-3075 and BG-3076 as susceptible. Interestingly, the results also showed that the tolerant genotypes exhibited maximum cross-tolerance at highest level of stress (T5) for germination percentage and vigour index, over control (T0), which might be attributed to their acclimatization while facing different stresses during early growth. So, the genotypic variations in chickpea for these parameters at germination stage might be good criteria for selection of tolerant genotypes under salinity and high temperature individually and also when combined.","PeriodicalId":18181,"journal":{"name":"Legume Research","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78721664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of Microorganisms in Alfalfa Rhizosphere to Microbial Inoculation","authors":"S. Andjelkovič, J. Radović, S. Babić, T. Vasić, S. Djuric, D. Stamenov, T. H. Jafari","doi":"10.18805/LR-514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/LR-514","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Various microorganisms that can have a positive or negative effect on plant development are present in the rhizospheric soil of alfalfa. The research aimed to investigate the impact of two nitrogen-fixing bacteria and two species of the phytopathogen fungus Colletotrichum on the abundance of aminoheterotrophs, nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria in the rhizosphere of three cultivars of alfalfa.Methods: The experiment was carried in vegetation pots as three factorial, where the first factor was alfalfa cultivar (Affinity+Z, K-28 and Perry), the second was the isolate of phytopathogen fungus Colletotrichum: C. trifolii (isolate Coll 4) and C. destructivum (two isolates: Coll-11 and Coll 657); and the third was the variant of bacterial inoculation (Azotobacter chroococcum and Sinorhizobium meliloti). The number of microorganisms was determined by introducing a diluted soil suspension into proper media and counted per one gram of absolutely dry soil.Result: According to the Fisher test applied inoculation microbial inoculation with nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phytopathogen fungus had different effects on the abundance of examined microorganisms in rizospheric soil of different alfalfa cultivars.","PeriodicalId":18181,"journal":{"name":"Legume Research","volume":"31 1","pages":"706-710"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80682753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}