Mahdi Hosseini, Milan Gaff, Petr Konvalinka, Haitao Li, Hynek Maňák, Jensin Joshua, Ahmad Hosseini, Krishna Teja, S. Yogeswari, Pritam Ghosh, M. Chandrasekar
{"title":"Kevlar/Basalt and Kevlar/Glass Intra-Ply Reinforced Hybrid Composites: Influence of Basket Weave Fabric Structure on Thermal Properties, Flammability, and Impact Performance","authors":"Mahdi Hosseini, Milan Gaff, Petr Konvalinka, Haitao Li, Hynek Maňák, Jensin Joshua, Ahmad Hosseini, Krishna Teja, S. Yogeswari, Pritam Ghosh, M. Chandrasekar","doi":"10.1002/mame.202400391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202400391","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the influence of basket weave fabric structure and fibre combination on the thermal properties, flammability, and impact performance of intra-ply reinforced hybrid composites. The objective is to evaluate the effect of varying the number of threads in the basket weave pattern (ten threads 5 × 5, six threads 3 × 3, and two threads 1 × 1) and different fibre combinations (Kevlar-Glass (KG) and Kevlar-Basalt (KB)) on composite performance. The composites were fabricated using a handloom weaving process followed by compression moulding. Thermal stability was assessed using Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), flammability was examined via the UL-94 horizontal burn test, and impact performance was evaluated using the Charpy impact test. The results indicated that KG composites exhibited superior thermal stability, with higher final residue percentages and lower mass loss during degradation. The impact performance was significantly influenced by both fibre combination and weave structure, with KG5 × 5 and KB5 × 5 laminates achieving the highest impact strengths of 2160 kJ/m<sup>2</sup> and 2040 kJ/m<sup>2</sup>, respectively. Flammability tests showed that all composites had a burn rate below 10 mm/min, meeting standard safety criteria. The findings highlight the potential of these hybrid composites for high-performance applications requiring impact resistance and thermal stability, such as aerospace and protective equipment industries.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"310 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.202400391","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thiol-X Chemistry: A Skeleton Key Unlocking Advanced Polymers in Additive Manufacturing","authors":"James Anthony Dicks, Chris Woolard","doi":"10.1002/mame.202400445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202400445","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Using additive manufacturing (AM) technologies for the fabrication of advanced polymeric objects is a logical progression to realize their potential within engineering applications that demand complex geometries. Thiol-X chemistry has presented itself as a diverse and invaluable toolkit to accomplish such, satisfying both the processing requirements and properties desired to fabricate a diverse range of advanced polymeric objects using a variety of AM technologies. The “click” nature of many thiol-X reactions, mechanisms of polymerization, functional group tolerance and orthogonality, and diverse and desirable properties achievable with thiol-X chemistry presents a synergistic opportunity that few other chemistries can as broadly facilitate. As a result, the use of thiol-X chemistry within AM has gained rapid traction in recent years and it is now the case that both thiol-X chemistry and additive manufacturing technologies are being viewed as two sides of the same coin, whereby the scope and limitations of the whole system are appreciated. This review highlights the advancements, status, scope, and opportunities of using thiol-X chemistry in AM to achieve a diverse range of advanced polymers by critically examining the structure-property-processing-performance relationships between different thiol-X chemistries and various AM technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"310 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.202400445","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144646846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melis Unal, Recep Isci, Ilknur Demirtas, Erdal Ertas, Wakana Matsuda, Sailun Ji, Takayuki Tanaka, Yusuke Tsutsui, Shu Seki, Turan Ozturk
{"title":"Impact of Doping on Charge Transport Properties in Thienothiophene-Based Organic Porous Polymers","authors":"Melis Unal, Recep Isci, Ilknur Demirtas, Erdal Ertas, Wakana Matsuda, Sailun Ji, Takayuki Tanaka, Yusuke Tsutsui, Shu Seki, Turan Ozturk","doi":"10.1002/mame.202500033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202500033","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Organic covalent frameworks (COFs) have played significant roles in achieving high performance as electronic conductive and semi-conductive materials in a wide range of applications, including solar cells, capacitors, hydrogen-production or storing materials, cancer cell treatments, photosensitizers in bacterial therapy, chemical sensors, and light-emitting diodes. Organic porous polymer materials are analogs of COFs without crystalline nature and widely examined in material chemistry owing to their ease of design, functionality, and flexibility. Novel conjugated triazine-type organic porous polymers (P1-P3), possessing 2-benzonitryl-3-(4′-methoxyphenyl)thieno[3,2-<i>b</i>]thiophene (TT) as a π-bridge and triphenylamine (TPA), tetraphenylethylene (TPE) and carbazole (Cbz) as linkers are designed and synthesized via trimerization reaction using trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (CF<sub>3</sub>SO<sub>3</sub>H). The study examined the electronic and optical properties of the monomers (M1-M3), surface morphologies, and photoconductive behaviors of the polymers using various techniques such as UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopies, CV, SEM, BET, and FP-TRMC. Among the investigated porous polymers, the polymer (P3) having a Cbz-linkage exhibited the highest photoconductivity φ∑µ, both undoped (1.8 × 10<sup>−9</sup> m<sup>2</sup> V<sup>−1</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>) and I<sub>2</sub>-doped (3.2 × 10<sup>−8</sup> m<sup>2</sup> V<sup>−1</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>). The conductivity went down to φ∑µ = 8.5 × 10<sup>−10</sup> m<sup>2</sup> V<sup>−1</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> (undoped) and 1.5 × 10<sup>−8</sup> m<sup>2</sup> V<sup>−1</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> (I<sub>2</sub>-doped) with the polymer (P2) having a TPE-linkage.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"310 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.202500033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144869352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mondli A. Masanabo, Janne T. Keränen, Suprakas S. Ray, M. Naushad Emmambux
{"title":"Effect of Cowpea Lignocellulosic Fibers as a Low-Value Reinforcing Filler on the Properties of Poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) Bio-Composite Foams","authors":"Mondli A. Masanabo, Janne T. Keränen, Suprakas S. Ray, M. Naushad Emmambux","doi":"10.1002/mame.202400369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202400369","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Herein, fully bio-based and biodegradable bio-composite foams are produced from poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA), reinforced with low-value cowpea lignocellulosic fibers, and azodicarbonamide as a chemical blowing agent. These are produced by melt extrusion followed by compression molding. Fiber addition increases the melt viscosity and melt strength, this restricts uncontrolled bubble growth during foaming to decrease the bubble size. The bio-composite foam containing 15% fibers has the largest decrease in bubble size from 209 µm in the unfilled PBSA foam to 95 µm in the foam containing 15% fibers. Fiber addition significantly increases the bubble density, from ≈1.05 × 10<sup>9</sup> cells cm<sup>−3</sup> in the unfilled PBSA foam to 5.13 × 10<sup>9</sup> cells cm<sup>−3</sup> in bio-composite foam containing 15% fibers, due to heterogeneous bubble nucleation induced by the fibers. The stiffness of the bio-composite foams increases with fiber addition, with the bio-composite foam containing 15% showing the largest increase relative to the unfilled PBSA foam as revealed by dynamic mechanical analysis. In conclusion, the fibers not only induce heterogeneous bubble nucleation to increase bubble density and decrease bubble size during the foaming of PBSA, but also act as reinforcement to increase the stiffness of the bio-composite foams. These bio-composite foams have potential applications in packaging and agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"310 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.202400369","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144646848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lukas Barth, Michael Jung, Ralf Seemann, Karen Lienkamp
{"title":"3D Printable Magnetic Soft Actuators–Ink Formulation, Rheological Characterization, and Hydrogel Actuator Prototypes","authors":"Lukas Barth, Michael Jung, Ralf Seemann, Karen Lienkamp","doi":"10.1002/mame.202400431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202400431","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Magnetic inks are presented for direct ink writing (DIW), a 3D printing technique, yielding magnetic hydrogel actuators. To obtain the shear-thinning and thixotropic behavior needed for DIW, the rheology modifier laponite is used. This additive ensures suitable rheological properties and dispersion of the magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles used. The base formulation of the ink consists of acrylamide as monomer, N,N’-methylenbisacrylamide as cross-linker, and ammonium persulphate as thermal initiator. The concentration of laponite varies from 1.5 to 6.9 mass%, and the effect on the ink viscosity, shear-thinning properties, and printability of the system is investigated. Starting at a concentration of 3.8 mass% laponite, the iron oxide nanoparticles are sufficiently stabilized to prevent sedimentation. The ink viscosity can be tuned over almost two orders of magnitude, with an optimum printability at 4.6 mass% laponite. The printed hydrogel precursors are cross-linked thermally at 50 °C. Thus, magneto-responsive prototypes for soft robotics applications are obtained. The advantages of the system are that a low mass percentage of rheology modifier is needed, that the number of polymeric components is reduced, and that the obtained hydrogels are mechanically stable. Laponite-containing ink is easy to handle and can therefore also be used in non-specialist laboratories.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"310 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.202400431","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144646849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jongsu Lee, Sun Hong Kim, Duho Cho, Changju Chae, Sungmook Jung
{"title":"Printable Elastic Porous Conductor for Stretchable Keypads","authors":"Jongsu Lee, Sun Hong Kim, Duho Cho, Changju Chae, Sungmook Jung","doi":"10.1002/mame.202400468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202400468","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electrodes, which are essential components of electronic devices, must possess high electric conductivity; thus, most electronic devices currently use rigid metal electrodes. However, electrode stretchability is important for wearable applications, which have recently attracted significant attention. This study describes a strategy for fabricating printable and highly stretchable porous conductors by combining silver flakes with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate. It is found that the fabricated electrode can be stretched by over 400% while retaining high conductivity, which decreases from 532.9 S∙cm<sup>−1</sup> at 0% strain to 133.2 S∙cm<sup>−1</sup>. Furthermore, the novel electrodes exhibits high durability even after 1000 cycles of 100% stretching, which can be an ideal characteristic for skin electronics. The obtained conducting material is used as an electrode for a wearable keyboard, which can be rolled up/out repeatedly, and its reliability exceeds 1000 cycles of operation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"310 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.202400468","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144646840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In Situ Generation of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/Ag2SeO3 Nanohybrids at Hexane/Water Interface for Photodegradation of Organic Dyes","authors":"Anusree V. Rethnakumaran, Mini Mol Menamparambath","doi":"10.1002/mame.202400409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202400409","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Liquid/liquid interfacial synthesis offers a more energy-efficient alternative to traditional solid-state reactions, primarily due to its adaptability to low-temperature and pressure conditions. In the present work, this innovative approach is explored to generate silver selenites within a conducting polymer matrix in an in situ manner. Therefore, a hexane/water interface is employed for the synthesis of Ag<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub> on PEDOT support under ambient temperature and pressure conditions. Furthermore, the influence of con. H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> on the polymerization of 3,4 – ethylenedioxythiophene and the regeneration of Ag<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub> during polymerization is strategically investigated by ranging the compositions of the precursors. The X-ray diffraction patterns proved the highly crystalline nature of the nanohybrids with intense peaks attributed to the crystalline Ag<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub> attached to PEDOT. The successful formation of the PEDOT/Ag<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub> nanohybrids is also confirmed through Raman spectroscopy, FT-IR, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic techniques. Additionally, SEM images and elemental composition studies verified the morphology and uniform distribution of nanoparticles within the polymer matrix. The efficiency of the liquid/liquid interface in tuning the optical properties, including the band gap tuning of the PEDOT/Ag<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub> nanohybrids is verified using UV–vis absorbance and photoluminescence characterizations. The optimized PEDOT/Ag<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub> nanohybrid demonstrated enhanced photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) and methylene Blue (MB), indicating their potential for real-life applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"310 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.202400409","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corneal Cell Matrix-Conditioned Amniotic Membrane with Improved Biochemical Properties and Corneal Wound Healing Potential: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study","authors":"Zeinab Nokhbedehghan, Zahra Esmaeili, Seyed-Hashem Daryabari, Hossein Aghamollaei, Sara Simorgh, Jila Majidi, Sanaz Alizadeh, Sadjad Khosravimelal, Narendra Pal Singh Chauhan, Hajar Nasiri, Mazaher Gholipourmalekabadi","doi":"10.1002/mame.202400390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202400390","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Several attempts have been made to engineer the amniotic membrane (AM) to improve its biomechanical and biological characteristics close to corneal tissue for corneal wound dressing applications. In this study, a decellularized AM (dAM) is conditioned with limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) by freeze-thawing (cAM), and fully characterized in vitro for mechanical behaviors, degradation, and cytobiocompatibility, and in vivo implantation in comparison with dAM. The LESCs-conditioning improved the LESCs adhesion property of cAM compared with dAM with no cytotoxicity against LESCs in both dAM and cAM. Complete epithelial coverage with improved corneal wound healing and collagen synthesis, and also no scarring is observed in the wounds treated with dAM and cAM. Notably, in the cAM group, epithelial layers are well delaminated and collagen fibers are arranged in a basket weave pattern. A significant up-regulation in limbal/epithelial genes (ABCG2 and Ck3) expression is observed in the wounds treated with cAM, compared with other groups. Both dAM and cAM significantly down-regulated the pro-inflammatory genes (IL6 and TNFα), compared with the control wound. In conclusion, this study reveals that LESCs-conditioning is a viable strategy for the development of corneal wound dressing and now promises to proceed with clinical investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"310 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.202400390","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Two-Cycle Strain-Induced Crystallization Behavior of Peroxide Cross-Linked Solid Guayule Natural Rubber","authors":"Preeyanuch Junkong, Takumi Ohashi, Treethip Phakkeeree, Kosuke Miyaji, Shotaro Iwasaki, Katrina Cornish, Yuko Ikeda","doi":"10.1002/mame.202400439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202400439","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Peroxide cross-linked guayule natural rubbers (P-<i>g</i>GR) are prepared from non-acetone-extracted solid green guayule natural rubber (<i>g</i>GR) made by drying latex. Tensile and dynamic mechanical properties of P-<i>g</i>GR samples of three different network chain densities are characterized. All P-<i>g</i>GR samples demonstrate highly reproducible tensile behaviors under two repeated cycles. For the first time, strain-induced crystallization (SIC) behaviors of P-<i>g</i>GR are measured with synchrotron wide-angle X-ray diffraction measurements under two repeated cycles by exposing the incident beam for 70 ms every 3 s. Highly reproducible SIC phenomena are observed, and apparent crystallite sizes, average volumes, indexes of average number, and orientation fluctuations of crystallites are confirmed to not change significantly during cyclic deformation. Non-rubber components such as phospholipids, glycolipids, fatty acids, esters, sterols, and terpenes in <i>g</i>GR barely inhibit the second SIC of the P-<i>g</i>GR and do not cause deterioration of its mechanical properties. The reproducibility of cyclic stress–strain curves and cyclic SIC behavior of the P-<i>g</i>GR sample is ascribed to the thermodynamically stable peroxide cross-linking network. As a viable alternative to <i>Hevea</i> natural rubber in the rubber industry, these findings on <i>g</i>GR provide valuable insights for manufacturing both conventional and high-quality products.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"310 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.202400439","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and Characterization of Decellularized Caprine Liver Matrix Constructs for Liver Tissue Engineering","authors":"Supriya Bhatt, Jayanthi Krishnakumar, Kondepudi Lakshmi Mounica, Manasa Nune","doi":"10.1002/mame.202400451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202400451","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study focuses on developing and characterizing decellularized caprine liver scaffolds and their application in liver tissue engineering. Decellularization is achieved through chemical and enzymatic methods, effectively removing cellular components while preserving critical extracellular matrix (ECM) elements such as collagen and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), as confirmed by histological and biochemical analyses. The scaffolds are further processed into hydrogels by combining decellularized liver matrix (dLM) with chitosan (CH) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), optimized through freeze-thaw (FT) cross-linking. Rheological studies show shear-thinning behavior and enhanced mechanical properties in the crosslinked dLM hydrogels, making them suitable for bioprinting applications. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals a porous structure favorable to cell adhesion, nutrient diffusion, and vascularization. Biocompatibility is confirmed through live/dead and MTT assays, demonstrating higher cell viability and proliferation on crosslinked scaffolds. HepG2 cells cultured on these scaffolds express hepatic-specific markers, such as Albumin and Cytokeratin-18, and exhibit functional capabilities, including urea metabolism and albumin synthesis, highlighting the scaffold's ability to support liver-specific activities. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the potential of FT crosslinked dLM-based hydrogels as promising candidates for liver tissue engineering, providing a biomimetic microenvironment that supports cellular functionality and promotes tissue regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"310 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.202400451","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}