Zhao-Song Li, Chao Liu, Xiao-Wei Li, Yi Zheng, Qian Huang, Yi-Wei Zheng, Ye-Hao Hou, Chen-Liang Chang, Da-Wei Zhang, Song-Lin Zhuang, Di Wang, Qiong-Hua Wang
{"title":"Real-time holographic camera for obtaining real 3D scene hologram","authors":"Zhao-Song Li, Chao Liu, Xiao-Wei Li, Yi Zheng, Qian Huang, Yi-Wei Zheng, Ye-Hao Hou, Chen-Liang Chang, Da-Wei Zhang, Song-Lin Zhuang, Di Wang, Qiong-Hua Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01730-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-024-01730-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As a frontier technology, holography has important research values in fields such as bio-micrographic imaging, light field modulation and data storage. However, the real-time acquisition of 3D scenes and high-fidelity reconstruction technology has not yet made a breakthrough, which has seriously hindered the development of holography. Here, a novel holographic camera is proposed to solve the above inherent problems completely. The proposed holographic camera consists of the acquisition end and the calculation end. At the acquisition end of the holographic camera, specially configured liquid materials and liquid lens structure based on voice-coil motor-driving are used to produce the liquid camera, so that the liquid camera can quickly capture the focus stack of the real 3D scene within 15 ms. At the calculation end, a new structured focus stack network (FS-Net) is designed for hologram calculation. After training the FS-Net with the focus stack renderer and learnable Zernike phase, it enables hologram calculation within 13 ms. As the first device to achieve real-time incoherent acquisition and high-fidelity holographic reconstruction of a real 3D scene, our proposed holographic camera breaks technical bottlenecks of difficulty in acquiring the real 3D scene, low quality of the holographic reconstructed image, and incorrect defocus blur. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our holographic camera in the acquisition of focal plane information and hologram calculation of the real 3D scene. The proposed holographic camera opens up a new way for the application of holography in fields such as 3D display, light field modulation, and 3D measurement.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143367240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hangyu Xu, Runzhang Xie, Jinshui Miao, Zhenhan Zhang, Haonan Ge, Xuming Shi, Min Luo, Jinjin Wang, Tangxin Li, Xiao Fu, Johnny C. Ho, Peng Zhou, Fang Wang, Weida Hu
{"title":"Critical band-to-band-tunnelling based optoelectronic memory","authors":"Hangyu Xu, Runzhang Xie, Jinshui Miao, Zhenhan Zhang, Haonan Ge, Xuming Shi, Min Luo, Jinjin Wang, Tangxin Li, Xiao Fu, Johnny C. Ho, Peng Zhou, Fang Wang, Weida Hu","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01756-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01756-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Neuromorphic vision hardware, embedded with multiple functions, has recently emerged as a potent platform for machine vision. To realize memory in sensor functions, reconfigurable and non-volatile manipulation of photocarriers is highly desirable. However, previous technologies bear mechanism challenges, such as the ambiguous optoelectronic memory mechanism and high potential barrier, resulting in a limited response speed and a high operating voltage. Here, for the first time, we propose a <i>critical band-to-band tunnelling (BTBT)</i> based device that combines sensing, integration and memory functions. The nearly infinitesimal barrier facilitates the tunnelling process, resulting in a broadband application range (940 nm). Furthermore, the observation of dual negative differential resistance (NDR) points confirms that the <i>critical BTBT</i> of photocarriers contributes to the sub-microsecond photomemory speed. Since the photomemory speed, with no motion blur, is important for motion detection, the critical BTBT memory is expected to enable moving target tracking and recognition, underscoring its superiority in intelligent perception.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143258159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Single-shot super-resolved fringe projection profilometry (SSSR-FPP): 100,000 frames-per-second 3D imaging with deep learning","authors":"Bowen Wang, Wenwu Chen, Jiaming Qian, Shijie Feng, Qian Chen, Chao Zuo","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01721-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-024-01721-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To reveal the fundamental aspects hidden behind a variety of transient events in mechanics, physics, and biology, the highly desired ability to acquire three-dimensional (3D) images with ultrafast temporal resolution has been long sought. As one of the most commonly employed 3D sensing techniques, fringe projection profilometry (FPP) reconstructs the depth of a scene from stereo images taken with sequentially structured illuminations. However, the imaging speed of current FPP methods is generally capped at several kHz, which is limited by the projector-camera hardware and the number of fringe patterns required for phase retrieval and unwrapping. Here we report a novel learning-based ultrafast 3D imaging technique, termed single-shot super-resolved FPP (SSSR-FPP), which enables ultrafast 3D imaging at 100,000 Hz. SSSR-FPP uses only one pair of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), low-resolution, and pixelated fringe patterns as input, while the high-resolution unwrapped phase and fringe orders can be deciphered with a specific trained deep neural network. Our approach exploits the significant speed gain achieved by reducing the imaging window of conventional high-speed cameras, while “regenerating” the lost spatial resolution through deep learning. To demonstrate the high spatio-temporal resolution of SSSR-FPP, we present 3D videography of several transient scenes, including rotating turbofan blades, exploding building blocks, and the reciprocating motion of a steam engine, etc., which were previously challenging or even impossible to capture with conventional methods. Experimental results establish SSSR-FPP as a significant step forward in the field of 3D optical sensing, offering new insights into a broad spectrum of dynamic processes across various scientific disciplines.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143258029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Na Qian, Defu Zhou, Haowen Shu, Ming Zhang, Xingjun Wang, Daoxin Dai, Xiao Deng, Weiwen Zou
{"title":"Analog parallel processor for broadband multifunctional integrated system based on silicon photonic platform","authors":"Na Qian, Defu Zhou, Haowen Shu, Ming Zhang, Xingjun Wang, Daoxin Dai, Xiao Deng, Weiwen Zou","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01753-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01753-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sharing the hardware platform between diverse information systems to establish full cooperation among different functionalities has attracted substantial attention. However, broadband multifunctional integrated systems with large operating frequency ranges are challenging due to the bandwidth and computing speed restrictions of electronic circuitry. Here, we report an analog parallel processor (APP) based on the silicon photonic platform that directly discretizes and parallelizes the broadband signal in the analog domain. The APP first discretizes the signal with the optical frequency comb and then adopts optical dynamic phase interference to reassign the analog signal into 2<sup>N</sup> parallel sequences. Via photonic analog parallelism, data rate and data volume in each sequence are simultaneously compressed, which mitigates the requirement on each parallel computing core. Moreover, the fusion of the outputs from each computing core is equivalent to directly processing broadband signals. In the proof-of-concept experiment, two-channel analog parallel processing of broadband radar signals and high-speed communication signals is implemented on the single photonic integrated circuit. The bandwidth of broadband radar signal is 6 GHz and the range resolution of 2.69 cm is achieved. The wireless communication rate of 8 Gbit/s is also validated. Breaking the bandwidth and speed limitations of the single-computing core along with further exploring the multichannel potential of this architecture, we anticipate that the proposed APP will accelerate the development of powerful opto-electronic processors as critical support for applications such as satellite networks and intelligent driving.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143258160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microscale insight into the proton concentration during electrolytic reaction via an optical microfiber: potential for microcurrent monitoring by a dielectric probe","authors":"Yunyun Huang, Jiaxuan Liang, Haotian Wu, Pengwei Chen, Aoxiang Xiao, Bai-Ou Guan","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01770-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01770-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Local microcurrent monitoring is of great significance for biological and battery systems, yet it poses a formidable challenge. The current measurement techniques rely on electromagnetic materials which inevitably introduce interference to the system under examination. To address this issue, a promising approach based on a dielectric fiber-optic sensor is demonstrated. The microfiber is capable of detecting microcurrent through monitoring the localized proton concentration signal with a pH resolution of 0.0052 pH units. By sensing the refractive index variation surrounding the sensor induced by the interaction between local proton concentration changes and oxidizer-treated microfiber surface through the evanescent field, this sensing mechanism effectively avoids the interference of the electromagnetic material on the performance of the tested system. This sensor exhibits a limit of detection for microcurrent of 1 μA. The sensing region is a microfiber with a diameter of 8.8 μm. It can get invaluable information that cannot be obtained through conventional electrochemical methods. Examples include photocurrent attenuation in photogenerated carrier materials during illumination, electrical activation in nerve cells, and fluctuations in the efficiency of electrical energy generation during battery discharge. This approach provides a powerful complement to electrochemical methods for the elucidation of microscale reaction mechanisms. The information provided by the prepared dielectric fiber-optic sensor will shed more light on proton kinetics and electrochemical and electrobiological mechanisms, which may fill an important gap in the current bioelectricity and battery monitoring methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143258028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael S. Spencer, Joanna M. Urban, Maximilian Frenzel, Niclas S. Mueller, Olga Minakova, Martin Wolf, Alexander Paarmann, Sebastian F. Maehrlein
{"title":"Electro-optic cavities for in-situ measurement of cavity fields","authors":"Michael S. Spencer, Joanna M. Urban, Maximilian Frenzel, Niclas S. Mueller, Olga Minakova, Martin Wolf, Alexander Paarmann, Sebastian F. Maehrlein","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01685-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-024-01685-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cavity electrodynamics offers a unique avenue for tailoring ground-state material properties, excited-state engineering, and versatile control of quantum matter. Merging these concepts with high-field physics in the terahertz (THz) spectral range opens the door to explore low-energy, field-driven cavity electrodynamics, emerging from fundamental resonances or order parameters. Despite this demand, leveraging the full potential of field-driven material control in cavities is hindered by the lack of direct access to the intra-cavity fields. Here, we demonstrate a new concept of active cavities, consisting of electro-optic Fabry-Pérot resonators, which measure their intra-cavity electric fields on sub-cycle timescales. We thereby demonstrate quantitative retrieval of the cavity modes in amplitude and phase, over a broad THz frequency range. To enable simultaneous intra-cavity sampling alongside excited-state material control, we design a tunable multi-layer cavity, enabling deterministic design of hybrid cavities for polaritonic systems. Our theoretical models reveal the origin of the avoided crossings embedded in the intricate mode dispersion, and will enable fully-switchable polaritonic effects within arbitrary materials hosted by the hybrid cavity. Electro-optic cavities (EOCs) will therefore serve as integrated probes of light-matter interactions across all coupling regimes, laying the foundation for field-resolved intra-cavity quantum electrodynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"526 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-parameter control of photodetection in van der Waals magnet CrSBr","authors":"Shiqi Yang, Zhigang Song, Yuchen Gao, Leyan Huang, Xinyue Huang, Pingfan Gu, Wenjing Liu, Zuxin Chen, Yu Ye","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01737-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-024-01737-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Photodetectors equipped with multi-parameter control hold the potential to deliver exceptional performance in a wide range of scenarios, paving the way for developing novel spin-opto-electronic devices. Nevertheless, the integration of such capabilities within a single device is challenging due to the necessity of harmonizing multiple materials with varying degrees of freedom. In this study, we introduce the van der Waals magnet CrSBr, featuring inherent anisotropy and distinctive spin-electronic coupling, to this realm. The linear dichroic ratio of the photocurrent in CrSBr tunneling device can reach ~60 at 1.65 K, and the photoresponse experiences a significant boost with increasing magnetic field. Additionally, the unique spin-charge coupling engenders a photon energy-dependent photocurrent that is modulated by an external field and is validated by first-principle calculations. Our findings elucidate the effective multi-parameter control of photodetection based on vdWs magnet CrSBr, highlighting its potential applications in cutting-edge optoelectronic devices and as a highly sensitive probe medium.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143077179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhilin Liu, Mingxiu Liu, Liujian Qi, Nan Zhang, Bin Wang, Xiaojuan Sun, Rongjun Zhang, Dabing Li, Shaojuan Li
{"title":"Versatile on-chip polarization-sensitive detection system for optical communication and artificial vision","authors":"Zhilin Liu, Mingxiu Liu, Liujian Qi, Nan Zhang, Bin Wang, Xiaojuan Sun, Rongjun Zhang, Dabing Li, Shaojuan Li","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01744-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01744-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Polarization is an important attribute of light and can be artificially modulated as a versatile information carrier. Conventional polarization-sensitive photodetection relies on a combination of polarizing optical elements and standard photodetectors, which requires a substantial amount of space and manufacturing expenses. Although on-chip polarized photodetectors have been realized in recent years based on two-dimensional (2D) materials with low-symmetry crystal structures, they are limited by the intrinsic anisotropic property and thus the optional range of materials, the operation wavelength, and more importantly, the low anisotropic ratio, hindering their practical applications. In this work, we construct a versatile platform that transcends the constraints of material anisotropy, by integrating WSe<sub>2</sub>-based photodetector with MoS<sub>2</sub>-based field-effect transistor, delivering high-performance broadband polarization detection capability with orders of magnitude improvement in anisotropic ratio and on/off ratio. The polarization arises from hot electron injection caused by the plasmonic metal electrode and is amplified by the transistor to raise the anisotropic ratio from 2 to an impressive value over 60 in the infrared (IR) band, reaching the level of existing applications. Meanwhile, the system achieves a significant improvement in photosensitivity, with an on/off ratio of over 10<sup>3</sup> in the IR band. Based on the above performance optimization, we demonstrated its polarization-modulated IR optical communication ability and polarized artificial vision applications with a high image recognition accuracy of ~99%. The proposed platform provides a promising route for the development of the long-sought minimized, high-performance, multifunctional optoelectronic systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143077180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaocong Wang, Benhai Wang, Wenbin He, Xintong Zhang, Qi Huang, Zhiyuan Huang, Xin Jiang, Meng Pang, Philip. St. J. Russell
{"title":"Retiming dynamics of harmonically mode-locked laser solitons in a self-driven optomechanical lattice","authors":"Xiaocong Wang, Benhai Wang, Wenbin He, Xintong Zhang, Qi Huang, Zhiyuan Huang, Xin Jiang, Meng Pang, Philip. St. J. Russell","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01736-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-024-01736-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Harmonic mode-locking, realized actively or passively, is an effective technique for increasing the repetition rate of ultrafast lasers. It is critically important to understand how a harmonically mode-locked pulse train responds to external perturbations and noise, so as to make sure that it is stable and resistant to noise. Here, in a series of carefully designed experiments, we elucidate the retiming dynamics of laser pulses generated in a soliton fiber laser harmonically mode-locked at GHz frequencies to the acoustic resonance in a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) core. We characterize the self-driven optomechanical lattice, which is distributed along the PCF and provides the structure that supports harmonic mode-locking, using a homodyne setup. We reveal that, after an abrupt perturbation, each soliton in the lattice undergoes damped oscillatory retiming within its trapping potential, while the retiming is strongly coupled to soliton dissipation. In addition, we show, through statistical analysis of the intra-cavity pulse spacing, how the trapping potentials are effective for suppressing timing jitter. The measurements and the theory developed in this work lay the groundwork for studies of the general stability and noise performance of harmonically mode-locked lasers as well as providing valuable insight into generic multi-pulse phenomena in mode-locked lasers.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143077181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhiyuan Liu, Haicheng Cao, Xiao Tang, Tingang Liu, Yi Lu, Zixian Jiang, Na Xiao, Xiaohang Li
{"title":"Advanced technologies in InGaN micro-LED fabrication to mitigate the sidewall effect","authors":"Zhiyuan Liu, Haicheng Cao, Xiao Tang, Tingang Liu, Yi Lu, Zixian Jiang, Na Xiao, Xiaohang Li","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01751-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01751-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The size of InGaN micro-LEDs is continuously decreasing to meet the demands of various emerging applications, especially in tiny micro-displays such as AR/VR. However, the conventional pixel definition based on plasma etching significantly damages the mesa sidewalls, leading to a severe reduction in efficiency as the micro-LED size decreases. This seriously impedes the development and application of micro-LEDs. In this work, we comprehensively explain the origin of micro-LED sidewall effects and corresponding physical models. Subsequently, we systematically review recent progress in micro-LED fabrication aiming at suppressing sidewall effects. Furthermore, we discuss advancements in micro-LED fabrication with “damage-free” techniques, which hold the potential to fundamentally address the issue of plasma damage in the micro-LED process. We believe this review will deepen the understanding of micro-LED sidewall effects and provide a better insight into the latest associated fabrication technologies for high-efficient InGaN micro-LEDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}