Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics最新文献

{"title":"High-Efficiency Synthesis of Sequence-Defined Polymers via an IrAAC/Etherification/CuAAC-Based Amplified-IEG Strategy","authors":"Ningning Song,&nbsp;Tingting Qiu,&nbsp;Teng Wang,&nbsp;Shengtao Ding","doi":"10.1002/macp.70312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.70312","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Simultaneously achieving rapid chain amplification and programmable monomer variation remains a central challenge in the synthesis of sequence-defined macromolecules. Here, we describe a higher-order growth mode, termed amplified-IEG, which differs from classical iterative exponential growth by integrating exponential-like chain extension with programmed monomer variation within a single growth cycle. To realize this growth mode, we incorporate Williamson etherification into an orthogonal CuAAC/IrAAC platform, thereby establishing a three-step IrAAC/etherification/CuAAC growth cycle. This design affords structurally regular sequence-defined oligomers with a relatively homogeneous triazole-based backbone linkage environment. Using this strategy, we obtain sequence-defined oligomers containing up to 46 monomer units in only four cycles. Furthermore, latent side-chain hydroxyl handles are preserved throughout the amplified-IEG process and could be selectively unveiled at the final stage by deprotection.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18054,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics","volume":"227 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148616195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cationic and Amine-Containing Polymers","authors":"Friederike Adams,&nbsp;Anja Träger","doi":"10.1002/macp.70317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.70317","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The remarkable versatility of cationic polymers has transformed them from classical flocculants into key components of modern biomaterials and nanomedicine. Cationic polymers, especially those that contain several amino groups with tunable pKa values, represent a versatile class of macromolecules defined by their ability to engage in electrostatic interactions with negatively charged biologically relevant molecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, bacteria, and mammalian cell membranes. Furthermore, these polymers also find applications in mineral recovery, paper manufacturing, and wastewater treatment, as well as in ion exchange and stabilization.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Key types of cationic polymers include peptides and their derivatives (e.g., polylysine, polyornithine), synthetic polymers (e.g., poly(ethylene imine)), dendrimers, polysaccharide-based molecules (e.g., chitosan), resins (e.g., melamine-formaldehyde resins), and other natural polymers. However, managing the inherent complexity involved in the development of cationic polymers requires creative chemical strategies that explore the synthesis, including post-polymerization functionalization, and analysis of these cationic and/or amine-containing polymers. This virtual special issue highlights the most recent advancements in their synthesis, structural analysis, and broad application areas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The contributions in this section illustrate how modern synthetic polymer chemistry combines precise polymerization techniques with versatile post-polymerization functionalization strategies to maintain backbone stability and to tailor charge, architecture, and functionality for diverse applications. Such synthetic strategies enable the preparation of sophisticated polymer architectures, including nanogels, bottle brush copolymers, and amphiphilic polymers, which can be precisely tuned with respect to charge density, biocompatibility, and stimuli-responsiveness.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Several contributions address the challenge of introducing amine functionalities while maintaining synthetic control. Michaudel et al. report on a significant advance in ring-opening metathesis polymerization of pyrido[2,3-&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;]norbornadiene, a pyridine functionalized norbornene-derivate, using acidic conditions to prevent the coordination of pyridine motifs to ruthenium catalysts through protonation. After post-polymerization modification with various alkyl electrophiles, well-defined main-chain cationic polymers were obtained (https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.202500456). Likewise, Nuhn and co-workers demonstrate how Boc-protection of the crosslinker spermine, to generate sec-N-Boc-spermine, prevents premature hydrolysis of aliphatic polycarbonate backbones. After deprotection of the crosslinker under acidic conditions, cationic, degradable nanogels for nucleic acid delivery are obtained (https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.202500401). Extending this toolbox of synthetic approaches, Das and coworkers synthesized an amphiphilic copolyester through","PeriodicalId":18054,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics","volume":"227 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/macp.70317","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Luminescence-Quenching UV Sensors Based on Photocatalytic Polysiloxanes","authors":"Sofia S. Kryukova,&nbsp;Elizaveta Averyanova,&nbsp;Elena R. Votchel,&nbsp;Vadim Yu. Kukushkin,&nbsp;Regina M. Islamova","doi":"10.1002/macp.70309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.70309","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Iridium-containing polysiloxanes were developed as advanced coatings for UV-exposure detection, offering a straightforward alternative to conventional electronic sensors. Vinyl- and thiol-containing polysiloxanes were cross-linked under UV-A irradiation at room-temperature in the presence of various iridium-containing polysiloxanes, resulting in luminescence quenching (QY &lt; 1%) and enabling direct visual detection of UV exposure within 5–10 min using simple light sources such as a flashlight. The swelling measurements provided insight into the network architecture and confirmed successful cross-linking of polymers. The resulting silicone materials exhibited thermal stability with T_5% values of 371°C–401°C (argon) and 330°C–355°C (air), representing an improvement over conventional silicone rubber. This approach offers a straightforward route to luminescent silicone coatings with versatile applications, including visual detection of unwanted UV exposure during storage of equipment and prevention of photodegradation and aging of sensitive compounds.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18054,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics","volume":"227 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148616075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generalizing Ellipsometric Measurement for Determining Thermal Transitions in Vitrimer Films","authors":"Yuming Wang,&nbsp;Zhe Qiang","doi":"10.1002/macp.70314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.70314","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vitrimers are a class of associative covalent adaptable networks characterized by dynamic bond exchange, which allows thermoset-like materials to be reprocessed without loss of crosslink density. These materials generally exhibit two important thermal transitions: the glass transition temperature (T_g) and the topology freezing temperature (T_v). T_v defines the transition from a traditional thermoset network behavior to a viscoelastic state capable of topological rearrangement. Conventional T_v characterization typically relies on temperature-dependent thermomechanical measurements, where applied forces could perturb polymer relaxation and dynamic bond exchange. Although stress-free methods such as scattering and fluorescence sensing have been explored, they could be difficult to scale or extend to complex systems such as phase-separated blends. This study generalizes ellipsometric characterization for identifying key thermal transitions in vitrimer thin films, phase-separated vitrimer blends, and porous systems. Using model systems, we show that ellipsometric thickness measurements can resolve both T_g and apparent T_v in a single heating–cooling cycle. Notably, reducing the thickness of vitrimer thin films can significantly shift their T_g while leaving T_v largely unchanged, highlighting the distinct sensitivities of segmental mobility and bond-exchange-mediated topology rearrangement to confinement. These results establish ellipsometry as an external stress-free method for characterizing apparent T_v in heterogeneous and confined vitrimer systems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18054,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics","volume":"227 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148616076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circularity Applied to TPU Waste From the Tableware Industry","authors":"Sofia Caldas,&nbsp;Inês Almeida,&nbsp;Flávio Azedo,&nbsp;Jorge Marinheiro,&nbsp;Ana Barros Timmons,&nbsp;Nuno Gama","doi":"10.1002/macp.70313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.70313","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Polyurethane (PU) consumption continues to increase, raising growing concerns related to waste and its environmental impact. Hence, efforts have been directed toward the development of recycling technologies capable of recovering raw materials in line with circular economy principles. Within this framework, acidolysis has emerged as an effective depolymerization route and has been extensively studied for the recycling of PU foams. However, despite its relevance, the application of acidolysis to thermoplastic PU (TPU) remains largely unexplored. This study addresses this gap by investigating the chemical recycling of TPU residues generated from the ceramic sector. The influence of temperature, reaction time, and PU/acid molar ratio on the acid value (AV), hydroxyl number (IOH), and molar mass (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mover>\u0000 <mi>M</mi>\u0000 <mo>¯</mo>\u0000 </mover>\u0000 <mi>w</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <annotation>${{{mathrm{bar{M}}}}_{mathrm{w}}}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>) of the recycled polyol (RP) was evaluated, and the degradation mechanisms were examined through spectroscopy and chromatography analysis. Finally, the potential use of the RP is assessed through its incorporation into new TPU formulations, revealing its suitability for partial substitution of commercial polyol up to 20 wt.% without compromising key thermal and mechanical properties. Overall, this study broadens the scope of acidolysis to an underexplored PU waste stream and proposes a viable circular recycling route for TPU residues from the ceramics industry.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18054,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics","volume":"227 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation of Curcumin-Eluting, Mechanically Reinforced Bioactive Membranes Incorporating PLA-Bioceramics Composite Microspheres for GBR Applications","authors":"Shivi Tripathi,&nbsp;Madhusmita Dash,&nbsp;Pooja Makwana,&nbsp;Bindiya Dhimmar,&nbsp;Rajesh Vasita,&nbsp;Chinmaya Mahapatra,&nbsp;Bhisham Narayan Singh,&nbsp;Harpreet Singh,&nbsp;Himansu Sekhar Nanda","doi":"10.1002/macp.70308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.70308","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bone resorption and inadequate osteointegration remain major challenges in guided bone regeneration (GBR). Conventional barrier membranes primarily prevent soft tissue infiltration but provide limited bioactivity and therapeutic functionality. In this study, multifunctional GBR membranes were developed using functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-reinforced chitosan/hydroxyapatite composites incorporating polylactic acid/hydroxyapatite (PLA/HA) and polylactic acid/calcium sulfate (PLA/CS) microspheres, with and without curcumin loading. Structural characterization confirmed the successful incorporation and compatibility of all membrane constituents. The developed membranes exhibited favorable mechanical properties, achieving a maximum tensile strength of 23.6 ± 0.2 MPa, while contact angle measurements below 90° indicated good surface wettability. In vitro bioactivity studies demonstrated apatite formation following immersion in simulated body fluid, confirming the osteoconductive potential of the membranes. Cytocompatibility assessment showed cell viability exceeding 70% for all formulations. Furthermore, curcumin-loaded membranes exhibited sustained drug release for up to 35 days, highlighting their potential as localized therapeutic delivery systems. The incorporation of bioceramic-reinforced microspheres enhanced membrane functionality without compromising the essential characteristics required for GBR. Overall, these multifunctional membranes demonstrate significant promise as bioactive barrier systems capable of providing mechanical support, controlled drug delivery, and enhanced bone regeneration.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18054,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics","volume":"227 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardanol-Modified Alkyd Resin-Based Polyurethane/MoS2 Nanocomposite Coatings","authors":"Vikas J. Patil,&nbsp;Diwakar Chauhan,&nbsp;Bhushan S. Patil,&nbsp;Kiran S. Patil,&nbsp;Swapnil L. Sonawane,&nbsp;Vikas V. Gite","doi":"10.1002/macp.70306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.70306","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study demonstrated the development of polyurethane (PU) nanocomposite coatings incorporating biobased cardanol-modified alkyd polyol and MoS₂ nanoparticles. Initially, biobased cardanol diol was synthesized by ring-opening of cardanol monoglycidyl ether. Thereafter, alkyd resin was produced from prepared cardanol diol by solution condensation polymerization. ATR-FTIR and ¹H NMR spectroscopies were used for the polyol structure confirmation. Then, the polyol was converted to PU coatings by reacting it with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and modified using a loading of changing percentages (0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 4%) of MoS₂ nanoparticles. The corrosion performance of the resulting coatings was studied using immersion and electrochemical methods. The results showed that increasing the concentration of MoS₂ nanoparticles enhanced the corrosion resistance of PU nanocomposite coatings. The uniform distribution of MoS₂ nanoparticles was observed in the coatings, as evidenced by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermal stability was investigated by thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), which showed increased stability with increasing nanoparticle loading percentage. The nanocomposite coatings exhibited better adhesion, flexibility, hydrophobicity, and chemical resistance than the PU coating in the absence of nanoparticles and the uncoated sample (mild steel panel). The amorphous and hydrophobic natures of coatings were observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and contact angle estimation, respectively.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18054,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics","volume":"227 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequence Modulated Thionoester-Containing Poly(ε-caprolactone) for Stimuli-Triggered Degradation","authors":"Andrea Mialdea Molina,&nbsp;Zixiao Liang,&nbsp;Tomohiro Kubo,&nbsp;Kotaro Satoh","doi":"10.1002/macp.70297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.70297","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Degradable polyesters containing selectively cleavable thionoester linkages are synthesized via ring-opening copolymerization of ε-caprolactone (CL) and bio-based monothionated lactide (SLA). Reactivity ratio analysis reveals highly preferential SLA incorporation, yielding gradient copolymers with concentrated incorporation of SLA units at the chain-initiating ends. The resulting thionoester-containing poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) exhibits enhanced degradability under nucleophilic stimuli compared to conventional PCL, while maintaining thermal and aqueous stability. Strategic use of bifunctional initiators and a sequential monomer addition approach achieves more uniform thionoester distribution, improving fragmentation efficiency. These approaches enable rational design of polyesters with tailored backbone sequences for enhanced degradation by controlled polymer fragmentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18054,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics","volume":"227 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/macp.70297","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148533965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precise Synthesis and Liquid Crystallinity of Poly(Alkylene 4,4'-bibenzoate)-Based Oligomers and Alternating Copolyesters","authors":"Yoshimichi Shimomura,&nbsp;Atsuya Kawamura,&nbsp;Yuki Sawatari,&nbsp;Takashi Kajitani,&nbsp;Junji Watanabe,&nbsp;Gen-ichi Konishi","doi":"10.1002/macp.70307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.70307","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Poly(alkylene 4,4'-bibenzoate)s (<b>BB-<i>n</i></b>), a class of semi-flexible main-chain thermotropic liquid-crystalline polyesters (TLCPs), exhibit well-defined and thermally stable smectic A or C_A phases and have therefore been widely investigated. <b>BB-<i>n</i></b> are typically synthesized via polycondensation of 4,4'-bibenzoate and diols; however, precise control over molecular weight and molecular sequence remains challenging, hindering the development of well-defined oligomers and sequence-controlled copolymers. Herein, we precisely synthesized <b>BB-<i>n</i></b>-based dimers, trimers, and alternating copolymers via Suzuki–Miyaura cross coupling reaction, and their LC properties were systematically evaluated. While the <b>BB-<i>n</i></b> dimers and trimers did not exhibit any LC phases, alternating copolymers—composed of pentylene and hexylene or 2,2,3,3,4,4-tetrafluoropentylene spacers—formed higher-ordered smectic-like phases with lower isotropization temperatures compared to the corresponding <b>BB-<i>n</i></b>. This study demonstrates that spacer-sequence engineering is an effective molecular design and opens new possibilities for structural and morphological control in <b>BB-<i>n</i></b> type TLCPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":18054,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics","volume":"227 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/macp.70307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148533964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Reactive Fluoropolymer Particles Using Poly-Vinyl-Oxazoline and Its Electrically Conductive Composite with a Small Amount of MWCNTs","authors":"Haruto Awazu,&nbsp;Ryoma Tokonami,&nbsp;Shuhei Yamaguchi,&nbsp;Masaji Komori,&nbsp;Ken Okanishi,&nbsp;Akiyoshi Yamauchi,&nbsp;Tatsuhiro Takahashi","doi":"10.1002/macp.70305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.70305","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A conductive perfluorinated ethylene-propylene (FEP) composite (FEP-Pvozo-MWCNTs; MWCNTs = multiwalled carbon nanotubes) is developed through a two-step covalent coating process mediated by the reactive polymer poly(2-vinyl-2-oxazoline) (Pvozo), followed by press molding, with the aim of imparting conductivity to the intrinsically insulating fluoropolymer. First, Pvozo is chemically anchored onto the FEP surface via a reaction between the carboxyl groups at the FEP termini and the oxazoline groups of Pvozo (coating amount: ∼1.09 wt.%), indicating that approximately one-fourth of the input amount is successfully coated. The residual oxazoline groups are subsequently used to strongly immobilize MWCNTs (coating amount: ∼0.099 wt.%), achieving highly efficient introduction of MWCNTs. An evaluation of the electrical conductivity shows that the FEP-Pvozo-MWCNT composite is conductive, with a volume resistivity of 1.5 × 10⁶ Ω·cm. Optical microscopy confirms that this conductivity arises because Pvozo functions as a cross-linking agent, suppressing aggregation of the MWCNTs during melt processing and enabling the formation of uniform conductive pathways. This technique is an effective strategy for efficiently introducing inherently difficult-to-disperse MWCNTs into inert fluoropolymers, thereby successfully imparting conductivity while maintaining their superior properties. The developed composite is expected to find applications in diverse fields, including electronic materials and electromagnetic interference shielding materials.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18054,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics","volume":"227 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148533967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}