2022 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)最新文献

{"title":"The Measurement and Optimization of ICT Energy Consumption","authors":"Erol Gelenbe","doi":"10.1109/ISTAS55053.2022.10227107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS55053.2022.10227107","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers important issues surrounding the energy consumption by Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) which has been steadily growing and is now attaining approximately 10% of the worldwide electricity consumption with a significant impact on greenhouse gas emissions. The perimeter of ICT systems is discussed, and the role of the sub-systems that compose ICT is considered. Data from recent years is used to consider how each of these subsystems contribute to ICT’s energy consumption. The positive correlation between the penetration of ICT in some of the world’s different economies and the same economies’ contributions to undesirable greenhouse gas emissions is also discussed. We also examine how emerging technologies such as 5G, edge computing and cryptocurrencies are contributing to the worldwide increase in electricity consumption by ICT, despite the ever increase in efficiency, in energy per bit processed, stored or transmitted by ICT systems. The measurement of specific ICT systems’ electricity consumption is considered, and the manner in which this consumption can be minimized in two specific technical contexts is also discussed in some detail.","PeriodicalId":180420,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114388049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Educational Standards Using Visualization Dashboards for Decision Making","authors":"Justin Colyar Barrett, Katina Michael, Ross Maciejewski, L. Tate","doi":"10.1109/ISTAS55053.2022.10227101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS55053.2022.10227101","url":null,"abstract":"Education is one of the most important predictors for success for young children around the world. In the United States, there have been significant movements and progress to advance education to foster the next generation of talent, as seen with legislation such as the No Child Left Behind Act, and, more recently, Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA). As a way to provide the public with information and to create a convenient way to view, interpret, compare and contrast educational data, many states in the U.S. have created dashboards at different levels of government that encapsulate performance, along with environmental factors, such as income. These dashboards allow for public accountability and for individuals to see how well certain schools, districts, or areas are performing. By providing these visualizations to educators, principals, and lawmakers, people with authority and power to make meaningful change in K-12 education are better equipped to do so. Such dashboards can carry some unintended consequences, such as the possibility of incorrectly correlating performance with action. But when the underlying issues may be more systemic, for example, based on differences in demographics, these effects can be minimized by creating better quality dashboards that clearly depict demographics alongside performance metrics and outcomes. This paper is significant in reviewing education-specific dashboards and the need to build better dashboards, ensuring that benefits are achieved for a variety of stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":180420,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114441291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Analysis of Terms of Service and Official Policies with Respect to Sex Work","authors":"Rasika Bhalerao","doi":"10.1109/ISTAS55053.2022.10227104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS55053.2022.10227104","url":null,"abstract":"Policymakers who design the rules that govern the internet and the technologists who implement them can often be disconnected from some of the populations affected by their products. In this study, we analyze the terms of service, community guidelines, privacy policies, and other documents officially issued by online platforms in the United States to discuss their implications with regards to a marginalized population of interest: workers in the sex industry, ranging in autonomy from sex workers with a high degree of autonomy to survivors of sex trafficking. While criminalized and stigmatized populations such as sex industry workers are underrepresented among technologists, we show how technological decision makers without subject matter knowledge or understanding of the motivations and effects on the population can unintentionally lead to harming sex industry workers. Our analysis is in line with sex industry worker-led movements to stop arresting sex industry workers, de-stigmatize sex work, and let sex industry workers remain and flourish in online life. We study over 100 online platforms from 13 platform types and discuss the laws, perceptions, and motivations behind their policies regarding the sex industry, and how these policies affect sex industry workers. We find that platforms generally view sex industry workers as either criminals, victims, spam, or entrepreneurs; we show how using the first three paradigms to characterize the entire industry can lead to stigmatization, overly general and restrictive rules, and decreased accessibility to online life. We use this study as an example to illustrate the need for a cultural shift in the technology community towards empathy and social education and provide concrete research directions towards a solution.","PeriodicalId":180420,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128530646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Mobile Health Technologies Can Transform Social Relationships in a Population-Level Fitness Promotion Campaign","authors":"Stephen Fernandez, Suzanne L. Seah","doi":"10.1109/ISTAS55053.2022.10227088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS55053.2022.10227088","url":null,"abstract":"Interest in mobile health (mHealth) technologies has grown steadily over the past decade, with individuals as well as public and private organizations turning to fitness tracking devices as a technological means of monitoring their health. Research on mHealth technologies has focused mainly on the use of fitness tracking devices on an individual-basis or as part of wellness plans that operate on the organizational level. There appears to be a paucity of research that attends to the use of mHealth technologies in national, population-level health and fitness campaigns. Singapore’s National Steps Challenge (NSC) is one of the first national, population-level campaigns that uses wearable fitness trackers and an accompanying digital app (Healthy 365) to monitor selected health metrics and encourage residents to participate in physical activity. Participants in the NSC are rewarded with health points based on their level of physical activity. These points can be used to redeem goods and services. While there is some research on the health outcomes of the NSC, the social impact of this Challenge has yet to be fully understood. The NSC leverages on the technological affordances and social affordances of wearable fitness trackers and the Healthy 365 app to encourage participants to engage in physical activity through fitness-oriented challenges like the “steps challenge”. Technological affordances extend human affordances or action possibilities by way of technology. Social affordances refer to the action possibilities for socialization that can be actualized when people interact with others and establish social connections. This paper seeks to understand how the use of mHealth technologies among NSC participants can transform their social relationships with others, including their family and friends. We propose that when digital technologies intervene in the relationships between different users, the technological affordances of the technology (consisting of a wearable fitness tracker and the Healthy 365 app) employed in the NSC presents users with action possibilities for socialization, which constitute the social affordances of the technology. How the users engage with the social affordances while actively participating in the NSC would vary depending on changes in their social context, which is contingent on the specific group of people with whom the users choose to socialize and the types of activities that they perform together. In this paper, we offer a small-scale exploratory pilot study that seeks to gain a preliminary understanding of the social impact of the NSC.","PeriodicalId":180420,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127600578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ISTAS 22 Inaugural Talk – Challenges to SSIT","authors":"Maxine S. Cohen","doi":"10.1109/istas55053.2022.10227132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istas55053.2022.10227132","url":null,"abstract":"I am a retired professor, whose major research area was Human Computer Interaction. I was a co-author on Designing the User Interface, $6 ^{th}$ edition published in 2017.","PeriodicalId":180420,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114860418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prioritizing Inclusion in Urban Development","authors":"Cris Greera","doi":"10.1109/ISTAS55053.2022.10227110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS55053.2022.10227110","url":null,"abstract":"A growing number of smart city initiatives have been launched over the last decade, often using emerging technologies and data to tackle complex urban challenges. While existing literature acknowledges the potential benefits of smart cities, such as the growth of the economy and improved city operations, their inclusivity has received little research. Without appropriate strategies and indicators that measure, and support inclusion, minorities and underrepresented populations may experience social and digital exclusion. Therefore, this paper aims to review and synthesize the research on inclusivity in smart cities. My research questions are: (1) why is it vital to measure the effectiveness of inclusivity in a smart city? and (2) how do we measure and ensure that cities are being built with inclusion in mind? The methodology is an investigation into the models, frameworks, and tools that are used by current scholars and practitioners. This research is critical to build cities that can fulfill the physical, economic, cultural, and social needs of every citizen. Cities that embrace, welcome, and encourage all members of our communities to interact, thrive and prosper.","PeriodicalId":180420,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"159 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129236597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Vulnerability in the Context of Water Infrastructure Management","authors":"R. Dziedzic, K. Schmitt","doi":"10.1109/ISTAS55053.2022.10227131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS55053.2022.10227131","url":null,"abstract":"Aging infrastructure jeopardizes the safe and efficient delivery of critical services, such as water, transportation and flood management. Cities across the globe are not able to keep up with the pace of crumbling infrastructure and must prioritize the replacement and maintenance of certain assets within available budgets. The lack of resources and mismanagement can have dire consequences, as seen in the cases of water contamination in Walkerton, Ontario and Flint, Michigan. Although strategies exist to manage risks of critical infrastructure failure, they do not fully account for social vulnerability. A review of social vulnerability indices indicates that they are largely applied to better understanding risks related to natural and manmade disaster. More recent studies have also focused on the vulnerabilities amplified by the covid-19 pandemic. This attention on acute, urgent and episodic events can be explained by the greater media and policy attention they receive. However, routine risks as caused by infrastructure deterioration generate substantial economic and health consequences and need to be addressed. Infrastructure failure has been found to disproportionately impact marginalized communities. While certain studies frame infrastructure vulnerability as a dimension of social vulnerability, separating these two concepts can enable a better understanding of the feedback loops between social and infrastructure vulnerability. Accordingly, a layered vulnerability approach is proposed. Five key recommendations are made for developing a social vulnerability framework and index to be applied in water infrastructure management decision-making.","PeriodicalId":180420,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123046184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FARmAPP: a process-driven solution to prevent and oppose illegal recruitment in agriculture in Northern Italy","authors":"M. Mantovani, Carlo Combi","doi":"10.1109/ISTAS55053.2022.10227121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS55053.2022.10227121","url":null,"abstract":"Illegal recruitment in agriculture is an issue that affects many different aspects, from the workers’ physical and psychological health conditions to the overall economy. This phenomenon is particularly complex, and many disciplines are trying to face it. In the domain of computer science, one of the possibilities is to improve the systems used by the recruitment/temp agencies. In this study, we propose FARmAPP, a process-driven tool used by the recruitment agencies and farms. FARmAPP was developed using an agile approach with a direct contribution from three different recruitment agencies that operates in three Italian regions. FARmAPP collects and analyzes usage data to monitor “suspect” behaviors from the farms that could lead back to illegal recruitment or workers exploitation. We also created a new custom algorithm to analyze the CVs of the unemployed people to suggest the best candidates for each different job. After the development of FARmAPP, we trained over 80 agencies employees to use and manage FARmAPP autonomously. Their feedback was overall positive, and they stated that FARmAPP is a helpful tool to be included in their system when dealing with agricultural jobs.","PeriodicalId":180420,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"502 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121087001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a Roadmap for Tracking Sustainability in Bioenergy Transitions","authors":"Saurabh Biswas, Chrissi A. Antonopoulos, T. Seiple, C. Bakker, Michael Walsh, A. Coleman","doi":"10.1109/ISTAS55053.2022.10227136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS55053.2022.10227136","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainability of any transition is contingent on both the processes and outcomes. To measure if a particular program or project is sustainable, a heterogenous set of methods and indicators are required to evaluate processes and outcomes at the same time. In this paper, we characterize the parameters of programmatic evaluation and propose a sustainability tracking roadmap for bioenergy conversions. Drawing from the state of scholarship on triple bottom line (TBL) sustainability, multi-dimensional systems view of sustainability transitions and bioenergy, the breadth of sustainability questions are framed. Comparing to a selection of commonly used measurement and evaluation approaches, including several of those funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), a profile of coverage for sustainability issues is generated. We find that nearly all of the current approaches focus mostly on planetary or regional-scale questions and on project-efficiency metrics. A significant gap exists in capturing intermediate-scale phenomenon and social dynamics of interventions. This creates blind spots in capturing justice, equity, and economic futures at local scales. The proposed sustainability tracking roadmap offer a mixed-methods heuristic to design and implement a suite of indicators and data processes for TBL accounting. Operational questions of integrating evaluation with planning, data use and production, and stakeholder roles and capacities are discussed.","PeriodicalId":180420,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"189 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114851039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical Reflections on the Ethical Regulation of AI: Challenges with Existing Frameworks and Alternative Regulation Approaches","authors":"Hayden Cooreman, Qin Zhu","doi":"10.1109/ISTAS55053.2022.10227116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS55053.2022.10227116","url":null,"abstract":"This paper synthesizes three fundamental challenges within existing frameworks for the ethical regulation of artificial intelligence (AI) identified in recently published literature. These challenges have recently been raised by ethicists, computer scientists, and policymakers. More specifically, existing frameworks are encountering challenges such as the difficulties that come along with defining an AI, adapting to the needs of the public in participating in democratic governance, and considering the environmental impacts of these systems. After critically reviewing the three challenges, this paper proposes alternative regulatory approaches to address each of these regulatory challenges. To address the definition challenge, we propose a multidimensional approach to defining AI. We argue that a relational approach can be helpful for making visible the cultural context in which AI systems are embedded. Finally, we suggest that involving a systematic environmental studies approach in assessing AI is conducive to the development of not only more environmentally friendly AI systems but also AI technologies that can be used to address challenging global environmental issues.","PeriodicalId":180420,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"274 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115109962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}