Lifestyle Genomics最新文献

{"title":"Erratum","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000512164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000512164","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18030,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle Genomics","volume":"14 1","pages":"62 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000512164","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45816331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proceedings of the 4th European Summer School on Nutrigenomics (ESSN 2021), June 21-25, 2021.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000517609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000517609","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18030,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle Genomics","volume":"14 3","pages":"91-116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000517609","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39119288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene-Centric Database Reveals Environmental and Lifestyle Relationships for Potential Risk Modification and Prevention.","authors":"Ron L Martin","doi":"10.1159/000512690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000512690","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The database at Nutrigenetics.net has been under development since 2007 to facilitate the identification and classification of PubMed articles relevant to human genetics. A controlled vocabulary (i.e., standardized terminology) is used to index these records, with links back to PubMed for every article title. This enables the display of indexes (alphabetical subtopic listings) for any given topic, or for any given combination of topics, including for genes and specific genetic variants. Stepwise use of such indexes (first for one topic, then for combinations of topics) can reveal relationships that are otherwise easily overlooked. These relationships include environmental and lifestyle variables with potential relevance to risk modification (both beneficial and detrimental), and to prevention, or at least to the potential delay of symptom onset for health conditions like Alzheimer disease among many others. Thirty-four specific genetic variants have each been mentioned in at least ≥1,000 PubMed titles/abstracts, and these numbers are steadily increasing. The benefits of indexing with standardized terminology are illustrated for genetic variants like MTHFR 677C-T and its various synonyms (e.g., rs1801133 or Ala222Val). Such use of a controlled vocabulary is also helpful for numerous health conditions, and for potential risk modifiers (i.e., potential risk/effect modifiers).</p>","PeriodicalId":18030,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle Genomics","volume":"14 1","pages":"30-36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000512690","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38831667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Variation, Diet, Inflammation, and the Risk for COVID-19.","authors":"Artemis P Simopoulos","doi":"10.1159/000513886","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000513886","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;COVID-19, which is caused by SARS-CoV-2, is characterized by various symptoms, ranging from mild fatigue to life-threatening pneumonia, \"cytokine storm,\" and multiorgan failure. The manifestation of COVID-19 may lead to a cytokine storm, i.e., it facilitates viral replication that triggers a strong release of cytokines, which then modulates the immune system and results in hyperinflammation. Today's diet is high in omega-6 fatty acids and deficient in omega-3 fatty acids; this, along with a high fructose intake, leads to obesity, which is a chronic state of low-grade inflammation. Omega-6 fatty acids are proinflammatory and prothrombotic whereas omega-3 fatty acids are less proinflammatory and thrombotic. Furthermore, omega-3 fatty acids make specialized lipid mediators, namely resolvins, protectins, and maresins, that are potent anti-inflammatory agents. Throughout evolution there was a balance between omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids with a ratio of 1-2/1 omega-6/omega-3, but today this ratio is 16-20/1 omega-6/omega-3, leading to a proinflammatory state. In addition, genetic variants in FADS1, FADS2, ELOV-2, and ELOV-5 lead to a more efficient biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), e.g., of linoleic acid (LA) to arachidonic acid (ARA), and (alpha-linolenic acid) (ALA) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), leading to higher ARA levels. Because the US diet is already high in omega-6 fatty acids, the increased biosynthesis of ARA in people with the derived FADS haplotype (haplotype D) leads to an increased production of leukotrienes, thromboxanes, C-reactive protein (CRP), and eventually elevated levels of cytokines, like interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which may increase susceptibility to COVID-19. About 80% of African Americans, 50% of Hispanics, and 45% of European Americans have the FADS haplotype D and are thus efficient metabolizers, which could account for the higher vulnerability of these populations to COVID-19. Therefore, another reason that African Americans and Hispanics are more susceptible to COVID-19 is that they have a higher frequency of haplotype D, which is no longer beneficial in today's environment and diet. Genetic variation must be considered in all studies of disease development and therapy because it is important to the practice of precision nutrition by physicians and other health professionals. The objective of this commentary is to emphasize the importance of genetic variation within populations and its interaction with diet in the development of disease. Differences in the frequency of genes and their interactions with nutrients in various population groups must be considered among the factors contributing to health disparities in the development of COVID-19. A balanced omega-6/omega-3 ratio is essential to health. Physicians should measure their patients' fatty acids and recommend decreasing the intake of foods rich in omega-6 fatty aci","PeriodicalId":18030,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle Genomics","volume":"14 2","pages":"37-42"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ef/14/lfg-0001.PMC7900446.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25323638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Dietary Intake Impact Omentin Gene Expression and Plasma Concentration? A Systematic Review.","authors":"Mohammad Nosrati-Oskouie,&nbsp;Golaleh Asghari,&nbsp;Emad Yuzbashian,&nbsp;Nazanin Sadat Aghili-Moghaddam,&nbsp;Maryam Zarkesh,&nbsp;Mohammad Safarian,&nbsp;Parvin Mirmiran","doi":"10.1159/000513885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000513885","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Omentin is an adipokine with anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects that can play a protective role against cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The aim was to systematically review and summarize the existing evidence on the association between overall dietary intake and omentin gene expression and circulation.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to September 2019. Of the 1,940 retrieved articles, 20 relevant studies were included, 6 of which were observational, 11 were clinical trials in humans, and 3 were animal studies. Four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) had a high risk of bias (RoB), 1 had \"some concerns\", and 2 had a low RoB. Among the nonrandomized studies with comparators, 4 had a serious RoB and 2 had a moderate RoB. In the experimental animal studies with a moderate RoB, conflicting results for omentin serum concentration were found for high-fat and low-fat diets. A high-fat diet (HFD) was shown to reduce omentin gene expression in one animal study. In the observational studies, omentin serum concentration was reduced by Ramadan fasting and saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake, and an increase in omentin gene expression was observed with monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) intake. There was no association of dietary inflammatory index (DII), macronutrient intake, or total calorie intake with omentin plasma concentrations. In the human interventional studies, omentin plasma concentration increased with a long-term low-calorie, low-fat diet (LFD), and no change was seen with a HFD or a short-term low-calorie diet (LCD). Key Messages: It seems that a long-term diet with a lower fat content and a balanced distribution of fatty acids, i.e., a higher MUFA and lower SFA intake, may effectively increase omentin plasma concentration, possibly via improved insulin resistance and reduced inflammation, but more research is needed to confirm or refute this.</p>","PeriodicalId":18030,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle Genomics","volume":"14 2","pages":"49-61"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000513885","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25407383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"14th Congress of the International Society of Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics (ISNN).","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000519267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000519267","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18030,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle Genomics","volume":"14 4","pages":"129-152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39450793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using the Diffusion of Innovation Theory to Understand the Challenges and Opportunities to Advancing Use of Nutrigenetics in Clinical Practice.","authors":"Olivia M Dong","doi":"10.1159/000517760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000517760","url":null,"abstract":"The National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) published bold predictions for genomic medicine to strive toward by 2030 [1]. These predictions outline a promising impact genomic information will have on health, including aspirations such as enabling individuals to securely access genome sequencing results on their smartphones and making the use of genomic information as routine in all clinical settings [1]. One application of genomic medicine is nutrigenetics (NGx), which investigates the associations between genetic variants, diet, and health outcomes [2]. NGx has the potential to use genetic information in ways that can further individualize nutrition interventions to help patients achieve improved health outcomes. While incorporating NGx testing as part of clinical care is promising, it is not routinely done in clinical settings. To better understand how NGx testing can strive toward routine use per NHGRI’s aspirational goals, the diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory will be used as a framework to examine the challenges and opportunities of integrating NGx testing into clinical care. The DOI theory seeks to explain the spread of innovations through populations and how they get adopted over time [3], with recognition that the majority of innovations fail to successfully diffuse through populations and that adoption is not necessarily based on the effectiveness of innovations [4]. In fact, effective innovations can be stalled, while ineffective innovations can sometimes diffuse farther in comparison [4]. The adoption rate for innovations relies on several factors, including the perceived attributes of the innovation, characteristics of the adopters, communication channels (e.g., mass media), and the social system (e.g., diffusion within health-care systems) [3]. The perceived attributes of NGx testing and characteristics of adopters will be discussed in more detail.","PeriodicalId":18030,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle Genomics","volume":"14 4","pages":"124-128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000517760","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39206096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between the FTO Genotype and Early Chronic Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes: The Mediating Role of Central Obesity, Hypertension, and High Albuminuria.","authors":"Júlia Marchetti,&nbsp;Karla P Balbino,&nbsp;Helen Hermana M Hermsdorff,&nbsp;Leidjaira L Juvanhol,&nbsp;José Alfredo Martinez,&nbsp;Thais Steemburgo","doi":"10.1159/000516118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000516118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene have been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its complications. The aim of the present research was to investigate which and how (directly or indirectly) clinical and metabolic variables mediate the association between fat mass and the FTO gene and early chronic kidney disease (CKD) in individuals with T2D.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 236 participants with T2D (53.4% women, mean age 60 ± 10 years). DNA samples were genotyped for the rs7204609 polymorphism (C/T) in the FTO gene. Clinical, anthropometric, and metabolic data were collected. Path analysis was used to evaluate the associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the sample, 78 individuals with T2D had CKD (33%). Presence of the risk allele (C) was higher among participants with CKD (21.8 vs. 10.8%; p = 0.023). This polymorphism was positively associated with higher waist circumference, which in turn was associated with higher glycated hemoglobin and higher blood pressure. A higher blood-pressure level was associated with higher urinary albumin excretion (UAE) and as expected, higher UAE was associated with CKD. Path analysis showed an indirect relationship between the FTO gene and early CKD, mediated by waist circumference, blood-pressure levels, and UAE.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that the C allele may contribute to genetic susceptibility to CKD in individuals with T2D through the presence of central obesity, hypertension, and high albuminuria.</p>","PeriodicalId":18030,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle Genomics","volume":"14 3","pages":"73-80"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000516118","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39237455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms with Serum Vitamin D Levels in a Greek Rural Population (Velestino Study).","authors":"Natalia Divanoglou,&nbsp;Despina Komninou,&nbsp;Eleni A Stea,&nbsp;Anagnostis Argiriou,&nbsp;Grigorios Papatzikas,&nbsp;Andreas Tsakalof,&nbsp;Kalliopi Pazaitou-Panayiotou,&nbsp;Marios K Georgakis,&nbsp;Eleni Petridou","doi":"10.1159/000514338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000514338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>An alarming increase in vitamin D deficiency even in sunny regions highlights the need for a better understanding of the genetic background of the vitamin D endocrine system and the molecular mechanisms of gene polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR). In this study, the serum levels of 25(OH)D3 were correlated with common VDR polymorphisms (ApaI, BsmI, FokI, and TaqI) in 98 subjects of a Greek homogeneous rural population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>25(OH)D3 concentration was measured by ultra-HPLC, and the VDR gene polymorphisms were identified by quantitative real-time PCR followed by amplicon high-resolution melting analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Subjects carrying either the B BsmI (OR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.27-0.99) or t TaqI (OR: 2.06, 95%: 1.06-3.99) allele presented twice the risk for developing vitamin D deficiency compared to the reference allele. Moreover, subjects carrying 1, 2, or all 3 of these genotypes (BB/Bb, Tt/tt, and FF) demonstrated 2-fold (OR: 2.04, 95% CI: 0.42-9.92), 3.6-fold (OR: 3.62, 95% CI: 1.07-12.2), and 7-fold (OR: 6.92, 95% CI: 1.68-28.5) increased risk for low 25(OH)D3 levels, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings reveal a cumulative effect of specific VDR gene polymorphisms that may regulate vitamin D concentrations explaining, in part, the paradox of vitamin D deficiency in sunny regions, with important implications for precision medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":18030,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle Genomics","volume":"14 3","pages":"81-90"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000514338","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39241088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Intake and TCF7L2 rs7903146 T Allele Are Associated with Elevated Blood Glucose Levels in Healthy Individuals.","authors":"Isabela Cristina Ramos Podboi,&nbsp;Sophie Stephenson,&nbsp;Leta Pilic,&nbsp;Catherine Anna-Marie Graham,&nbsp;Alexandra King,&nbsp;Yiannis Mavrommatis","doi":"10.1159/000518523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000518523","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a leading cause of global mortality with diet and genetics being considered amongst the most significant risk factors. Recently, studies have identified a single polymorphism of the TCF7L2 gene (rs7903146) as the most important genetic contributor. However, no studies have explored this factor in a healthy population and using glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), which is a reliable long-term indicator of glucose management. This study investigates the association of the genetic polymorphism rs7903146 and dietary intake with T2D risk in a population free of metabolic disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>T2D risk was assessed using HbA1c plasma concentrations and dietary intake via a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire in 70 healthy participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>T allele carriers had higher HbA1c levels than the CC group (32.4 ± 7.2 mmol/mol vs. 30.3 ± 7.6 mmol/mol, p = 0.005). Multiple regression reported associations between diet, genotype and HbA1c levels accounting for 37.1% of the variance in HbA1c (adj. R2 = 0.371, p < 0.001). The following macronutrients, expressed as a median percentage of total energy intake (TEI) in the risk group, were positively associated with HbA1c concentration: carbohydrate (≥39% TEI, p < 0.005; 95% CI 0.030/0.130) protein (≥21% TEI, p < 0.005, 95% CI 0.034/0.141), monounsaturated (≥15% TEI p < 0.05, 95% CI 0.006/0.163) and saturated fatty acids (≥13% TEI; p < 0.05, 95% CI 0.036/0.188).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Carriers of the T allele showed significantly higher levels of HbA1c compared to non-carriers. Dietary intake affected T2D risk to a greater extent than genetic effects of TCF7L2rs7903146 genotype in a healthy population. The study focus on healthy individuals is beneficial due to the applicability of findings for T2D screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":18030,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle Genomics","volume":"14 4","pages":"117-123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39411035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}