Life Sciences in Space Research最新文献

{"title":"The hypercapnic environment on the International Space Station (ISS): A potential contributing factor to ocular surface symptoms in astronauts","authors":"Ritu Sampige ,&nbsp;Joshua Ong ,&nbsp;Ethan Waisberg ,&nbsp;John Berdahl ,&nbsp;Andrew G. Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With increasing advancements and efforts towards space exploration, there is a pressing need to understand the impacts of spaceflight on astronauts’ health. Astronauts have reported signs and symptoms of dry eye disease upon traveling to the International Space Station (ISS), thus necessitating an evaluation of the factors that contribute to the onset of spaceflight associated dry eye disease. Prior literature describes the hypercapnic environment of the ISS; however, the link between the high CO₂ levels and astronauts’ symptoms of dry eye disease remains unexplored. Due to the terrestrial relationship between a hypertonic environment and ocular irritation as well as the terrestrial association between CO₂ exposure and subsequent corneal acidosis, there is a strong necessity to investigate the relationship between the elevated CO₂ levels in the closed environment of the ISS and astronauts’ risk for dry eye disease development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 122-125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment with a superoxide dismutase mimetic for joint preservation during 35 and 75 days in orbit aboard the international space station, and after 120 days recovery on Earth","authors":"Chirayu M. Patel ,&nbsp;Sabrina Vander Wiele ,&nbsp;Leslie Kim ,&nbsp;Ethan Payne ,&nbsp;Michelle Bruno-Garcia ,&nbsp;Anne Devorak ,&nbsp;Daniel E. Kaganov ,&nbsp;Anthony Lau ,&nbsp;Martin Guthold ,&nbsp;Michael D. Delp ,&nbsp;James Crapo ,&nbsp;Xiao W. Mao ,&nbsp;Jeffrey S. Willey","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2024.10.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2024.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reduced weight-bearing during spaceflight has been associated with musculoskeletal degradation that risks astronaut health and performance in transit and upon reaching deep space destinations. Previous rodent experiments aboard the international space station (ISS) have identified that the spaceflight-induced molecular arthritic phenotype was characterized with an increase in oxidative stress. This study evaluated if treatment with a superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic on orbit could prevent spaceflight-induced damage to the knee and hip articular cartilage, and the menisci in rodents. Cartilage and meniscal degradation in mice were measured via microCT, histology, and transcriptomics after: (1) ∼ 35 days on the ISS, (2) ∼ 35 days on the ISS followed by 120 days weight-bearing readaptation on Earth or (3) ∼ 75 days on the ISS. The study had a limited sample size, so both significant effects and generalized patterns are reported. After 35 days aboard the ISS, cartilage volume at the tibial-femoral cartilage-cartilage contact point decreased, meniscal volume decreased concurrent with an increase in pro-osteoarthritic signaling in the joint soft tissue. Similarly, a decrease in cortical and trabecular bone volume of the tibia was observed. Treatment with the SOD mimetic preserved the trabecular bone, articular cartilage and the menisci after 35 days aboard the ISS, but had limited efficacy retaining that recovery after 120 days of weight bearing, and after 75 days on orbit. Antioxidants including BuOE may serve as a potential countermeasure option to protect musculoskeletal health during spaceflight missions, and continued use may be necessary upon reaching a destination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 67-78"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the effects of 15-day of head-down tilt bed rest on arterial hemodynamics and blood supply using Doppler ultrasound technology","authors":"Chao Sun ,&nbsp;Li Ding ,&nbsp;Qing Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiachen Nie ,&nbsp;Yiyang Zhao ,&nbsp;Dong Xu ,&nbsp;Zhongqi Liu ,&nbsp;Bin Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prolonged exposure to microgravity would cause cardiovascular deconditioning in astronauts, leading to physiological discomfort, decreased cognitive function, and reduced work efficiency. This study aims to explore the hemodynamic effects of short-term -6° head-down tilt bed rest (HDBR) on the human circulatory system and the regulation mechanisms of blood supply to the neck and extremities. An HDBR experiment with a duration of 29 days was conducted. Doppler ultrasound was employed to quantify the blood flow spectra of the left carotid (CA), brachial (BA), radial (RA), and femoral (FA) arteries in 14 volunteers before and after HDBR. Blood flow velocity curves were obtained through edge contour extraction technology, to calculate hemodynamic parameters. After HDBR, the FA diameter significantly decreased by 0.2 mm. The resistance index (RI) of the RA, pulsatility index (PI) of the RA and PI of the FA significantly increased. The minute blood flow volume (MBF) in the CA, BA, RA, and FA significantly decreased. The proportion of total blood flow volume (PTBF) to the CA significantly increased by 4.8 %, while the PTBF to the FA significantly decreased by 4.1 %. After HDBR, the blood flow velocity, MBF, and total blood supply in the CA and extremities arteries decreased. Vasoconstriction and increased resistance in the FA led to a decreased blood supply ratio to the lower extremities and an increased ratio to the neck. This study provides a theoretical basis for the prevention of cardiovascular deconditioning and the establishment of targeted countermeasures, which are significant for enhancing astronauts' physical performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"45 ","pages":"Pages 34-43"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143169042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Status update of NASAs assessment of the biological contamination threat of crewed mars surface missions","authors":"Bette Siegel ,&nbsp;J. Andy Spry ,&nbsp;Elaine Seasly ,&nbsp;J. Nick Benardini","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As we prepare for a future first mission to Mars with a human crew, the United States, under the Outer Space Treaty of 1967, has an obligation to protect against harmful contamination of the red planet and to protect the Earth from the potential harmful effects of material brought from Mars. In previous years NASA has partnered with the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR), the European Space Agency (ESA), the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and other space exploration organizations to conduct a series of workshops on identifying knowledge gaps for protecting Mars from Earth microorganisms during such a crewed mission, and for protecting Earth from a potential Martian biosphere, should it exist. The current international planetary protection consensus policy (COSPAR, 2024) only has high-level guidance for crewed missions thus continuing conversations are needed to further define specific requirements for implementing a crewed missions to Mars.</div><div>In this paper, we are surveying the biological contamination tradespace to capture and understand the scope of terrestrial microbiology present on a crewed Mars mission. This is a first step to ensure we can manage the harmful biological contamination threat to a putative Martian biosphere and that terrestrial biological contamination will be controlled. Additionally, we are working towards developing a common understanding and basis of assessment of the contamination thresholds that can be used to describe “how much is too much” from a policy point of view. Specifically, we are providing estimates of what the biological contamination will be for a 30 sol stay with two crew members on the surface of Mars.</div><div>The study is to identify the sources and estimate the scale of biological contamination a human mission might bring to the surface of Mars, and to identify where we can potentially reduce or mitigate that contamination. This work does not consider backward contamination to Earth from a crewed mission to Mars, or orbital contamination in any detail. The architecture that we studied is described in HEOMD 415 (Hoffman 2022) which details a “small footprint” mission that would consist of 4 crew members for the trip to Mars, with 2 crew staying in orbit and 2 going to the surface of Mars in a 3 × 25Ton lander configuration, as well as a variant that used a single, larger lander concept. In these concepts, crew would stay in a pressurized rover and not a fixed habitat. The crew would be on the surface for approximately 30 sols in this minimum mission. It is important to note that there is no designated NASA architecture for a crewed mission to Mars and that the one we used is already in the process of being further updated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"45 ","pages":"Pages 25-33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143169044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mouse hindlimb unloading, as a model of simulated microgravity, leads to dysregulated iron homeostasis in liver and skeletal muscle cells","authors":"Bilal Rah ,&nbsp;Jasmin Shafarin ,&nbsp;Rizwan Qaisar ,&nbsp;Asima Karim ,&nbsp;Mawieh Hamad ,&nbsp;Jibran Sualeh Muhammad","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microgravity exposure can impact various physiological systems, yet its specific effects on liver cells remain inadequately studied. To address this gap, we used a hindlimb unloading (HU) mouse model to simulate microgravity conditions and investigate alterations in iron metabolism within liver and skeletal muscle cells. 16-week-old male C57BL/6j mice were divided into three groups: (i) ground-based control (GC), (ii) hindlimb unloading treated with vehicle (HU-v), and (iii) hindlimb unloading treated with deferoxamine (DFO). After three weeks, mice were euthanized, and samples of gastrocnemius muscle, liver, and serum were collected for analysis. The HU-v group exhibited significant muscle and liver cell atrophy compared to the GC group, along with disrupted iron metabolism, as indicated by altered expression of key iron regulatory proteins, including FTH1, FPN, TFR1, IRP-1, HMOX-1, and Hepcidin. In contrast, the DFO group demonstrated restored iron homeostasis, with protein expression patterns resembling those of the GC group. Serum analysis revealed elevated levels of serum iron, ferritin, and transferrin in the DFO group compared to both HU-v and GC groups, albeit with minimal changes in total iron-binding capacity. These findings suggest that simulated microgravity induces iron overload and cellular atrophy in liver and skeletal muscle cells, highlighting the potential therapeutic benefits of iron chelation in such conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"45 ","pages":"Pages 7-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143169041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of virulence-related phenotypes of Candida parapsilosis and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa isolated from the International Space Station (ISS)","authors":"Lauren Wilson ,&nbsp;Kaitlyn Nielsen ,&nbsp;Stefani Caspasso-Villanueva ,&nbsp;Takara O'Brien ,&nbsp;Lily A. Hefner ,&nbsp;Paulina Slick ,&nbsp;Logan Petty ,&nbsp;Riley Dienna ,&nbsp;Hugo Castillo ,&nbsp;Alba Chavez","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is increased interest in characterizing and describing the effects of space stressors on human microflora. This study describes virulence-related phenotypes of two human yeast commensals, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Candida parapsilosis, isolated from the International Space Station (ISS). The strains were compared with ATCC control strains to provide insights into adaptation and phenotypic switching of fungal species in spacecraft environments. Strains were grown in media that induce filamentation and capsule production. Antimycotic susceptibility was determined after exposure of liquid cultures to fluconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin. Biofilm formation was quantified using the crystal violet assay, and autoinducer (AI) production was detected by activation of a reporter fluorescent gene present in biosensor bacterial strains. In vivo infection studies were conducted using a C. elegans killing model. Results indicated increased filamentation production patterns in ISS Candida parapsilosis and increased capsule production in ISS Rhodotorula. Additionally, there was increased resistance to antifungal activity, biofilm formation, long-chain autoinducer production, and heightened nematode virulence detected in the ISS isolates. These results suggest that space conditions might enhance adaptation and phenotypic plasticity in yeast, leading to increased virulence-related phenotypes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"45 ","pages":"Pages 16-24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143169040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The microwave electromagnetic background as measured onboard the International Space Station","authors":"Daria V. Molodtsova ,&nbsp;Andrea Strádi ,&nbsp;Anton A. Artamonov ,&nbsp;Husein A. Kurdanov ,&nbsp;Natalya A. Konstantinova ,&nbsp;Oleg G. Ivanov ,&nbsp;Vyacheslav A. Shurshakov ,&nbsp;Konstantin O. Inozemtsev","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an attempt to experimentally evaluate the actual radiofrequency exposure levels onboard the International Space Station in terms of absorbed energy (power) density, which is essential for the confirmation of manned space flight safety. The measurements were made with the use of compact stand-alone electromagnetic dosimeters, capable for recording the absorbed energy (power) density in the frequency band 0.8–8.0 GHz once per minute. As a result of experimental data analysis for two representative locations at the MLM module of the ISS, it is possible to establish that the absorbed energy (power) densities can reach the following levels: 0.7 nW/cm² on average per day with maximal possible value of 119.8 nW/cm² in the Crew cabin; and 1.4 nW/cm² on average per day with maximal possible value of 207.8 nW/cm² at Central post. Though the maximal exposure levels recommended for the ISS electromagnetic hardware in the similar frequency band aren't exceeded so far, the existing recommendations for the ISS electromagnetic hardware with frequencies above 8.0 GHz makes us believe such equipment can pose an excessive radiofrequency exposure in some of the locations at ISS, so the further experimental electromagnetic measurements are still necessary in the extended frequency band.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"45 ","pages":"Pages 1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143169043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-DNA radiosensitive targets that initiate persistent behavioral deficits in rats exposed to space radiation","authors":"Tore Straume ,&nbsp;Ana M. Mora ,&nbsp;James B. Brown ,&nbsp;Ishan Bansal ,&nbsp;Bernard M. Rabin ,&nbsp;Leslie A. Braby ,&nbsp;Andrew J. Wyrobek","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Predicting future CNS risks for astronauts during deep-space missions will rely substantially on ground-based rodent data with space-relevant ions and behaviors. For rats, the accumulated evidence indicates that less densely ionizing radiation, such as ⁴He and ¹²C ions, induce behavior deficits at lower doses than densely ionizing ions, such as ⁴⁸Ti and ⁵⁶Fe. However, this observation conflicts with standard somatic radiobiology, in which densely ionizing ions are generally more effective than less densely ionizing ions, and where the DNA/nucleus is the accepted target for radiation-induced tumorigenesis, cytogenetic aberrations, genetic mutations, and reproductive cell death. To gain deeper insight into the subcellular nature of the radiation targets for behavior risks, we compared the effects of dose, fluence, and linear energy transfer (LET) of ⁴He and ⁵⁶Fe particles using existing datasets for four distinct behavioral outcomes in rats: elevated plus maze (EPM-anxiety), novel object recognition (NOR-memory), operant responding (OR-response to environmental stimuli), and attentional set-shifting (ATSET-cognitive flexibility). We confirmed that less densely ionizing particles (except protons) showed ∼100-fold lower threshold doses than densely ionizing particles for behavioral deficits (0.1–1 cGy for ⁴He vs. 15–100 cGy for ⁵⁶Fe). However, when analyzed by fluence the behavioral responses converged, indicating that ⁴He and ⁵⁶Fe were equally effective on a per-track basis. When analyzed by LET, there were ∼100-fold differences in the LET for maximum effectiveness for behavioral deficits and DNA endpoints (∼1 vs ∼100 keV/μm, respectively). These unique features of radiation-induced behavioral deficits (high sensitivity to particles in the 1-keV/μm range, insensitivity to protons in the 0.2 keV/μm range, and isofluence dependence for particles with LET&gt;1 keV/μm) provide evidence in support of a new hypothesis of sub-micron sized radiosensitive targets for behavioral effects consistent with the thickness of plasma membranes and/or small subcellular structures, smaller than a whole synapse. Like our behavior findings, mouse immature oocyte killing which is known to have a plasma membrane target was also better explained by fluence, rather than dose. In contrast, fluence analyses for DNA/nuclear endpoints in somatic cells (e.g., tumor induction, chromosome aberrations) showed opposite results, suggesting that behavior targets are not DNA. Our findings raise questions regarding the identity of subcellular targets and the multi-cellular functional unit for behavior risks, low-dose susceptibility, and generalizability from rat to other species and astronauts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"45 ","pages":"Pages 44-60"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143348493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thoracolumbar spine muscle size and composition changes in long-duration space missions","authors":"Luis Poveda ,&nbsp;Siddharth Dash ,&nbsp;Diana Madrid ,&nbsp;Karan Devane ,&nbsp;Leon Lenchik ,&nbsp;Janet Tooze ,&nbsp;Ashley A. Weaver","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Muscle atrophy occurs with extended exposure to microgravity. This study quantified the overall muscle size, lean muscle area and fat infiltration changes pre- to post-flight that occur in the thoracic and lumbar spine with long-duration spaceflight. Pre- and post-flight magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were obtained from 9 crewmembers on long-duration (≥6 months) International Space Station (ISS) missions. Muscle size was measured by the cross-sectional area (CSA) and lean muscle tissue by the functional cross-sectional area (FCSA). Muscle-fat infiltration (MFI) was measured by the mean pixel intensities of the MRI in fat and water phases. A mixed model with random subject effect was used to analyze pre- to post-flight changes. Significant decreases were seen in the quadratus lumborum muscle size (-1.8 ± 0.6% per month, <em>p</em> = 0.002) and lean muscle tissue content in the paraspinal muscles (-0.7 ± 0.2% per month, <em>p</em> ≤ 0.001). Fat infiltration increased significantly in the transversospinalis (+4.1 ± 1.0% per month, <em>p</em> ≤ 0.01) muscle. Treadmill exercise had a tendency to reduce fat content in the paraspinal and quadratus lumborum muscles, while counteracting muscle build-up only in the paraspinal muscles. Cycle ergometer exercise suggested benefits for the psoas muscle. Resistance training appeared to benefit lean muscle mass of most thoracolumbar muscles. Our findings highlight the need for countermeasures to prevent muscle atrophy and detrimental effects in muscle composition during long-duration spaceflight.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to ‘RadLab: An open science resource for radiation studies relevant to human spaceflight’ Life Sciences in Space Research Volume 43, November 2024, Pages 29-34","authors":"Kirill A. Grigorev ,&nbsp;Jack Miller ,&nbsp;Livio Narici ,&nbsp;Sylvain V. Costes","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"44 ","pages":"Page 9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}