Laboratory Animal Research最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of a human slow-release buprenorphine formulation in rats - tactile sensitivity and plasma concentration.","authors":"Spyridoula Kazantzi, Mette N Jensen, Kristian A Haanes, Karin M L Nordahl","doi":"10.1186/s42826-026-00293-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42826-026-00293-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Opioids are considered ideal for managing moderate to severe post-operative pain in laboratory rodents, with buprenorphine being one of the most commonly used analgesics in rats. A long-acting buprenorphine formulation would be highly beneficial to avoid frequent dosing of postoperative animals; however, buprenorphine depot formulations developed for animal use are not available in Europe. The purpose of the present study was therefore to evaluate the effects in rats of a long-acting subcutaneous depot injection with buprenorphine developed for humans (Buvidal).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Buvidal was evaluated in male Sprague Dawley rats alongside conventional short-acting buprenorphine (Temgesic) delivered subcutaneously and orally, a non-opioid analgesic (carprofen), and controls (saline). All three buprenorphine formulations resulted in significantly reduced mechanical sensitivity when assessed in pain-free, naïve rats using the von Frey pressure test at early time points (3-6 h), whereas carprofen and saline had no effect on tactile sensitivity. In a hypersensitivity model of cephalic allodynia, the hypoalgesic effect of Buvidal lasted beyond 24 h. Plasma concentrations support prolonged drug exposure following administration of the long-acting formulation, and levels exceeding 1 ng/mL were observed during periods of reduced tactile sensitivity. No significant effect on locomotor activity was found in an open field test following buprenorphine administration. Transient pica-like chewing behaviour and reduced alertness were observed in some buprenorphine-treated animals during the first hours after drug administration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The human slow-release buprenorphine formulation Buvidal produced sustained systemic exposure and prolonged hypoalgesic effects in male rats, as demonstrated in the cephalic hypersensitivity model, consistent with depot release kinetics. These results show that Buvidal is pharmacologically active in rats and may represent a potential approach for achieving sustained buprenorphine effects in experimental studies requiring prolonged opioid analgesia where rodent-specific formulations are unavailable, although further evaluation of safety, dosing, and generalizability is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":17993,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animal Research","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13501614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148813407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of diestrus duration and temporal gene expression patterns in vaginal smear samples from pseudopregnant rats induced by sonic vibration or mating with vasectomized males.","authors":"Sungok Hong, Kyung Soo Kang, Hongduk Kim, Ran Kim, Kangyoun Kim, Yoodam Ha, NaHyun Kim, Minjae Kim, Jun-Won Yun, Tae Min Kim","doi":"10.1186/s42826-026-00290-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42826-026-00290-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Induction of pseudopregnancy is a prerequisite for successful embryo transfer in rats. Conventionally, pseudopregnancy is induced by mating females with vasectomized males. Although effective, this method requires surgical preparation and maintenance of sterile males and may be affected by variability in mating performance. Artificial induction using sonic vibration has been proposed as a practical alternative; however, its comparability to the conventional method regarding the duration of the pseudopregnant state and temporal changes in the genes in the vaginal tissue has not been investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pseudopregnancy was induced in Sprague-Dawley females either using sonic vibration or cohabitation with vasectomized males. The duration of pseudopregnancy was monitored via vaginal cytology. Vaginal smear-derived samples were collected during the first diestrus, middle diestrus, and the diestrus immediately before proestrus. Subsequently, the temporal expression of genes associated with estrus cycles (Filaggrin, Progesterone Receptor, Krt14, Il-1β, Zonula occludens-1, Occludin, Claudin1, Cdh1) was analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Generally, the duration of diestrus was longer when pseudopregnancy was induced by artificial stimulation (12-22 days) compared with that induced by a vasectomized male (10-12 days). Overall, the gene expression patterns in vaginal smear-derived samples were broadly similar between females subjected to sonic vibration and those mated with vasectomized males.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sonic vibration appeared to maintain a pseudopregnancy-like diestrus period for a longer duration than conventional mating-based methods. Changes in mRNA expression in the vaginal smear samples during the diestrus stage were similar between the two methods. Although further validation, including hormonal and uterine assessments, is needed, sonic vibration may represent a useful alternative method for reproductive engineering in rats by reducing the need for vasectomized males and simplifying colony management.</p>","PeriodicalId":17993,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animal Research","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13483139/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148795166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in animal models of pigmentary skin disorders.","authors":"Zhenghong Chen, Yuan Yang, Min Xu, Xinli Chen, Yongliang Xiao, Liyuan Chen, Weiyu Chang, Hui Wu","doi":"10.1186/s42826-026-00287-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42826-026-00287-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pigmentary cutaneous disorders are characterized by abnormal decreases or increases in melanin production, leading to altered skin coloration. These conditions include vitiligo, melasma, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. The etiology of these dermatological manifestations is multifactorial, encompassing environmental triggers, hormonal fluctuations, psychological stress, and physical trauma. Although generally non-life-threatening, these disorders significantly impact patients' quality of life due to visible disfigurement and consequent psychosocial distress. This paper reviews the methods used to establish animal models for different types of pigmentary skin diseases and the research progress in this area. By examining published experimental studies, we have sorted out the modeling methods for these animal models and discussed their potential applications in clinical treatment research. Studies have shown that establishing appropriate animal models is beneficial for understanding the pathogenesis of pigmentary skin diseases and for conducting drug screening and dosage form optimization. Although no major breakthroughs have been made so far, the existing research results have provided an important foundation for future studies and supported the potential of these models in clinical treatment research. Establishing appropriate animal models for pigmentary skin diseases is both feasible and meaningful. With the continuous improvement of modeling techniques and a deeper understanding of the model mechanisms, animal models for pigmentary skin diseases will provide a powerful tool for verifying new treatment methods, thereby promoting progress in clinical treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":17993,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animal Research","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13390129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148562400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study on the pharmacological effects of Achyranthes root against atherosclerosis in ApoE^-/- mice based on the spectrum-effect relationship.","authors":"Xiaoming Zou, Jie Su, Bingbing Gao, Shanshan Lei, Xiongying Li, Bo Li","doi":"10.1186/s42826-026-00288-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42826-026-00288-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In traditional Chinese medicine, herbal processing is used to modify the effects of herbs. Achyranthes bidentata BL (Niu Xi) is commonly used to treat atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, in both raw (RC) and salted (SRC) forms. Salting is known to enhance its effects, particularly on kidney function, but the differences in anti-atherosclerosis efficacy between RC and SRC have not been studied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 491 and 501 chemical components were identified in RC and SRC, respectively, with 337 shared components. RC at a high dose (2.4 g/kg/d) was more effective against AS than the same dose of SRC over 12 weeks. Both RC and SRC increased SDF-1, SCF-1, and CXCR4 levels in the aorta of model mice compared to controls, suggesting these agents may protect the vascular endothelium through a related signaling axis. A gray relational analysis of 19 common components using UPLC-MS peak areas showed correlations (gray relational value > 0.6) with serum total cholesterol and bone marrow SDF-1 levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both RC and SRC have anti-AS effects, but salt-processing does not improve this activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":17993,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animal Research","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13352841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148422256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental models in diabetes research.","authors":"Lalit P Dewalkar","doi":"10.1186/s42826-026-00286-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42826-026-00286-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes mellitus is a major global health challenge, affecting 11.1% of adults worldwide, with nearly half of the cases remaining undiagnosed. Despite extensive progress, its multifactorial pathogenesis requires further investigation to advance therapeutic development. Experimental models are indispensable for understanding disease mechanisms and evaluating interventions, although no single model fully recapitulates human diabetes. Chemical agents such as streptozotocin and alloxan simulate β-cell loss, whereas dietary and obesity-induced models reflect insulin resistance and metabolic disturbances. Genetic models, including ob/ob, db/db, and non-obese diabetic mice, provide insights into obesity-associated and autoimmune pathways, whereas in vitro systems enable controlled mechanistic studies and drug screening. This review integrates evidence from diverse experimental platforms, highlighting their comparative strengths, limitations, and translational applicability to support rational model selection and enhance the efficiency of diabetes research and therapeutic innovation.</p>","PeriodicalId":17993,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animal Research","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13326422/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148368835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A streamlined approach for gene editing in non-obese diabetes (NOD) mice via CRISPR/Cas9.","authors":"Kyoungin Cho, Michail S Lionakis, Jaspal S Khillan","doi":"10.1186/s42826-026-00281-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42826-026-00281-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gene targeting via CRISPR/Cas9 has become a powerful tool to create animal models for human genetic disorders. Although CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene editing is relatively simple, factors such as mouse strain, breeding performance, and quality and recovery of the embryos, can limit the overall outcome. Genetic manipulations are commonly carried out using embryos from a well characterized C57BL6 strain of mouse however, the ability for direct gene editing in strains such as non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, which is an important strain to create mouse models for autoimmune type 1 diabetes (TD1), immunology, cancer and infectious diseases, is quite limiting. Therefore, gene modification in NOD mice in one way is carried out via a time-consuming cross breeding with the transgenic animals created in a more permissive C57BL6 strain for several generations which can take long time and consume valuable resources. Direct gene manipulation in the NOD mouse background will greatly expedite the creation of genetically engineered mouse models bypassing the complicated steps of backcrossing thus saving almost two years and valuable resources and help promoting 3 R principles of refinement of animal welfare.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We present improved and streamlined conditions for gene manipulation directly on the pure NOD background using embryos from NODShiLtJ mouse, a strain commonly used for studies on autoimmune TD1 and animal models for potential applications in cancer, immunology, and infectious disease research. High efficiency, 80-90% success rate, was achieved via CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in pups born from embryos recovered from naturally mated 4-week-old NODShiLtJ females superovulated under specific time schedules.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We demonstrate that 4-week-old NODShiLtJ females superovulated and mated under specific time requirements can produce healthy and robust embryos for gene manipulation saving significant resources and maintenance costs that will help in 3R principles of refinement to improve animal welfare. Similar conditions may be applied to create new genetic modifications in complex NOD/SCID Gamma (NSG) and NOD/SCID Rag (NRG) mice for dissecting mechanisms of immunology as well as generation of mouse models for infectious diseases for underlying conditions in human patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":17993,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animal Research","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13308463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148339106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exogenous testosterone exacerbates pre-neoplastic lesions in the prostate of NKX3.1-deficient mice.","authors":"Su Jeong Lim, Jin Ju Park, Ji Eun Kim, Hee Jin Song, Ayun Seol, Su Ha Wang, Ye Eun Ryu, Ye Ryeong Kim, Jun Go, Dae Youn Hwang","doi":"10.1186/s42826-026-00284-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42826-026-00284-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>NKX3.1 is a prostate-specific tumor suppressor that is frequently downregulated during the early stages of prostate cancer. Although NKX3.1 knockout (KO) mice develop spontaneous epithelial abnormalities, these lesions rarely progress beyond early neoplastic changes without additional oncogenic stimulus. Therefore, we investigated whether exogenous testosterone (TS) exacerbates early-stage, pre-neoplastic lesions in the prostate of NKX3.1 KO mice. Alterations in prostate weights of male reproductive organs (testis, seminal vesicles, and prostate lobes), histopathological lesion scores, apoptotic proteins, and angiogenic proteins were analyzed in C57BL/6 NKX3.1^em1Hlee/Korl KO (NKX3.1 KO) mice injected with TS for six weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The weight of testis, seminal vesicles and ventral prostate was commonly changed in TS-treated mice of wild type (WT) and NKX3.1 KO group, while those of the dorsolateral and anterior prostate were only increased in TS-treated NKX3.1 KO group compared to those of WT. Histopathological lesion severity was greater in TS-treated NKX3.1 KO mice, with the highest lesion scores observed in the high-dose TS (HiTS)-treated KO group, and a similar pattern was observed for p53 staining. The expression levels of apoptotic and angiogenic proteins were significantly increased in TS-treated NKX3.1 KO mice compared to the same group of WT mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that the exogenous TS exacerbates early-stage, pre-neoplastic lesions in the prostate of NKX3.1 KO mice, consistent with a gene-hormone synergistic interaction. The mechanistic basis of this synergy remains to be defined.</p>","PeriodicalId":17993,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animal Research","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13308178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148339112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of sleep deprivation on lens-induced-myopia in guinea pigs.","authors":"Yao Chen, Xueli Yang, Junfeng Mao","doi":"10.1186/s42826-026-00285-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42826-026-00285-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Myopia is one of the most common refractive vision disorders. Recent studies have demonstrated that insufficient sleep correlates with myopia development in adolescents. However, the underlying mechanism for myopia progression is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of sleep deprivation (SD) on the myopia development of guinea pigs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The experiment was divided into two parts. In the initial part, 45 animals were evenly divided into three groups, namely, the LIM(lens-induced myopia) group, LIM+SD20hr group, and LIM+SD21hr group. Thirty-six animals were used in the second part and divided into three groups: the LIM+SD20hr, LIM+SD20hr + NE-100 (Sigma-1 receptor antagonist), and LIM+SD20hr+saline groups. For animals of the LIM+SD20hr group, apart from wearing a concave lens on the right eye, they were deprived of sleep for 20 h daily. The LIM+SD21hr group was deprived of sleep for 21 h daily instead. For the LIM+SD20hr + NE-100 group, peribulbar injections of NE-100 60 µg were administered in the right eye. The LIM+SD20hr+saline group was administered with saline instead. The expression of retinal Sigma1R was measured using immunofluorescence staining and a Western blot. γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamic acid (Glu) content in the retina was determined using the high-performance liquid chromatography electrochemical method. In the first set of experiments, SD alone did not induce myopia in control eyes but accelerated LIM progression, with increased myopic refraction (-3.14 ± 0.19 D vs. -1.93 ± 0.16 D in LIM alone, p < 0.001), axial elongation (8.34 ± 0.02 mm vs. 8.21 ± 0.01 mm, p < 0.01), and elevated retinal Glu/GABA ratio (p < 0.001). S1R expression was upregulated in LIM + SD eyes (p < 0.001). In the second set of experiments, intravitreal NE-100 administration partially reversed these effects, reducing myopic shift (-1.86 ± 0.20 D, vs. -3.21 ± 0.21 D In LIM + SD) and normalizing Glu/GABA levels (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SD exacerbates LIM via S1R activation and neurotransmitter dysregulation. S1R antagonists like NE-100 may offer therapeutic potential for myopia control.</p>","PeriodicalId":17993,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animal Research","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13295380/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148330603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring new animal models of ulcerative colitis: evaluating chemical and patient-derived microbial triggers to advance translational relevance.","authors":"Maria Rynikova, Sona Gancarcikova, Stanislav Lauko, Dagmar Mudronova, Petra Adamkova, Martin Janicko, Vlasta Demeckova","doi":"10.1186/s42826-026-00283-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42826-026-00283-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon with multifactorial aetiology involving genetic, immune, environmental, and microbial factors. Alterations in the gut microbiome are a consistent feature of UC, yet their causal contribution to disease onset and progression remains unresolved. Current animal models rely largely on chemical or genetic induction and fail to capture the complexity of host-microbiome interactions characteristic of human disease. To address this limitation and enhance the translational relevance of preclinical research, this study employed patient-derived microbiota to model UC-associated dysbiosis and investigated its effects alone and in combination with chemical induction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We compared three mouse models using different UC-induction triggers: dextran sulphate sodium (DSS), faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from a UC patient, and their combination (COMB). DSS and COMB treatments induced marked clinical symptoms, whereas FMT alone caused only mild changes, likely due to the short exposure period. Immunophenotyping revealed distinct immune profiles across all models, with leukocyte and neutrophil infiltration in the colonic mucosa of all groups, demonstrating that the microbiota alone can elicit localized immune activation. Transcriptomic analysis showed that FMT significantly modulated tight junction and mucin gene expression and induced microbiome shifts resembling those observed in human UC. In contrast, DSS triggered a strong pro-inflammatory transcriptional response and reduced microbial diversity, but with compositional changes mostly opposing those seen in UC patients. The COMB model combined features of both approaches - producing clinical symptoms and inflammatory activation similar to DSS and tight junction dysregulation resembling FMT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study investigated novel experimental models of ulcerative colitis by incorporating patient-derived microbiota as an inducing factor. DSS induced strong clinical and inflammatory responses, FMT primarily altered barrier gene expression and microbiome composition, and their combination merged both inflammatory and epithelial characteristics. These microbiota-based models show promise for more accurately reproducing UC pathophysiology and thereby improving translational relevance. Further optimization is needed, including adjustment of exposure duration and sequence of induction, as well as validation for reproducibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":17993,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animal Research","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13245015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148205210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of a fresh fecal intraperitoneal injection sepsis model and its divergent dynamics from cecal ligation and puncture in mice.","authors":"Lixiang Zhao, Zhiwen Wu, Zetian Zhong, Xiaoling Lu, Ruonan Zhang, Li Luo, Yanxin Lu, Xupeng Yue","doi":"10.1186/s42826-026-00282-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42826-026-00282-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sepsis remains a critical challenge in intensive care, necessitating reliable animal models that accurately mimic human pathophysiological responses. While cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) is widely considered the gold standard, its inherent variability often limits reproducibility. This study aimed to optimize a fecal intraperitoneal injection (FIP) murine model by evaluating the impact of fecal preparation (fresh vs. lyophilized) and dosage (0.5-1.0 g/kg) on model stability. We systematically compared the optimized FIP model with the conventional CLP method in male BALB/c mice to define their respective pathophysiological characteristics and suitability for therapeutic screening.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fresh fecal suspensions significantly enhanced model reproducibility compared to dried preparations, which exhibited inconsistent virulence. An optimized FIP dose of 0.7 g/kg induced a hyperacute sepsis phenotype, characterized by rapid systemic bacterial dissemination and severe acute organ damage within 24 h. Crucially, semi-quantitative histological scoring confirmed that FIP triggered a synchronized, hyperacute injury spike across the lung, kidney, liver, and heart, whereas the CLP model exhibited a more protracted, progressive exacerbation of organ dysfunction through 48 h. Hematological analysis further revealed that while both models induced systemic inflammation, the FIP model provided a much sharper and predictable onset of severe leukopenia and multi-organ failure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The optimized FIP model, characterized by its procedural simplicity, high controllability, and superior reproducibility, serves as a robust platform for investigating the early, fulminant pathophysiological mechanisms of unmitigated sepsis. Conversely, the CLP model remains the preferred choice for studies focusing on protracted infection and chronic organ dysfunction. These findings provide a methodological framework for selecting appropriate sepsis models based on specific research objectives in experimental medicine.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":17993,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animal Research","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13220502/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148055413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}