Laboratory Animal Research最新文献

{"title":"Improvement of the intestinal epithelial barrier during laxative effects of phlorotannin in loperamide-induced constipation of SD rats.","authors":"Ji Eun Kim,&nbsp;Hee Jin Song,&nbsp;Yun Ju Choi,&nbsp;You Jeong Jin,&nbsp;Yu Jeong Roh,&nbsp;Ayun Seol,&nbsp;So Hae Park,&nbsp;Ju Min Park,&nbsp;Hyun Gu Kang,&nbsp;Dae Youn Hwang","doi":"10.1186/s42826-022-00152-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42826-022-00152-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Disruptions of the intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) are frequently observed in various digestive diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study assessed the improvement in the IEB during the laxative activity of phlorotannin (Pt) harvested from Ecklonia cava in constipation by examining the changes in the expression of the regulatory proteins for the tight junction (TJ) and adherens junction (AJ), and inflammatory cytokines in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with loperamide (Lm)-induced constipation after a Pt treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Pt treatment induced laxative activity, including the improvement of feces-related parameters, gastrointestinal transit rate, and histological structure of the mid colon in Lm-treated SD rats. In addition, significant recovery effects were detected in the histology of IEB, including the mucus layer, epithelial cells, and lamina propria in the mid colon of Lm + Pt treated SD rats. The expression levels of E-cadherin and p120-catenin for AJ and the ZO-1, occludin, and Claudin-1 genes for TJ in epithelial cells were improved remarkably after the Pt treatment, but the rate of increase was different. Furthermore, the Pt treatment increased the expression level of several inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-13, and IL-4 in Lm + Pt treated SD rats.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results provide the first evidence that the laxative activity of Pt in SD rats with Lm-induced constipation phenotypes involve improvements in the IEB.</p>","PeriodicalId":17993,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animal Research","volume":"39 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9808941/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10545559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chlorogenic acid modulates the ubiquitin-proteasome system in stroke animal model.","authors":"Murad-Ali Shah,&nbsp;Ju-Bin Kang,&nbsp;Phil-Ok Koh","doi":"10.1186/s42826-022-00151-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42826-022-00151-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chlorogenic acid, a phenolic compound, has potent antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. The ubiquitin-proteasome system is an important regulators of neurodevelopment and modulators of neuronal function. This system is associated with neurodevelopment and neurotransmission through degradation and removal of damaged proteins. Activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system is a critical factor in preventing cell death. We have previously reported a decrease in the activity of the ubiquitin-proteasome system during cerebral ischemia. This study investigated whether chlorogenic acid regulates the ubiquitin-proteasome system in an animal stroke model. In adult rats, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery was performed to induce focal cerebral ischemia. Chlorogenic acid (30 mg/kg) or normal saline was injected into the abdominal cavity 2 h after MCAO surgery, and cerebral cortex tissues were collected 24 h after MCAO damage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Chlorogenic acid attenuated neurobehavioral disorders and histopathological changes caused by MCAO damage. We identified the decreases in ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1, ubiquitin thioesterase OTUB1, proteasome subunit α type 1, proteasome subunit α type 3, and proteasome subunit β type 4 expression using a proteomics approach in MCAO animals. The decrease in these proteins was alleviated by chlorogenic acid. In addition, the results of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction confirmed these changes. The identified proteins were markedly reduced in MCAO damage, while chlorogenic acid prevented these reductions induced by MCAO. The decrease of ubiquitin-proteasome system proteins in ischemic damage was associated with neuronal apoptosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results showed that chlorogenic acid regulates ubiquitin-proteasome system proteins and protects cortical neurons from neuronal damage. These results provide evidence that chlorogenic acid has neuroprotective effects and maintains the ubiquitin-proteasome system in ischemic brain injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":17993,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animal Research","volume":"38 1","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9768937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10419563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anesthesia and analgesia for common research models of adult mice.","authors":"Siavash Ahmadi-Noorbakhsh, Mohammad Farajli Abbasi, Maedeh Ghasemi, Gholamreza Bayat, Nahid Davoodian, Ehsan Sharif-Paghaleh, Seyedeh Mahsa Poormoosavi, Melika Rafizadeh, Maryam Maleki, Hesamaddin Shirzad-Aski, Hossein Kargar Jahromi, Masoomeh Dadkhah, Bahman Khalvati, Tahereh Safari, Mohammad Amin Behmanesh, Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam, Gholamreza Houshmand, Sayyed Alireza Talaei","doi":"10.1186/s42826-022-00150-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42826-022-00150-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anesthesia and analgesia are major components of many interventional studies on laboratory animals. However, various studies have shown improper reporting or use of anesthetics/analgesics in research proposals and published articles. In many cases, it seems \"anesthesia\" and \"analgesia\" are used interchangeably, while they are referring to two different concepts. Not only this is an unethical practice, but also it may be one of the reasons for the proven suboptimal quality of many animal researches. This is a widespread problem among investigations on various species of animals. However, it could be imagined that it may be more prevalent for the most common species of laboratory animals, such as the laboratory mice. In this review, proper anesthetic/analgesic methods for routine procedures on laboratory mice are discussed. We considered the available literature and critically reviewed their anesthetic/analgesic methods. Detailed dosing and pharmacological information for the relevant drugs are provided and some of the drugs' side effects are discussed. This paper provides the necessary data for an informed choice of anesthetic/analgesic methods in some routine procedures on laboratory mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":17993,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animal Research","volume":"38 1","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9746144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10361177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trichoblastomas derived from the facial skin with tactile hair in aged house musk shrews (Suncus murinus).","authors":"Tohru Kimura","doi":"10.1186/s42826-022-00147-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42826-022-00147-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Benign hair follicle tumors are relatively rare cutaneous neoplasms arising from hair follicle differentiation. These tumors are slow-growing solitary papules or nodules in the head, face or neck. The aim of this study was to describe 2 cases of trichoblastomas in tactile hair skin incidentally encountered in aged house musk shrews (Suncus murinus). In addition, this case report clarifies whether the characteristics in the tactile hair skin of Suncus murinus are different from those in humans and other animals.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>The animals were investigated the characteristics of the clinical findings, hematological and serum biochemical profiles (particularly, serum amyloid A levels (vSAA)), and histopathological results. Suncus murinus with the facial tumor showed weight loss and coarse fur. Hematological examinations indicated microcytic and normochromic anemia. Although few apparent changes were serum biochemically found in Suncus murinus, vSAA levels moderately increased and revealed inflammatory reactions. These lesions histopathologically showed the basaloid islands comprising peripheral palisading and dilated microcysts containing variable admixtures of free-floating cells such as neoplasm cells, giant cells, clear cells, mononuclear cells and erythrocytes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The author concluded that trichoblastomas in Suncus murinus revealed growth and morphological characteristics that recapitulate part of embryological development in the tactile hair follicles. In the histological structure, their trichoblastomas in the tactile hair skin were different from those found in humans and animals such as cats, dogs and other wildlife.</p>","PeriodicalId":17993,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animal Research","volume":" ","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9724274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35259227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-stress effects of Fameyes in in vitro and in vivo models of stresses.","authors":"Junkee Hong,&nbsp;Tae-Kyeong Lee,&nbsp;In Hye Kim,&nbsp;Seungah Lee,&nbsp;Byung-Ju Jeon,&nbsp;Jiwon Lee,&nbsp;Moo-Ho Won,&nbsp;Sungsu Kim","doi":"10.1186/s42826-022-00149-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42826-022-00149-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fameyes (a mixture of Clematis mandshurica Rupr. extract (CMRE) and Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. extract (EAPE)) containing scutellarin and chlorogenic acid as major components has been reported to relieve mental stress in human subjects, which is reflected in improved scores in psychometric tests measuring levels of depression, anxiety, well-being, and mental fitness. The aim of this study was to examine the anti-stress activity of Fameyes and to investigate the mechanisms of the anti-stress activity using in vitro and in vivo models of stresses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>First, we tested the effect of Fameyes on corticosterone-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells (human neurofibroma cell lines). Corticosterone induced apoptosis and decreased cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential, but treatment with Fameyes inhibited these cytotoxic effects in a dose-dependent manner. However, CMRE and EAPE (components of Fameyes) did not inhibit the cytotoxic effect of corticosterone individually. Next, we tested the effects of Fameyes on rats that were exposed to different kinds of stresses for four weeks. When the stressed rats were treated with Fameyes, their immobility time in forced swim and tail suspension tests decreased. A reduction was also observed in the serum levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone. Furthermore, upon oral administration of Fameyes, serum serotonin levels increased. These in vitro and in vivo results support the anti-stress effects of Fameyes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In vitro experiments showed anti-stress effects of Fameyes in cell viability, apoptosis, and mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, in vivo experiments using rats showed anti-stress effects of Fameyes in blood and tissue levels of ACTH, corticosterone, and serotonin, as well as the immobility time in the forced swim and tail suspension tests. However, we did not specifically investigate which ingredient or ingredients showed anti-stress effects, although we reported that Fameyes contained chlorogenic acid and scutellarin major ingredients.</p>","PeriodicalId":17993,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animal Research","volume":" ","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9724292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35210788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance exercise training-induced skeletal muscle strength provides protective effects on high-fat-diet-induced metabolic stress in mice.","authors":"Hye Jin Kim,&nbsp;Youn Ju Kim,&nbsp;Il Yong Kim,&nbsp;Je Kyung Seong","doi":"10.1186/s42826-022-00145-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42826-022-00145-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Resistance exercise training is known to improve metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type2 diabetes. In this study, we investigated whether the beneficial effects of resistance exercise training persisted even after the discontinuation of training with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic stress. We further evaluated whether the improvement in skeletal muscle strength and endurance by training were correlated with improved metabolism. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6N mice were divided into groups that remained sedentary or had access to daily resistance exercise via ladder climbing for 8 weeks. Trained and untrained mice were fed an HFD for 1 week after the exercise training intervention (n = 5-8 per group).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Resistance exercise-trained mice had a lean phenotype and counteracted diet-induced obesity and glucose tolerance, even after exercise cessation. Grip strength was significantly inversely correlated with the body weight, fat mass, and glucose tolerance. However, hanging time was significantly inversely correlated with body weight only.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results have strong implications for the preventive effect of resistance exercise-induced metabolic improvement by enhancing skeletal muscle strength rather than endurance.</p>","PeriodicalId":17993,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animal Research","volume":"38 1","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9716768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10327760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time progression and regional expression of brain oxidative stress induced by obstructive jaundice in rats.","authors":"Konstantinos Lilimpakis,&nbsp;Aidona Tsepelaki,&nbsp;Electra Kalaitzopoulou,&nbsp;Dimitrios Zisimopoulos,&nbsp;Polyxeni Papadea,&nbsp;Marianna Skipitari,&nbsp;Athina Varemmenou,&nbsp;Apostolos Aggelis,&nbsp;Constantine Vagianos,&nbsp;Constantine Constantoyannis,&nbsp;Christos D Georgiou","doi":"10.1186/s42826-022-00146-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42826-022-00146-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obstructive jaundice induces oxidative changes in the brain parenchyma and plays significant role in clinical manifestations of hepatic encephalopathy. We aim to study the progression of the brain oxidative status over time and the differences of its pattern over the hemispheres, the brainstem and the cerebellum. We use an experimental model in rats and measuring the oxidative stress (OS) specific biomarkers protein malondialdehyde (PrMDA) and protein carbonyls (PrC = O).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hyperbilirubinemia has been confirmed in all study groups as the result of common bile duct obstruction. We confirmed increase in both PrMDA and PrC = O biomarkers levels with different type of changes over time. We also confirmed that the oxidative process develops differently in each of the brain areas in study.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study confirms the progressive increase in OS in all brain areas studied using markers indicative of cumulative protein modification.</p>","PeriodicalId":17993,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animal Research","volume":"38 1","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9701014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10327944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The current status and history of AFLAS.","authors":"Noriyuki Kasai","doi":"10.1186/s42826-022-00144-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42826-022-00144-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Asian federation of laboratory animal science associations (AFLAS) was established on November 29, 2003, and will celebrate its 20th anniversary in 2023. During this time, the number of AFLAS member associations and societies increased from six founders to eleven, and eight AFLAS congresses and 19 council meetings were held. In addition, the education and training system of laboratory animal science and technology funding program to support the activities of AFLAS member associations or societies started in 2015. Unfortunately, the COVID-19 pandemic had a great impact on the activities of AFLAS, and the 10th Congress which was scheduled to be held in Thailand in 2021 had to be canceled. AFLAS must have its members work together to overcome this difficult situation and further develop.</p>","PeriodicalId":17993,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animal Research","volume":"38 1","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9700945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10327947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hematological and biochemical reference intervals of wild-caught and inhouse adult Indian rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).","authors":"Niraj A Shah,&nbsp;Laxit K Bhatt,&nbsp;Rajesh J Patel,&nbsp;Tushar M Patel,&nbsp;Nayankumar V Patel,&nbsp;Harshida G Trivedi,&nbsp;Nilam R Patel,&nbsp;Jitendra H Patel,&nbsp;Satish D Patel,&nbsp;Rajesh S Sundar,&nbsp;Mukul R Jain","doi":"10.1186/s42826-022-00143-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42826-022-00143-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nonhuman primates are used for research purposes such as studying diseases and drug discovery and development programs. Various clinical pathology parameters are used as biomarkers of disease conditions in biomedical research. Detailed reports of these parameters are not available for Indian-origin rhesus macaques. To meet the increasing need for information, we conducted this study on 121 adult Indian rhesus macaques (57 wild-sourced and 64 inhouse animals, aged 3-7 years). A total of 18 hematology and 18 biochemistry parameters were evaluated and reported in this study. Data from these parameters were statistically evaluated for significance amongst inhouse and wild-born animals and for differences amongst sexes. The reference range was calculated according to C28-A3 guidelines for reporting reference intervals of clinical laboratory parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Source of the animals and sex appeared to have statistically significant effects on reference values and range. Wild-born animals reported higher WBC, platelets, neutrophils, RBC, hemoglobin, HCT, MCV, and total protein values in comparison to inhouse monkeys. Sex-based differences were observed for parameters such as RBCs, hemoglobin, HCT, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, albumin, and total protein amongst others.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Through this study, we have established a comprehensive data set of reference values and intervals for certain hematological and biochemical parameters which will help researchers in planning, conducting, and interpreting various aspects of biomedical research employing Indian-origin rhesus monkeys.</p>","PeriodicalId":17993,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animal Research","volume":" ","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9652035/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40683057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vivo molecular imaging in preclinical research.","authors":"Su Jin Kim,&nbsp;Ho-Young Lee","doi":"10.1186/s42826-022-00142-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42826-022-00142-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In vivo molecular imaging is a research field in which molecular biology and advanced imaging techniques are combined for imaging molecular-level biochemical and physiological changes that occur in a living body. For biomolecular imaging, the knowledge of molecular biology, cell biology, biochemistry, and physiology must be applied. Imaging techniques such as fluorescence, luminescence, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used for biomolecular imaging. These imaging techniques are used in various fields, i.e., diagnosis of various diseases, development of new drugs, development of treatments, and evaluation of effects. Moreover, as biomolecular imaging can repeatedly acquire images without damaging biological tissues or sacrificing the integrity of objects, changes over time can be evaluated.Phenotypes or diseases in a living body are caused by the accumulation of various biological phenomena. Genetic differences cause biochemical and physiological differences, which accumulate and cause anatomical or structural changes. Biomolecular imaging techniques are suitable for each step. In evaluating anatomical or structural changes, MRI, CT, and ultrasound have advantages in obtaining high-resolution images. SPECT and MRI are advantageous for the evaluation of various physiological phenomena. PET and magnetic resonance spectroscopy can be used to image biochemical phenomena in vivo. Although various biomolecular imaging techniques can be used to evaluate various biological phenomena, it is important to use imaging techniques suitable for each purpose.</p>","PeriodicalId":17993,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory Animal Research","volume":" ","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9585739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40659829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}