LanguagePub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1353/lan.0.0269
Margaret Cychosz
{"title":"LANGUAGE EXPOSURE PREDICTS CHILDREN'S PHONETIC PATTERNING: EVIDENCE FROM LANGUAGE SHIFT.","authors":"Margaret Cychosz","doi":"10.1353/lan.0.0269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.0.0269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although understanding the role of the environment is central to language acquisition theory, rarely has this been studied for children's phonetic development, and receptive and expressive language experiences in the environment are not distinguished. This last distinction may be crucial for child speech production in particular, because production requires coordination of low-level speech-motor planning with high-level linguistic knowledge. In this study, the role of the environment is evaluated in a novel way-by studying phonetic development in a bilingual community undergoing rapid language shift. This sociolinguistic context provides a naturalistic gradient of the amount of children's exposure to two languages and the ratio of expressive to receptive experiences. A large-scale child language corpus encompassing over 500 hours of naturalistic South Bolivian Quechua and Spanish speech was efficiently annotated for children's and their caregivers' bilingual language use. These estimates were correlated with children's patterns in a series of speech production tasks. The role of the environment varied by outcome: children's expressive language experience best predicted their performance on a coarticulation-morphology measure, while their receptive experience predicted performance on a lower-level measure of vowel variability. Overall these bilingual exposure effects suggest a pathway for children's role in language change whereby language shift can result in different learning outcomes within a single speech community. Appropriate ways to model language exposure in development are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":"98 3","pages":"461-509"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10079255/pdf/nihms-1849333.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9272958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LanguagePub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1353/lan.2022.0016
C. Nance, S. Kirkham
{"title":"Phonetic typology and articulatory constraints: The realization of secondary articulations in Scottish Gaelic rhotics: Supplementary Material","authors":"C. Nance, S. Kirkham","doi":"10.1353/lan.2022.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2022.0016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":" ","pages":"-"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48880745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LanguagePub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1353/lan.2022.0013
Yingqi Jing, Damián E. Blasi, B. Bickel
{"title":"Dependency-length minimization and its limits: A possible role for a probabilistic version of the final-over-final condition: Supplementary Material","authors":"Yingqi Jing, Damián E. Blasi, B. Bickel","doi":"10.1353/lan.2022.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2022.0013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":" ","pages":"-"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49040957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LanguagePub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1353/lan.0.0265
Rosa Vallejos-Yopán, Eva Rodríguez-González
{"title":"Infusing metacognition into advanced linguistics courses","authors":"Rosa Vallejos-Yopán, Eva Rodríguez-González","doi":"10.1353/lan.0.0265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.0.0265","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This study explores the implementation of critical thinking via metacognition in linguistics courses. It employs surveys to examine strategies used by students in two courses, Morphosyntax and Field Methods, devoted to the development of analytical skills in linguistics. We hypothesized that the application of metacognition surveys would enhance students’ awareness of techniques that promote critical thinking and active learning. Two surveys built in as core components in each course were deployed at different points during the semester. Students’ responses indicate that metacognition surveys can help students and instructors gain greater awareness of learning concerns and capabilities and identify areas for intervention.","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":"98 1","pages":"e131 - e155"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46440344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LanguagePub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1353/lan.0.0272
A. Przepiórkowski
{"title":"Coordination of unlike grammatical cases (and unlike categories)","authors":"A. Przepiórkowski","doi":"10.1353/lan.0.0272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.0.0272","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:It is often claimed that conjuncts in coordinate structures must be alike in various ways, in particular, that they should have the same syntactic category and the same grammatical case, if any. This article aims to refute such claims. On the basis of data from Polish, Estonian, and other languages, it demonstrates that there is no universal requirement that conjuncts be alike. Any appearances of such a requirement result from the fact that each conjunct must satisfy all functional constraints on the coordinate structure. The article discusses ways of formalizing such distributive satisfaction of constraints within four major linguistic frameworks: lexical-functional grammar, categorial grammar, head-driven phrase structure grammar, and minimalism.","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":"98 1","pages":"592 - 634"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43522354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LanguagePub Date : 2022-08-27DOI: 10.1353/lan.0.0262
Andrew Garrett, Alice Harris
{"title":"Assessing scholarship in documentary linguistics","authors":"Andrew Garrett, Alice Harris","doi":"10.1353/lan.0.0262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.0.0262","url":null,"abstract":"Documentary linguistics is new and distinctive enough that some linguists and other participants in academic reviews may be uncertain about how to assess its outputs. We recommend specific strategies for assessing documentary linguistic scholarship in academic review contexts, based on a brief description of the field for the benefit of colleagues in other areas.","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":" ","pages":"-"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45878936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LanguagePub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1353/lan.2022.0010
Kilu von Prince, Ana Krajinovic, M. Krifka
{"title":"Irrealis is real: Supplementary Material","authors":"Kilu von Prince, Ana Krajinovic, M. Krifka","doi":"10.1353/lan.2022.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2022.0010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46408483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LanguagePub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1353/lan.0.0259
Eleanor Chodroff, Colin Wilson
{"title":"Uniformity in phonetic realization: Evidence from sibilant place of articulation in American English","authors":"Eleanor Chodroff, Colin Wilson","doi":"10.1353/lan.0.0259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.0.0259","url":null,"abstract":"Phonetic realization is highly variable and highly structured within and across talkers. We examine three constraints that could structure the phonetic space of related speech sounds: target, contrast, and pattern uniformity. Target uniformity requires a uniform mapping from distinctive features to their corresponding phonetic targets within a talker; contrast uniformity requires a consistent difference in the phonetic targets that realize featural contrasts across talkers; and pattern uniformity requires a uniform template of phonetic targets across talkers. Focusing on American English sibilant fricatives, we measure and compare each constraint’s influence on the phonetic targets corresponding to place of articulation. We find that target uniformity is the strongest constraint: each talker realizes a given distinctive feature value in highly similar ways across related sounds. Together with similar findings for other sound classes, this result reveals fine-grained systematicity in the mapping from phonology to phonetics and has implications for theories of speech production and speech perception.*","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44674374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LanguagePub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1353/lan.2022.0009
Kilu von Prince, Ana Krajinovic, M. Krifka
{"title":"Irrealis is real","authors":"Kilu von Prince, Ana Krajinovic, M. Krifka","doi":"10.1353/lan.2022.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2022.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The question of whether irrealis is a meaningful concept in crosslinguistic comparison has been the subject of long-standing controversy. In this article, we argue that the semantic domain of irreality is split into two domains—the possible and the counterfactual—and that an 'irrealis' marker in a given language may refer either to only one of these domains or to both. A significant part of the crosslinguistic variation in what is referred to by the term irrealis can be traced back to this distinction. Other factors that obscure the realis/irrealis divide include functional subdivisions of the irrealis domain and paradigmatic competition within the TAM system of a language. We conclude that 'irrealis' is a crosslinguistically meaningful notion.","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45271654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}