Legume Science最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Efficiency of Weighted Average of Stability and Mean Performance Estimated by Linear Mixed Models for Identifying High-Yielding Lentil Genotypes Adapted to Rainfed Regions","authors":"Seyedeh Soudabeh Shobeiri,&nbsp;Payam Pezeshkpour,&nbsp;Bita Naseri","doi":"10.1002/leg3.226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/leg3.226","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A combination of the two methods of stability analysis, the additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP), based on weighted average of stability (WAASB) estimated by the linear mixed models (LMM) index identified the improved genotypes. In this study, 17 advanced genotypes of lentil were studied at two locations, Zanjan and Maragheh, during the two seasons. To examine the genotype × environment interaction, the AMMI and BLUP methods using the WAASB and weighted average of mean performance (WAASBY) index were combined to evaluate the performance stability of genotypes according to different experimental plots. Considering the significant genotype × environment interaction based on likelihood ratio test (LRT), data were analyzed by the BLUP method. The highest grain yield was detected for genotype 13, followed by genotypes 7, 11, 20, 5, 12, and 19 with higher productivity than the grand mean. To select genotypes according to yield and stability, the WAASBY index was defined by combining mean grain yield and stability. Considering 50:50 contributions for the two components, the grain yield and stability of the 13 genotypes were higher than the grand mean. The highest WAASBY was observed for genotypes 7, 20, and 12, which were determined as the best genotypes of lentil under agroecological conditions encountered in the current study regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":17929,"journal":{"name":"Legume Science","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/leg3.226","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140544406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison of Spectral Preprocessing Methods and Their Effects on Nutritional Traits in Cowpea Germplasm","authors":"Siddhant Ranjan Padhi,&nbsp;Racheal John,&nbsp;Kuldeep Tripathi,&nbsp;Dhammaprakash Pandhari Wankhede,&nbsp;Tanay Joshi,&nbsp;Jai Chand Rana,&nbsp;Amritbir Riar,&nbsp;Rakesh Bhardwaj","doi":"10.1002/leg3.229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/leg3.229","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata</i> L. (Walp)) is a multipurpose legume, which has good nutritional properties. Nutritional parameters assessed conventionally can be labour intensive, costly and time taking for germplasm screening. Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) is a rapid and nondestructive method, which can facilitate high-throughput germplasm screening. In our study, estimation of amylose and sugars has been done using NIRS. Two preprocessing methods, that is, SNV-DT (standard normal variate with detrending) and MSC (multiplicative scatter correction), were performed for optimization of the original spectra. Subsequently, MPLS (modified partial least square) regression method was employed to construct the prediction models. In amylose, the best RSQ_external (coefficient of determination) (0.962) was found in SNV-DT with mathematical treatment 3,8,8,2. The same result was shown in sugar where the best RSQ_external (0.914) was found in SNV-DT with mathematical treatment 3,4,4,1. Overall, in the case of amylose and sugars, SNV-DT was found to be a good preprocessing treatment than MSC. Paired <i>t</i>-test values in all the treatments for both the preprocessing methods were &gt; 0.05 indicating their reliability. High RSQ_external values for both the traits imply the applicability of the prediction models. Thus, these models can facilitate high-throughput germplasm screening in different national and international crop improvement programmes focusing on quality traits.</p>","PeriodicalId":17929,"journal":{"name":"Legume Science","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/leg3.229","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140544408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic and the Environmental Influences on the Concentrations Iron and Zinc in Small Seeded Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties and Advanced Lines From Ethiopia","authors":"Girum K. Ejigu,&nbsp;Raymond P. Glahn,&nbsp;Clare M. Mukankusi,&nbsp;Berhanu A. Fenta,&nbsp;Jason A. Wiesinger","doi":"10.1002/leg3.221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/leg3.221","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Common bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L.) is a grain legume rich in proteins and micronutrients, particularly iron and zinc. In this study, 30 small-seeded genotypes were planted in five locations in Ethiopia, following an alpha lattice design with three replications, to determine environmental and genotypic influence on the Fe and Zn concentration. Based on their Fe and Zn contents, bean cultivars were evaluated for adaptability and stability using AMMI analysis. The Fe concentrations of raw bean seed varied from 44.4 to 84.4 μg/g within the panel of small-seeded genotypes, with an average range of variance of 18 μg/g across environments, and its seed Zn concentrations varied from 19.7 to 32.3 μg/g, with an average range of variance of 12.6 μg/g across environments. The averages bean Fe concentration among the small-seeded genotypes across sites in Ethiopia was 62.2 and 26.1 μg/g for Zn concentrations. Results from the analysis of variance using the AMMI model indicated that genotypes accounted for 20.53% and 9.49% of the total variance in seed Fe and Zn concentrations, respectively. The environment had a greater impact, affecting 60.92% and 81.52% of total sum of squares for Fe and Zn concentrations, respectively. According to the broad-sense heritability, there appears to be some genetic control over Fe and Zn concentrations. However, the substantial effects of the environment and genotype-by-environment interaction on Fe and Zn concentrations in small-seeded genotypes indicates breeding for higher amounts of trace minerals in new bean varieties could be a challenging task. This means the notion that beans can be biofortified to have higher concentrations of Fe and Zn might not be achievable in Ethiopia. A shift in breeding strategies that focuses on traits to enhance the bioavailability of Fe and Zn from bean is warranted and could be a solution to enhance the delivery of iron from small-seeded beans produced in Ethiopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":17929,"journal":{"name":"Legume Science","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/leg3.221","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140345699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytic Acid, Protein, and Oil Contents and Their Relationship With Seed Quality During Seed Maturation of Bambara Nut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) Landraces","authors":"Gerard Oballim,&nbsp;Wilson R. Opile,&nbsp;Julius O. Ochuodho","doi":"10.1002/leg3.222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/leg3.222","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Phytic acid, proteins, and oils are seed storage compounds that play a role in germination and seedling growth and may determine seed quality. The pattern of accumulation of these compounds and the relationship of their contents with the seed quality of the Bambara nut (BN) are poorly understood. Seeds of three BN landraces, AbiBam001 (black/cream), LocalBam (brown speckled), and TVSU544 (cream), were harvested from two field experiments at different maturation stages and tested for final germination percentage (FGP), germination velocity index (GVI), and seedling dry weight (SDW). Seed samples from the same experiments were analyzed for phytic acid and proximate composition. Kendall's ranked correlation was used to describe relationships between phytic acid, protein, and oil contents and the seed quality of the landraces. Results showed no differences in the phytate, protein, and oil contents of landraces during seed maturation (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05), except for the phytate content of AbiBam001 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), which increased in the first experiment. At mass maturity, AbiBam001 and LocalBam had higher phytate and less protein and oil contents than TVSU544, implying that seed coat color may influence the phytate, protein, and oil contents of BN landraces. Higher phytate content in landraces appeared to relate positively with FGP, GVI, and SDW and vice versa. Phytic acid may positively affect seed germinability in BN landraces with high phytate content but may affect it negatively in low-phytate landraces. The oil content of all landraces had negative correlations with most seed quality characteristics, suggesting that BN oils either are not priority reserves or play a minimal role in germination and seedling growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":17929,"journal":{"name":"Legume Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/leg3.222","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140209604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introgression and Stability of Common Bean Weevil (Acanthoscelides obtectus [Say]) Resistance in Diverse Market Classes From the Andean Gene Pool of Common Bean","authors":"Modreen Chinji,&nbsp;Swivia Hamabwe,&nbsp;Kuwabo Kuwabo,&nbsp;Isabel Mugovu,&nbsp;Rebeca Thole,&nbsp;Maria Mazala,&nbsp;Juan M. Osorno,&nbsp;Phillip McClean,&nbsp;Celestina Jochua,&nbsp;Carlos Urrea,&nbsp;Chikoti Mukuma,&nbsp;Virginia Chisale,&nbsp;Kelvin Kamfwa","doi":"10.1002/leg3.223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/leg3.223","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The common bean weevil (<i>Acanthoscellides obtectus</i> [Say]) is a major post-harvest pest of common bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L.) in tropical regions. Developing and using weevil-resistant varieties is the most environmentally and cost-effective means of mitigating the losses caused by the common bean weevil. The arcelin–phytohemagglutinin–alpha-amylase (APA) locus, originally from tepary bean (<i>Phaseolus acutifolius</i> A. Gray), provides effective resistance against the common bean weevil. The APA locus is currently deployed in very limited market classes, and knowledge of the stability of its resistance across different market classes of common bean is limited. The objectives of this study were to (i) introgress the APA locus into selected market classes of Andean gene pool of common bean and (ii) determine the stability of APA-based resistance to <i>A. obtectus</i> (AO) in multiple market classes of common bean. A total of 571 F_5:7 breeding lines derived from crossing the weevil-resistant breeding line AO-1012-29-3-3A (AO-3A) possessing the APA locus with seven Andean genotypes belonging to five market classes were evaluated for resistance to AO. Of the 571 breeding lines screened, 16 were resistant, representing a low weevil resistance recovery rate of 2.8%. These lines are across diverse market classes, including those preferred in African countries. Of the 16 newly developed resistant breeding lines, six were more resistant to AO (scores ranging from 1–1.3) than AO-3A (score of 2), and these can be used for further genetic enhancement of common bean resistance to AO.</p>","PeriodicalId":17929,"journal":{"name":"Legume Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/leg3.223","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140181651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Bibliometric Analysis of Chickpea Agronomic Practices in the World During 45 Years of Scientific Research","authors":"Claudio Calia,&nbsp;Cataldo Pulvento,&nbsp;Mohamed Houssemeddine Sellami,&nbsp;Luigi Tedone,&nbsp;Claudia Ruta,&nbsp;Giuseppe De Mastro","doi":"10.1002/leg3.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/leg3.219","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i> L.) cultivation practices underwent significant transformation in recent decades due to advancements in scientific knowledge and the need for sustainable, productive farming systems. In this study, a bibliometric analysis of scientific publications from 1977 to 2023 on chickpea agronomic practices was conducted, revealing critical insights. India, as the world's leading chickpea producer, plays a pivotal role, not only in production but also as a significant contributor to scholarly research and international collaborations. The choice of journals for publication is found to influence research impact.</p><p>Analysis of research trends using co-occurrence networks of keywords reveals evolving focuses, with a recent shift towards qualitative aspects, such as protein content and nutritional quality, as well as sustainable agricultural practices. The study also emphasizes the necessity for further research on chickpea quality characteristics, strategies to mitigate antinutritional factors, yield optimization, and the impact of climate change on chickpea cultivation. Ultimately, chickpea cultivation research holds great promise in contributing to global food security and environmental sustainability. This bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive overview of chickpea cultivation research and offers valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders as they navigate the future of sustainable agriculture and the quest for protein-rich food production while minimizing the environmental footprint.</p>","PeriodicalId":17929,"journal":{"name":"Legume Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/leg3.219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140139251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of Severe Epidemics of Chickpea Ascochyta Blight Using Weather Variables","authors":"Bita Naseri,&nbsp;Farshid Mahmodi","doi":"10.1002/leg3.218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/leg3.218","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chickpea production is threatened by severe epidemics of Ascochyta blight occurring in main chickpea growing lands under appropriate weather conditions worldwide. In this 4-year research, occurrence of Ascochyta blight was monitored across nine main chickpea growing areas of Kermanshah province, western part of Iran. Each year, commercial chickpea fields were studied on a weekly basis from March to June. Disease data were collected as disease incidence (percentage of infected plants) and severity (percentage of infected tissues) and occurrence of epidemics. Weather data were collected as air temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity (RH) on a daily basis. According to a factor analysis, which explained 83% of data variance, 13 weather predictors were selected to estimate disease epidemics developed across different areas. Before modeling, a principal component analysis determined predictive values for these selected weather variables. Then, eight predictors of rainy days in March and April, mean RH in February, mean minimum temperature in January–March–April, and rainfalls in May and June were involved in model based on their predictive values. Current findings advanced our knowledge on the best weather predictors of severe epidemics of Ascochyta blight in chickpea crops at large scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":17929,"journal":{"name":"Legume Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/leg3.218","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140063712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical and sensory attributes of scones made from wheat–taro (Colocasia esculenta)–lentils (Lens culinaris) composite flour","authors":"Tengetile N. Shongwe,&nbsp;Solomon Worku Kidane,&nbsp;Jermiah S. Shelembe,&nbsp;Thabile P. Nkambule","doi":"10.1002/leg3.216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/leg3.216","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of blend proportion on the functional properties of wheat–taro–lentil composite flour and the physicochemical and sensory quality of scones was studied. The water absorption capacity (WAC), oil absorption capacity (OAC) and bulk density (BD) significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; .05) increased whereas the swelling index (SWI) decreased with increase in the proportion of lentil flour. Batter viscosity significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; .05) decreased from 1972 to 1968 cP with increase in the proportion of lentil flour. The crude protein content increased from 5.81% to 9.83% and the ash content decreased from 4.61% to 2.29% with increase in the lentil proportion. Specific volume, volume and height decreased with increase in the proportion of lentil. The baking loss increased from 5.36% to 13.56% with increase in taro flour proportion. The <i>L</i>*, <i>a</i>* and <i>b</i>* colour values and sensory attributes were also significantly affected by the blend proportions. Based on the results, lentils can be incorporated up to 30% and taro up to 10% for a protein-enhanced and acceptable product.</p>","PeriodicalId":17929,"journal":{"name":"Legume Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/leg3.216","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139700661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to ‘Pectin acetylesterase 8 influences pectin acetylation in the seed coat, seed imbibition, and dormancy in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)’","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/leg3.215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/leg3.215","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <span>Palmer, J. P.</span>, <span>Pajak, A.</span>, <span>Robson, B.</span>, <span>Zhang, B.</span>, <span>Joshi, J.</span>, <span>Diapari, M.</span>, <span>Pauls, K. P.</span>, &amp; <span>Marsolais, F.</span> (<span>2022</span>). <span><i>Pectin acetylesterase 8</i> influences pectin acetylation in the seed coat, seed imbibition, and dormancy in common bean (<i>P. vulgaris</i> L.)</span>. <i>Legume Science</i>, <span>4</span>(<span>3</span>), e130. https://doi.org/10.1002/leg3.130\u0000 </p><p>Figure 1a had a mistake in an accession number. Correct version is as follows:</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":17929,"journal":{"name":"Legume Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/leg3.215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139695340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Processing and quality evaluation of dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in flexible pouches","authors":"Weijia Wang,&nbsp;Muhammad Siddiq,&nbsp;Kirk D. Dolan,&nbsp;Karen A. Cichy","doi":"10.1002/leg3.213","DOIUrl":"10.1002/leg3.213","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dry beans are a nutrient-dense food with a history of processing in metal cans to improve convenience for consumers. Flexible retort pouches have been gaining popularity as a food package to replace metal cans because they are lighter in weight and require less energy to process. While there are potential benefits of using pouches for processed bean products, a pilot-scale pouch processing protocol for beans is needed for testing to expand to wider commercial applications. To address that need, the objectives of this study were to optimize a pouch processing method for dry beans and assess the subsequent quality of pouch-processed beans. Black and kidney bean genotypes from different field trials and production years and harvested by different threshing methods were used in this study. Pouch processing was conducted with two types of pouches at a pilot facility, and processing quality included texture, appearance, and color. Cooking time of dry seeds was assessed to understand how variety and environmentally induced differences in cooking time influence pouch processing quality. Kidney beans that required longer dry seed cooking times had firmer texture when pouch processed (<i>r</i> = .72, <i>p</i> &lt; .01). Both genotype and production year impacted cooking time and pouch processing quality. Threshing method had a significant impact on the appearance of processed kidney beans, while it had no significant impact on the processing quality of black beans. Pouch processing requires 42% (at 245°F/118.3°C retort temperature) or 60% (at 250°F/121°C) less retort processing time compared with canning. Both foil and non-foil pouches can be used to differentiate varieties for processing quality, but the non-foil pouches require much less effort to seal. This study provides a detailed methodology for pouch processing and quality evaluation of dry beans and useful information for researchers and processors in future applications of using pouches as alternative packaging for processed beans.</p>","PeriodicalId":17929,"journal":{"name":"Legume Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/leg3.213","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139618552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}