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Formal Verification for Mode Confusion in the Flight Deck Using Intent-Based Abstraction 基于意图抽象的飞行甲板模式混淆形式化验证
J. Aerosp. Inf. Syst. Pub Date : 2016-10-07 DOI: 10.2514/1.I010393
Jayaprakash Suraj Nandiganahalli, Sangjin Lee, Inseok Hwang
{"title":"Formal Verification for Mode Confusion in the Flight Deck Using Intent-Based Abstraction","authors":"Jayaprakash Suraj Nandiganahalli, Sangjin Lee, Inseok Hwang","doi":"10.2514/1.I010393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.I010393","url":null,"abstract":"As the flight deck has become highly automated, mode confusion between the pilot and the automation has emerged as an important issue for aviation safety. This paper presents a formal verification framework that can be used to efficiently detect a wide range of mode-confusion problems in the pilot–automation system and provide safety guarantees. To facilitate this, a novel formal modeling of the automation and pilot is proposed to efficiently verify the pilot–automation system. The automation of the aircraft is modeled as a deterministic hybrid system, and the pilot is modeled as an intent-based finite state machine. Due to the high dimension of the aircraft’s continuous states and the large number of flight-mode combinations, formal verification of the hybrid system is computationally formidable, leading to the state-space explosion problem. To tackle this problem, a computationally efficient abstraction method for the hybrid model is proposed using intent inference, from which an intent-based finite sta...","PeriodicalId":179117,"journal":{"name":"J. Aerosp. Inf. Syst.","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122378355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Verification Guided Refinement of Flight Safety Assessment and Management System for Takeoff 验证引导下的起飞飞行安全评估与管理体系的完善
J. Aerosp. Inf. Syst. Pub Date : 2016-08-05 DOI: 10.2514/1.I010408
Swee Balachandran, N. Ozay, E. Atkins
{"title":"Verification Guided Refinement of Flight Safety Assessment and Management System for Takeoff","authors":"Swee Balachandran, N. Ozay, E. Atkins","doi":"10.2514/1.I010408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.I010408","url":null,"abstract":"Systems that make safety-critical decisions must undergo a rigorous verification and validation process to ensure automation decisions do not jeopardize the nominal safe state of operation. Flight safety assessment and management is a high-level decision-making system to reduce loss of control risk. This paper demonstrates how tools from formal verification can be used to guide the design of a takeoff flight safety assessment and management system implemented as a deterministic Moore machine. Finite state abstractions of simplified takeoff dynamics under different control authorities (i.e., pilot vs safety controller) are computed and composed with the Moore machine. By construction, the composition captures all behaviors of simplified takeoff dynamics. Then, a model checking tool analyzes whether this composition satisfies the takeoff safety requirements specified by federal aviation regulations. The results of model checking together with the abstraction are used to refine the Moore machine to ensure sa...","PeriodicalId":179117,"journal":{"name":"J. Aerosp. Inf. Syst.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125855761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Adaptable Data Download Schedules for Agile Earth-Observing Satellites 灵活地球观测卫星的适应性数据下载时间表
J. Aerosp. Inf. Syst. Pub Date : 2016-08-01 DOI: 10.2514/1.I010383
A. Maillard, G. Verfaillie, C. Pralet, J. Jaubert, I. Sebbag, Frédéric Fontanari, J. L'Hermitte
{"title":"Adaptable Data Download Schedules for Agile Earth-Observing Satellites","authors":"A. Maillard, G. Verfaillie, C. Pralet, J. Jaubert, I. Sebbag, Frédéric Fontanari, J. L'Hermitte","doi":"10.2514/1.I010383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.I010383","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, it is shown how decision making on data download schedules can be shared between ground and onboard to face uncertainty about the volumes of data generated by observations: download schedules are produced on the ground together with commitments to high-priority data downloads; these schedules are then adapted onboard when exact volumes are known, while guaranteeing that ground commitments be satisfied. This setting arises in a space application in which Earth-observing satellites perform observations, which produce data to be recorded onboard and then downloaded to ground reception stations, but the volume of data generated by observations is uncertain, due to the execution of sophisticated compression algorithms between observation and data recording.","PeriodicalId":179117,"journal":{"name":"J. Aerosp. Inf. Syst.","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126185878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
A Concept for Credibility Assessment of Aircraft System Simulators 飞机系统模拟器可信度评估的概念
J. Aerosp. Inf. Syst. Pub Date : 2016-07-07 DOI: 10.2514/1.I010391
M. Eek, Robert Hällqvist, Hampus Gavel, J. Ölvander
{"title":"A Concept for Credibility Assessment of Aircraft System Simulators","authors":"M. Eek, Robert Hällqvist, Hampus Gavel, J. Ölvander","doi":"10.2514/1.I010391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.I010391","url":null,"abstract":"An efficient methodology for verification, validation, and credibility assessment of simulation models and simulator applications is an enabler for the aeronautical industry’s increasing reliance on modeling and simulation in system design and verification and on training. As a complement to traditional document-centric approaches, this paper presents a method for credibility assessment of simulator applications, in which credibility information is presented to end users directly during simulation. The central idea is that each model in a simulator is extended with a metamodel describing different aspects of credibility. The metamodel includes a number of static credibility measures and a dynamic measure that may vary during simulation. The concept is implemented and tested in two system simulators for the Saab Gripen fighter aircraft. According to the evaluation, the concept facilitates an intuitive overview of model dependencies, as well as credibility information for individual models and for a simulat...","PeriodicalId":179117,"journal":{"name":"J. Aerosp. Inf. Syst.","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127814516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Machine Vision Identification of Airport Runways with Visible and Infrared Videos 基于可见光和红外视频的机场跑道机器视觉识别
J. Aerosp. Inf. Syst. Pub Date : 2016-06-18 DOI: 10.2514/1.I010405
Andrew J. Moore, M. Schubert, Chester V. Dolph, G. Woodell
{"title":"Machine Vision Identification of Airport Runways with Visible and Infrared Videos","authors":"Andrew J. Moore, M. Schubert, Chester V. Dolph, G. Woodell","doi":"10.2514/1.I010405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.I010405","url":null,"abstract":"A widely used machine vision pipeline based on the Speeded-Up Robust Features feature detector was applied to the problem of identifying a runway from a universe of known runways, which was constructed using video records of 19 straight-in glidepath approaches to nine runways. The recordings studied included visible, short-wave infrared, and long-wave infrared videos in clear conditions, rain, and fog. Both daytime and nighttime runway approaches were used. High detection specificity (identification of the runway approached and rejection of the other runways in the universe) was observed in all conditions (greater than 90% Bayesian posterior probability). In the visible band, repeatability (identification of a given runway across multiple videos of it) was observed only if illumination (day versus night) was the same and approach visibility was good. Some repeatability was found across visible and shortwave sensor bands. Camera-based geolocation during aircraft landing was compared to the standard Charted...","PeriodicalId":179117,"journal":{"name":"J. Aerosp. Inf. Syst.","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130397250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Collocation Methods to Minimum-Fuel Trajectory Problems with Required Time of Arrival in ATM 带到达时间的ATM最小燃料轨迹问题的配置方法
J. Aerosp. Inf. Syst. Pub Date : 2016-06-17 DOI: 10.2514/1.I010401
J. Carretero, M. Soler, F. S. Nieto
{"title":"Collocation Methods to Minimum-Fuel Trajectory Problems with Required Time of Arrival in ATM","authors":"J. Carretero, M. Soler, F. S. Nieto","doi":"10.2514/1.I010401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.I010401","url":null,"abstract":"In the future air traffic management system, the trajectory becomes the fundamental element of a new set of operating procedures collectively referred to as trajectory-based operations. Trajectory-based operations require the air traffic management to introduce profound innovations to enable the envisioned changes. Some of these include collaborative decision-making processes, better data and information management, and advanced decision support tools to aid human operators. In particular, fast and accurate computation of optimal trajectories could certainly contribute to enhance trajectory management within the future air traffic management. The trajectory optimization problem can be solved using optimal control methods. In this paper, the existing methods for solving optimal control problems focusing on direct collocation are discussed. In particular, pseudospectral collocation methods have shown to be numerically more accurate and computationally much faster than other direct methods. A very relevant p...","PeriodicalId":179117,"journal":{"name":"J. Aerosp. Inf. Syst.","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128559817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Radial Basis Function Artificial Neural-Network-Inspired Numerical Solver 径向基函数人工神经网络启发的数值求解器
J. Aerosp. Inf. Syst. Pub Date : 2016-06-17 DOI: 10.2514/1.I010196
M. Wilkinson, A. Meade
{"title":"Radial Basis Function Artificial Neural-Network-Inspired Numerical Solver","authors":"M. Wilkinson, A. Meade","doi":"10.2514/1.I010196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.I010196","url":null,"abstract":"A framework for a mesh-free numerical solver of differential equations is presented in this paper. Development of the solver is derived from machine learning techniques using artificial neural networks with Gaussian radial basis functions for their neurons. The proposed method incrementally develops an approximation through the optimization of a scalar condensed form of the differential equations. Unlike traditional solvers that require grids, volumes, or meshes, along with corresponding connectivity data, the proposed framework requires only a list of independent variable values to approximate the solution. Because of this, there is no need for the derivation or inversion of system matrices. Results are presented demonstrating the stability and accuracy of the proposed method and it is demonstrated that the spatial error estimate can exceed that of traditional methods.","PeriodicalId":179117,"journal":{"name":"J. Aerosp. Inf. Syst.","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115787587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Testing Method for Multi-UAV Conflict Resolution Using Agent-Based Simulation and Multi-Objective Search 基于agent仿真和多目标搜索的多无人机冲突解决测试方法
J. Aerosp. Inf. Syst. Pub Date : 2016-04-18 DOI: 10.2514/1.I010412
Xueyi Zou, R. Alexander, J. Mcdermid
{"title":"Testing Method for Multi-UAV Conflict Resolution Using Agent-Based Simulation and Multi-Objective Search","authors":"Xueyi Zou, R. Alexander, J. Mcdermid","doi":"10.2514/1.I010412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.I010412","url":null,"abstract":"A new approach to testing multi-UAV conflict resolution algorithms is presented. The problem is formulated as a multi-objective search problem with two objectives: finding air traffic encounters that 1) are able to reveal faults in conflict resolution algorithms and 2) are likely to happen in the real world. The method uses agent-based simulation and multi-objective search to automatically find encounters satisfying these objectives. It describes pairwise encounters in three-dimensional space using a parameterized geometry representation, which allows encounters involving multiple UAVs to be generated by combining several pairwise encounters. The consequences of the encounters, given the conflict resolution algorithm, are explored using a fast-time agent-based simulator. To find encounters meeting the two objectives, a genetic algorithm approach is used. The method is applied to test ORCA-3D, a widely cited open-source multi-UAV conflict resolution algorithm, and the method’s performance is compared with ...","PeriodicalId":179117,"journal":{"name":"J. Aerosp. Inf. Syst.","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126632213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Autonomous Multiagent Space Exploration with High-Level Human Feedback 基于高水平人类反馈的自主多智能体空间探索
J. Aerosp. Inf. Syst. Pub Date : 2016-04-15 DOI: 10.2514/1.I010379
M. Colby, L. Yliniemi, Kagan Tumer
{"title":"Autonomous Multiagent Space Exploration with High-Level Human Feedback","authors":"M. Colby, L. Yliniemi, Kagan Tumer","doi":"10.2514/1.I010379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.I010379","url":null,"abstract":"Robotic space-exploration missions have always pushed the limits of science and technology, and will continue to do so by their very nature. Such missions are particularly challenging, as they operate in environments with high uncertainty, light-time delays, and high mission costs. Artificial-intelligence-based multiagent systems can alleviate these concerns by 1) creating autonomous multirobot teams that can function in uncertain environments, 2) navigating and operating without time-sensitive commands from Earth-bound scientists, and 3) spreading the mission cost across multiple platforms that will eliminate the danger of total mission loss in the case of a malfunctioning robot. In this work, a novel human in-the-loop cooperative coevolutionary algorithm is presented to train a multirobot system exploring an unknown environment. Autonomous robots learn to make low-level control decisions to maximize scientific data acquisition, whereas human scientists on Earth learn the changing mission profiles and pr...","PeriodicalId":179117,"journal":{"name":"J. Aerosp. Inf. Syst.","volume":"853 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129655511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Developing Mathematical Formulations for the Integrated Problem of Sensors, Weapons, and Targets 发展传感器、武器和目标综合问题的数学公式
J. Aerosp. Inf. Syst. Pub Date : 2016-03-31 DOI: 10.2514/1.I010372
Kristopher L. Ezra, D. DeLaurentis, L. Mockus, J. Pekny
{"title":"Developing Mathematical Formulations for the Integrated Problem of Sensors, Weapons, and Targets","authors":"Kristopher L. Ezra, D. DeLaurentis, L. Mockus, J. Pekny","doi":"10.2514/1.I010372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.I010372","url":null,"abstract":"Although sensor resource management and weapon–target assignment problems have been well studied, there is currently no well-posed mathematical formulation that captures the interactions of these problems in the context of a missile defense scenario. This paper gives a representative example to illustrate this fact; then, it poses a method for navigating the abstraction space for the integrated problem of sensors, weapons, and targets based on the specification of information sharing between subproblems. This method begins by outlining a set of formulation classes to specify the way in which information is shared; from this set, some formulation schemata (particular instantiations of a mathematical models that subscribe to the rules of a formulation class) are suggested. A set of goodness criteria for selecting which formulation classes and formulation schemata best address the problem-absent simulation results is considered. Last, the benefits and shortcomings of these formulation classes and formulation...","PeriodicalId":179117,"journal":{"name":"J. Aerosp. Inf. Syst.","volume":"38 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123671271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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