Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi最新文献_第9页

[COVID-19: diagnosis and treatment outside hospital]. [COVID-19:诊断和院外治疗]。

Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi Pub Date : 2021-06-01

Aleš Chrdle, Pavel Dlouhý, Marek Štefan

引用次数: 0

[Manual for physicians in COVID-19 units]. [COVID-19单位医生手册]。

Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi Pub Date : 2021-06-01

Pavel Dlouhý, Marek Štefan, Aleš Chrdle, Hynek Bartoš

引用次数: 0

[Vaccination against COVID-19]. [COVID-19疫苗接种]。

Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi Pub Date : 2021-06-01

Marek Štefan, Pavel Dlouhý, Lenka Bezdíčková

{"title":"[Vaccination against COVID-19].","authors":"Marek Štefan, Pavel Dlouhý, Lenka Bezdíčková","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Vaccination is essential to manage the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccination significantly protects against severe COVID-19, hospitalization and death; it also protects against symptomatic infection and reduces the risk of transmission to other people. Protection against the new SARS-CoV-2 variants may be lower, but protection against severe course and death remains high. Two mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273) and two vector vaccines (AZD1222 and Ad26.COV2.S) are currently available in the Czech Republic. Vaccination of persons over 60 years of age and immunocompromised persons, who are demonstrably at the highest risk of a serious course of the disease, is of the utmost importance. In order to achieve adequate vaccination coverage, it is necessary to motivate other groups of people to be vaccinated, including children over 12 years of age and young adults. Vaccination is also recommended in pregnant women in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters and in breastfeeding women. For selected groups of vaccines, a third dose of vaccination is recommended (additional third dose 4 weeks after the second dose or a booster dose 8 to 12 months after the second dose). The side effects are usually mild, with serious complications (including anaphylaxis, thrombocytopenia with thrombosis syndrome, myocarditis, Guillain-Barré syndrome and capillary leak syndrome) being rare.","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"27 2","pages":"49-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39517266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Impact of outreach testing on elimination of hepatitis C]. [外展检测对消除丙型肝炎的影响]

Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi Pub Date : 2021-03-01

Petr Husa, Petr Husa

{"title":"[Impact of outreach testing on elimination of hepatitis C].","authors":"Petr Husa, Petr Husa","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Analysis of changes in a group of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) treated with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) with a special focus on risk factors for transmission. Evaluation of cooperation with organizations working with people who inject drugs (PWID) including the impact of outreach testing.Methods: A retrospective analysis and interannual comparison of CHC patients treated with DAAs at the Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic between 2018 and 2020.Results: A total of 291 (101 in the year 2018, 111 in 2019 and 79 in 2020) patients with CHC have been treated. Comparison of results from the years 2018, 2019 and 2020 demonstrated a significant rise in the proportion of PWID (46.5 %, 64.9 % and 65.8 %, respectively). Also the proportion of genotype 3a infection (23.8 %, 30.6 % and 35.4 %) increased at the expense of genotype 1b infection (52.5 %, 46.9 % and 38.0 %). By contrast, the median age (43, 40 and 38 years) and the proportion of patients with liver cirrhosis decreased (20.8 %, 15.3 % and 12.7 %). The percentage of patients started on DAA therapy within one year of diagnosis increased (47.5 %, 53.2 % and 62.0 %). And so did the proportion of patients receiving therapy as a result of cooperation with organizations and facilities working with PWID (5.9 %, 25.2 % and 25.3 %). The downside was high numbers of patients lost to follow-up (19.8 %, 23.4 % and 22.3 %). Those were mostly patients who completed their therapy as planned and were only lost to after receiving the final dose of DAAs.Conclusions: The fact that PWID have gradually become the dominant group of CHC patients is accompanied by a younger age of treated patients, a higher proportion of those with genotype 3a and less advanced liver damage. The changing spectrum of CHC patients makes medical professionals change their approach. Outreach testing and cooperation with organizations working with PWID have proved an effective way of improving the diagnosis and treatment of CHC.","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"27 1","pages":"13-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39517650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Diagnosing dermatomycoses in a clinical mycology laboratory: guidelines proposed by the Czech Society for Medical Microbiology Working Group on Mycology]. [在临床真菌学实验室诊断皮肤真菌病:捷克医学微生物学学会真菌学工作组提出的指南]。

Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi Pub Date : 2021-03-01

Karel Mencl, Vladimír Buchta, Naďa Mallátová, Iva Kocmanová, Vít Hubka, Petr Hamal

{"title":"[Diagnosing dermatomycoses in a clinical mycology laboratory: guidelines proposed by the Czech Society for Medical Microbiology Working Group on Mycology].","authors":"Karel Mencl, Vladimír Buchta, Naďa Mallátová, Iva Kocmanová, Vít Hubka, Petr Hamal","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"This draft of guidelines for the laboratory diagnosis of dermatomycoses was developed based on discussion among members of the Czech Society for Medical Microbiology Working Group on Mycology. The document Guidelines for the Laboratory Diagnosis of Dermatomycoses was published for discussion on the Czech Society for Medical Microbiology website on 23 March 2020. Until recently, recommendations concerning this area of laboratory diagnosis in mycology were only limited to information in manuals and no comprehensive and systematic document concerning these issues was available. In an effort to fill the gap, members of the working group developed recommendations covering various laboratory aspects of mycology, from obtaining a proper history, to adequate sampling techniques, sample analyses using conventional microscopy and culture techniques, to interpretation of results. Additional information was on the diagnostic potential of novel, modern technology, in particular molecular genetic methods and mass spectrometry. The recently developed European standards for testing the susceptibility of dermatophytes to antifungals were also included in the recommendations. The document will be regularly updated based on new findings.","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"27 1","pages":"18-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39517651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Enterococcal infections and their treatment options]. [肠球菌感染及其治疗方案]。

Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi Pub Date : 2021-03-01

Pavla Kučová, Miroslava Htoutou Sedláková, Kateřina Fišerová, Kristýna Hricová, Milan Kolář

{"title":"[Enterococcal infections and their treatment options].","authors":"Pavla Kučová, Miroslava Htoutou Sedláková, Kateřina Fišerová, Kristýna Hricová, Milan Kolář","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The study aimed to characterize enterococcal infections at the University Hospital Olomouc and to define antibiotic treatment options.Material and methods: The data was obtained from the ENVIS LIMS laboratory information system. Between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2019, clinically relevant enterococci in the hospital and their resistance to antibiotics were retrospectively evaluated. Until mid-2016, criteria defined by Facklam and Collins and biochemical properties determined with the Encoccus test were used for identification. Subsequently, all enterococci were identified using the MALDI-TOF MS system. The susceptibility to antibiotics was determined using a standard microdilution method according to the EUCAST criteria.Results: A total of 8 239 clinically relevant enterococci were isolated over the 5-year period. The most frequently isolated species were Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, which accounted for more than 90% in the period 2017-2019. Enterococci were most frequently isolated from urine (35 %), surgical wounds (17 %) and urethral/vaginal swabs (17 %). Clinically relevant enterococci were most commonly isolated from patients with oncological diagnoses (22%), those with urinary and genital diseases (15%) and respiratory diseases (9%). Enterococcus faecalis strains showed very low resistance to the antibiotics tested. Enterococcus faecium was shown to have 24 % proportion of vancomycin-resistant strains (VRE).Conclusion: Primary antibiotics suitable for treating infections with the etiological role of Enterococcus faecalis include aminopenicillins, in case of severe infections in combination with aminoglycosides, in particular gentamicin. For Enterococcus faecium strains, glycopeptides must be chosen. To treat VRE, linezolid or tigecycline are indicated.","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"27 1","pages":"4-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39517649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Antibiotics therapy in critically ill patients: the other side of the coin]. [危重病人的抗生素治疗:硬币的另一面]。

Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi Pub Date : 2020-12-01

Roman Kula

引用次数: 0

[Antibiotic-induced organ dysfunction in intensive care patients]. [重症监护患者抗生素引起的器官功能障碍]。

Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi Pub Date : 2020-12-01

Jiří Chvojka

引用次数: 0

[Drug repositioning - antibiotics as cytostatics]. [药物重新定位-抗生素作为细胞抑制剂]。

Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi Pub Date : 2020-12-01

Jiří Sagan