Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi最新文献_第8页

[Chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis, overlooked fungal diseases]. [嗜色菌病和褐丝菌病，被忽视的真菌疾病]。

Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi Pub Date : 2020-06-01

Radim Dobiáš, Vladimír Havlíček

引用次数: 0

[Treatment of chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis]. [嗜色菌病和暗色菌丝病的治疗]。

Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi Pub Date : 2020-06-01

Radim Dobiáš, Vladimír Havlíček

引用次数: 0

[Direct identification of bacteria in blood cultures by MALDI-TOF MS]. [MALDI-TOF质谱法直接鉴定血液培养细菌]。

Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi Pub Date : 2020-06-01

Radka Homolová, Kateřina Bogdanová, Jan Bardoň, Milan Kolář

{"title":"[Direct identification of bacteria in blood cultures by MALDI-TOF MS].","authors":"Radka Homolová, Kateřina Bogdanová, Jan Bardoň, Milan Kolář","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Early and causal administration of antibiotics in patients with a positive blood culture is an essential prerequisite for successful treatment of infection. However, isolation and subsequent identification of bacteria in a blood culture by classical (culture) methods may last several days. MALDI-TOF MS is a method allowing rapid identification of bacteria, not only cultures from culture media, but also directly in clinical specimens.Methods: The study included samples of positive blood cultures taken from patients in the University Hospital Olomouc between 2016 and 2018 and examined at the Department of Microbiology of the Faculty of Medicine, Palacký University Olomouc. Positive blood culture samples were processed using an in-house method involving the removal of blood cells by low-speed centrifugation. Subsequently, a pellet obtained by high-speed centrifugation and sample washing was tested by MALDI-TOF MS.Results: A total of 110 positive blood cultures were examined using the method of direct identification. At a species level, more Gram-negative bacteria (88 %) than Gram-positive bacteria (79 %) were correctly identified, with higher identification score values being obtained for the former. Identification score values of 2.0 or higher were found in 62 % of blood cultures containing Gram-negative bacteria and 17 % of blood cultures containing Gram-positive bacteria. Identification score values ranging from 1.7 to 2.0 were found in 21 % of Gram-negative blood cultures and 33 % of blood cultures containing Gram-positive bacteria.Conclusion: Direct identification of microorganisms from positive blood cultures using MALDI-TOF MS enables more rapid diagnosis. By reducing the time required to obtain the result of pathogen identification, it may positively affect the antibiotic treatment of patients.","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"26 2","pages":"45-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39109636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis - pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis]. [嗜色菌病和褐丝酵母菌病-发病机制和实验室诊断]。

Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi Pub Date : 2020-06-01

Radim Dobiáš, Vladimír Havlíček

引用次数: 0

[Dalbavancin and its use in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus - induced upper limb phlegmon]. [Dalbavancin及其在耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌引起的上肢痰中的应用]。

Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi Pub Date : 2020-06-01

Ondrej Zahornacký, Martin Novotný

引用次数: 0

[Cost-effectiveness analysis for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in a high-risk population in the Czech Republic]. [在捷克共和国高危人群中进行艾滋病毒暴露前预防的成本效益分析]。

Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi Pub Date : 2020-03-01

Jana Skoupá, Karolaacute Švecová, Svatava Snopková

{"title":"[Cost-effectiveness analysis for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in a high-risk population in the Czech Republic].","authors":"Jana Skoupá, Karolaacute Švecová, Svatava Snopková","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To assess the cost-effectiveness of pharmacological pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) using a combination of emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF) with respect to HIV transmission in high-risk patients in the Czech Republic.Material and methods: A pharmacoeconomic model was constructed to compare costs and outcomes in a cohort with and without PrEP. Initially, a decision tree is used to evaluate short-term benefits of PrEP (proportion of HIV-infected individuals), followed by Markov cycles to simulate the course of the disease based on CD4 lymphocyte counts. The efficacy of PrEP, probability of transition between HIV infection stages, costs per category and quality of life data were derived from the literature. The results are presented as an incremental cost effectiveness ratio of incremental costs and incremental quality adjusted life-years (ICER/QALY) in a lifetime horizon with a 3% annual discount rate of costs and benefits.Results: The FTC/TDF prophylaxis is dominant, that is, it generates lower costs and higher benefits (expressed as QALYs) in comparison with the control group without prophylaxis. A sensitivity analysis modelled all relevant parameters and all scenarios confirmed the PrEP dominance.Conclusions: A cost-effectiveness analysis in the Czech Republic setting confirmed that pharmacological PrPE intervention is cost-effective, or cost-saving, in a high-risk population of men having sex with men, using a lifetime horizon.","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"26 1","pages":"18-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38716850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Our experiences with Actinomyces urogenitalis in human clinical samples]. [我们在人类临床样本中泌尿生殖放线菌的经验]。

Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi Pub Date : 2020-03-01

Petr Ježek, Renáta Šafránková, Lucia Mališová

引用次数: 0

[Symptoms and complications of influenza A in seniors in the 2018-2019 season]. [2018-2019年老年人甲型流感的症状和并发症]。

Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi Pub Date : 2020-03-01

Robin Šín, Dalibor Sedláček, Sam Hofman

{"title":"[Symptoms and complications of influenza A in seniors in the 2018-2019 season].","authors":"Robin Šín, Dalibor Sedláček, Sam Hofman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To describe the symptoms and complications of influenza A in seniors in the 2018-2019 influenza season.Material and methods: A retrospective analysis of data on 84 seniors with laboratory confirmed influenza A between 1 October 2018 and 30 April 2019 who were tested for this infectious disease in the University Hospital Pilsen.Results: Influenza A was diagnosed in 84 seniors during the period under review. The most common symptoms were fever (69 cases; 82.14 %) and cough (60 cases; 71.43 %). These two symptoms combined occurred in more than half of patients over 65 years of age (51 cases; 60.71 %). Other common symptoms included general weakness (58 cases; 69.05 %) and fatigue (57 cases; 67.86 %). The other symptoms occurred in less than half of cases. The most common complication was pneumonia (36 cases; 42.86 %). Bacterial etiology was confirmed in 13 cases and the most commonly occurring pathogens were Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Another common complication of influenza was acute respiratory insufficiency in pneumonia, heart failure or exacerbation of chronic respiratory disease. The mortality rate of seniors in our sample was 17.86 % (15 cases).Conclusion: In the senior population, the most common symptoms of influenza are a rapid onset of fever and dry cough. The study has confirmed that the most common complication is pneumonia. Furthermore, exacerbations of various chronic diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, worsening of chronic renal insufficiency and urinary tract infections were common. The most effective prevention of the development of influenza and its complications is the available quadrivalent vaccine.","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"26 1","pages":"25-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38729238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Bacteremia pathogens in the University Hospital Olomouc]. [奥洛穆茨大学医院菌血症病原体]。

Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi Pub Date : 2020-03-01

Miroslava Htoutou Sedlaková, Kateřina Fišerová, Milan Kolář

{"title":"[Bacteremia pathogens in the University Hospital Olomouc].","authors":"Miroslava Htoutou Sedlaková, Kateřina Fišerová, Milan Kolář","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To provide an overview of the most common bacterial species isolated from blood cultures in the University Hospital Olomouc in the years 2015-2019 and their antibiotic resistance patterns.Material and methods: The data were obtained from the laboratory information management system ENVIS LIMS. The results were analyzed retrospectively for the period from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019. Among positive blood cultures, the prevalence of bacterial species was assessed and the most frequent species were evaluated for resistance to selected antibiotics. Each sample was processed using standard microbiology methods with the MALDI-TOF MS system. Susceptibility to antibiotics was tested with the microdilution method according to the EUCAST recommendations.Results: Over the study period, a total of 3 400 isolates from blood cultures were included. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most prevalent (37 %), followed by Escherichia coli (16 %), Klebsiella pneumoniae (9 %), Staphylococcus aureus (7 %), Streptococcus spp. (5 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4 %), Enterobacter cloacae (2 %), Enterococcus faecalis (2 %) and Enterococcus faecium (2 %). Resistance of E. coli to 3rd generation cephalosporins, piperacillin/tazobactam, gentamicin and fluoroquinolones ranged from 7 % to 33 %. A high percentage of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains (33 %-65 %) was resistant to the above antibiotics. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus reached 3-7 %. Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited resistance to piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime, meropenem, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin ranging from 3 % to 46 %.Conclusion: Knowing the prevalence of bacterial species from blood cultures and their antimicrobial resistance patterns is important for empirical antibiotic therapy in case of an existing infection. It is advisable to conduct such epidemiological studies as part of antibiotic stewardship.","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"26 1","pages":"4-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38716848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Our experience in laboratory diagnosis of rotaviruses]. [我们在轮状病毒实验室诊断方面的经验]。

Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi Pub Date : 2019-12-01

Monika Dvořáková Heroldová, Romana Moutelíková, Veronika Holá, Milada Dvořáčková, Jana Prodělalová

{"title":"[Our experience in laboratory diagnosis of rotaviruses].","authors":"Monika Dvořáková Heroldová, Romana Moutelíková, Veronika Holá, Milada Dvořáčková, Jana Prodělalová","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Group A rotavirus (RVA) is one of leading causes of gastroenteritis in children under five years of age and is also an important nosocomial pathogen. In Europe, the most prevalent genotypes of RVA are G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], G4P[8], G9P[8] and G12P[8]. Severe dehydration is the most important complication of RVA gastroenteritis. Each year, rotavirus infection is responsible for 3,000 to 5,000 hospitalizations of children in the Czech Republic. The aim of this study was to detect rotaviruses in patients with suspected acute viral gastroenteritis.Methods: A total of 1 566 stool samples were obtained from patients with acute gastroenteritis from March 2016 to December 2018. All samples were tested by the enzyme immunoassay, rapid immunochromatographic test and quantitative reverse transcription PCR assay to detect RVA. All RVA positive samples were G- and P-typed by Sanger sequencing.Results and conclusion: RVA was detected in 13.7 % of the samples (214/1566). The incidence of RVA was 58.9 % (126/214) in males and 41.1 % (88/214) in females. The percentages of positivity ranged from 1 % to 33 % in different age groups. The highest proportion of positive patients was in the age group 4-5 years, 32.6 % (30/92). There was a significant difference in the incidence of rotaviruses between different age groups (p = 0.3946). The prevalent RVA genotypes were G1P[8], G9P[8], G3P[8], G2P[4] and G8P[8]. The detection of the G8P[8] genotype was unusual. The obtained results show that despite the possibility of vaccination, the incidence of RVA infection remains high in the Czech Republic.","PeriodicalId":17909,"journal":{"name":"Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi","volume":"25 4","pages":"140-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37851216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0